ś is palatal, close to the English sh but with the tongue touching the palate.
sh/ṣ is retroflex, pronounced with a retraction of the tongue.
s is dental, like the English s.
Āgamas One through Four—sons of Yajaśarma/Alaghuvrata, advisors to King Madāśaya.
Abhinavakaumudi—an apsaras from heaven, courted by Śalyâsura, married to Kaḷāpūrṇa.
Alaghuvrata, “Determined in his Vow”—Malayali Brahmin who acquires the maṇihāra necklace at the temple of the Lion-Rider. Previously he was Yajñaśarma, a Brahmin from the Pandya country committed to feeding Brahmins.
Brahmā—god of creation, with four heads, married to Sarasvati.
Dattātreya—a sage and master, guru to Svabhāva.
Jāmbavati—wife of Krishṇa.
Kalabhāshiṇi, “Sweet-spoken”—courtesan and musician of Dvaraka. In her previous life, she was a parrot in Sarasvati’s palace in heaven. She is reborn as Madhuralālasa.
Kaḷāpūrṇa, “Full Moon”—king in Aṅgadeśa. Son of Sumukhâsatti and Maṇistambha. Maṇikandhara reborn. Married to Abhinavakaumudi and Madhuralālasa.
Krishṇa—god (Vishṇu) ruling in Dvārakā on the western coast of India.
Lakṣmi—wife of Vishṇu, the supreme god.
Madāśaya “My Heart”—king of Dharmapuri in the Godavari Delta. Devotee of Dattātreya. Promised by Svabhāva at Srisailam that he would conquer all kings except Kaḷāpūrṇa.
Madhuralālasa, “Craving for Sweetness’—Kalabhāshiṇi reborn. Child narrator of the master narrative. Wife of Kaḷāpūrṇa.
Maṇigrīva—son of Kubera, brother of Nalakūbara, cursed by Nārada to become a tree for failing to cover his nakedness.
Maṇikandhara, “Jewel Around his Neck”—gandharva student of Nārada. Master musician and poet, author of the daṇḍaka to Krishṇa and the lakshmī-vishṇu-saṃvāda. Wears the maṇihāra necklace on his neck. Reborn as Kaḷāpūrṇa.
Maṇistambha, “Jeweled Pillar”—magician (Siddha) who brings Kalabhāshiṇi to the Lion-Rider’s temple. Previously Śālīna, a shy man married to Sugātri. “Mother” of Kaḷāpūrṇa.
Nalakūbara—son of Kubera. Most handsome male in the universe. Lover of Rambha.
Nārada—sage who travels between heaven and earth, feeding off quarrels.
Rambha—courtesan of the gods, most beautiful woman in the world.
Rukmiṇi—wife of Krishṇa.
Rūpânubhūti, “Love of Beauty”—wife to Madāśaya. Mother of Madhuralālasa.
Sarasvati—Brahmā’s single-faced wife. Goddess of speech and poetry.
Satyabhāma—wife of Krishṇa.
Satvadātma, “Close to Yourself”—minister of Kaḷāpūrṇa. Previously, Sugraha, king of Maharastra. Falls in love with Maṇistambha in the form of Sumukhâsatti.
Śālīna, “Shy”—husband of Sugātri. Later, Maṇistambha.
Śalyâsura, “Porcupine Demon”—cousin of Mahishāsura, the buffalo demon. Falls in love with Abhinavakaumudi. Killed by Manikandhara. Also known as Crowbar.
Sugātri, “Beautiful Body”—wife of Śālīna. Devotee of the goddess Śārada/ Sarasvati. Later, Sumukhâsatti.
Sugraha, “Good Planets”—king of Maharastra, cursed with amnesia. Later, Satvadātma.
Sumukhâsatti, “Proximity of Beautiful Face”—old woman at the shrine of the Lion-Riding Goddess. Sugātri in her previous life. Wife to Maṇistambha and “father” of Kaḷāpūrṇa.
Svabhāva, “One’s Own Nature”—submarine guru, father of Sugātri. Brings bow, arrows, and gem to Kaḷāpūrṇa at the latter’s birth.
Tumburu—famous musician of the gods. Rival to Nārada.
Vishṇu—god.
Yajaśarma—Brahmin from the Pandya land. Sells his four wives into slavery to pay for feeding Brahmins. Later known as Alaghuvrata.
InDeX OF Names anD TecHnIcaL Terms
Abhinavagupta
Abhinavakaumudi (wife of Kaḷāpūrṇa)
Ādiśeṣa, serpent
Āgamas. See Vedas
Ahalyā
Ahobalam
Alaghuvrata, Malayali Brahmin
allegory
Ananta-śayana (Viṣṇu in Trivandrum). See Padma-nābha
Añcanâcala
Andhra country, Añjaneya (musician)
anna-dāna (gift of food)
Aravīḍu dynasty
artha-śāstra (science of politics)
astrology
Atri (sage)
Ayodhyā
Āyurveda
Bali (demon)
Bakhtin, M. M.
Bāṇa
Barbara king
Bharata (sage)
Bhartṛhari
Bhaṭṭumūrti. See Rāma-rāja-bhūṣaṇa
Bhavabhūti
Bhīma
Boar avatar of Viṣṇu
Brahmā the Creator
breathing, in Yoga meditation
Bṛndāvan
Bukka, of the Aravīḍu dynasty
Caṇḍa-bāhu
Caraka
Cervantes, Miguel de
Chola king
courtesans
daṇḍaka (poem)
Daśaratha
Dasra
Dattâtreya
Dattila
Dhanvantari
Dharmapuri
Dhīra-bhāva (minister to Madāśaya)
dice game
disguise. See doubling
digvijaya (conquest of the world)
displacement, of desire
divination
doubling, of lovers
Draviḍa king
dreams
Durgā
Dvārakā (city)
Dwarf avatar of Viṣṇu
Ekâmranātha (Śiva at Kancipuram)
Ĕṛṛana (Telugu poet)
fate
figuration
food, gift of. See anna-dāna
forgetfulness: of desired object; of self
Gajâsura (the elephant demon)
Ganges
Ganges of the Nether World
Garuḍa-saṃhitā
Gauḍa king
Gautama (sage)
Gaya
gender, exchanged
Ghūrjara king
Godavarī River
Gomukhâsana (Yogic position)
Goka (ancestor of Sūranna)
Haridvāra
Hariścandra
Hindola rāga
Hiraṇyâkṣa
Hūṇas
hunting
hyperbole
Indra (king of the gods)
Indradyumna Lake (at Puri)
Indrajit (son of Rāvaṇa)
Jagannātha. See Puruṣottama
Jaimini
Jāmbavatī
Jambū-dvīpa
Kabandha
Kādambarī (Bāṇa)
Kalabhāṣiṇi (courtesan of Dvārakā)
Kalāpūrṇa (king in Kramukakaṇthottarapura)
Kālidāsa
Kaliṅga king
Kalūri Vyāsa-mūrti
Kāma (god of desire). See Manmatha
Kāmākṣī (goddess of Kañcipuram)
Kāma-rūpa
Kaṇāda
Kāñcipuram
Kapila
Karigirîndra (Viṣṇu in Kancipuram)
Karṇa
Kartavīryârjuna
Kāsārapura
Kashmir
Kāśī
Kāverī River
Kerala
Khara
Kohala
Kosala
Kṛṣṇa
Krishna Rao, G. V.
Kṛṣṇa-deva-rāya (Vijayanagara king)
Kubera (god of wealth)
Kumbhakoṇam
Kuru king
Kurukṣetra
Lakṣmī. See Śrī
language: creates reality; goddess of, see Sarada; Sarasvati; as repetiti
on; and silence
Lion-Rider (goddess in Kerala)
Madāśaya (king of Dharmapuri)
Madhuralālasa (wife of Kaḷapūrṇa)
Madurai
Māgadha
Mahābhārata
Mahiṣâsura (buffalo demon)
Māhurīpura
Māḷava king
Mallikârjuna-svāmi (Śiva at Śrīśailam)
Mandelstam, Osip
maṇi (Kaḷapūrṇa’s gem)
Maṇigrīva (son of Kubera)
maṇihāra necklace
Maṇikandhara
Maṇistambha (a Siddha)
maṇita (love-moan)
Manmatha (god of desire)
Manu, law-book of
Manu-caritramu (Pĕddana)
marking, linguistic
Mataṅga
Mathurā
meaning, in language
meditative states
memory
mirror
Moon, the (Candra)
Mṛgendra-vāhana. See Lion-Rider
music
Nalakūbara (handsome son of Kubera)
naming, linguistic
Nandana (forest in Indra’s heaven)
Nandyāla
Nannaya (Telugu poet)
Nārada
Narasimha Krishna (Sūranna’s patron)
Nārāyaṇa. See also Viṣṇu
novel, distinctive features of
Om
omniscience
Orissa
Padmanabha (Viṣṇu in Trivandrum)
padmâsana (Yogic position)
Pāṇḍya country
paronomasia, bilingual. See śleṣa
parrots
Patañjali
Pĕddana
Peki
playfulness
poetry: improvised; process of composing
Porcupine Demon. See Śalyâsura
Prabhāvatī-pradyumnamu (Sūranna)
Prāgjyotiṣa
prāṇâyāma
Prayāga
purāṇas
Puri. See also Jagannātha
Puruṣottama (Puri in Orissa)
Rāghava-pāṇḍavīyamu (Sūranna)
Raghu-vaṃśa (Kālidāsa)
Rāma
Ramanujan, A. K.
Rāma-rāja-bhūṣaṇa (Vijayanagara court poet)
Rāmāyaṇa
Rambha
Rāmeśvaram
Raṅga-nāyaka (Viṣṇu at Śrīraṅgam)
Rāvaṇa
Reddy, C. R.
reference, in language
repetition
Ṛgveda
Romapāda
Ṛṣyaśṛṅga
Rukmiṇi
Rūpânubhūti (wife of Madāśaya)
sacrifice, human
Śālīna
Śalyâsura (Porcupine Demon)
samādhi
Śambara
Sanskrit
Śāradā. See Sarasvatī
Śāradā-pīṭha (Kashmir)
Sarasa (son of Kaḷāpūrṇa and Madhuralālasa
Sarasvatī (goddess of language)
Sarayū River
Satvadātma (minister to Kaḷāpūrṇa). See Sugraha
Satyabhāmā
Siṃhâcalam
Sītā
Śiva; at Srisailam
Śivarātri (holiday of Śiva)
śleṣa (paronomasia)
Somaśarma (Brahmin in Pāṇḍya country)
sphoṭa
Śrī
Śrīkārmam
Śrīnivāsa (guru of Nandyāla Krishna)
Śrīraṅgam
Śrīśailam
Subāhu
Sugātri
suggestion, poetic
Sugraha (king of Maharastra)
Sugrīva
Śuka (sage)
Śukra (guru to the demons)
Sumukhâsatti. See also Sugatri
Suprasāda (son of Kaḷapūrṇa and Abhinavakaumudi)
Sūranna, Piṅgaḷi, genealogy of
Śūrpaṇakhā
suṣumṇā channel (in Yogic physiology)
Svabhāva (guru and Siddha)
Svastika posture (Yoga)
syntax
talabrālu ritual
Tāmraparṇī River
tapas
Tāṭakā
Telugu
Tikkana (Telugu poet)
time, historicized
Tirumala Tātâcārya
Tirupati
Tortoise avatar of Viṣṇu
Tumburu
Utkala king
Vaikuṇṭha
Vālin
Vālmīki
Vasanta rāga
Vasudeva
Vedas
Vedic school
Veṅkaṭeśa (Viṣṇu in Tirupati)
Vibhīṣaṇa
vina tuning of
Virādha
Viṣṇu; avatars of
Viṣvaksena
Viśvāmitra
Viśvāvasu
Vṛṣasena
Vṛtra
Vyāsa
Yajña-śarma. See Alaghuvrata
Yamunā River
Yoga
Other Works in the Columbia Asian Studies Series
Translations from the Asian Classics
Major Plays of Chikamatsu, tr. Donald Keene 1961
Four Major Plays of Chikamatsu, tr. Donald Keene. Paperback ed. only. 1961; rev. ed. 1997
Records of the Grand Historian of China, translated from the Shih chi of Ssu-ma Ch’ien, tr. Burton Watson, 2 vols. 1961
Instructions for Practical Living and Other Neo-Confucian Writings by Wang Yang-ming, tr. Wing-tsit Chan 1963
Hsün Tzu: Basic Writings, tr. Burton Watson, paperback ed. only. 1963; rev. ed. 1996
Chuang Tzu: Basic Writings, tr. Burton Watson, paperback ed. only. 1964; rev. ed. 1996
The Mahābhārata, tr. Chakravarthi V. Narasimhan. Also in paperback ed. 1965; rev. ed. 1997
The Manyōshū, Nippon Gakujutsu Shinkōkai edition 1965
Su Tung-p’o: Selections from a Sung Dynasty Poet, tr. Burton Watson. Also in paperback ed. 1965
Bhartrihari: Poems, tr. Barbara Stoler Miller. Also in paperback ed. 1967
Basic Writings of Mo Tzu, Hsün Tzu, and Han Fei Tzu, tr. Burton Watson. Also in separate paperback eds. 1967
The Awakening of Faith, Attributed to Aśvaghosha, tr. Yoshito S. Hakeda. Also in paperback ed. 1967
Reflections on Things at Hand: The Neo-Confucian Anthology, comp. Chu Hsi and Lü Tsu-ch’ien, tr. Wing-tsit Chan 1967
The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch, tr. Philip B. Yampolsky. Also in paperback ed. 1967
Essays in Idleness: The Tsurezuregusa of Kenkō, tr. Donald Keene. Also in paperback ed. 1967
The Pillow Book of Sei Shōnagon, tr. Ivan Morris, 2 vols. 1967
Two Plays of Ancient India: The Little Clay Cart and the Minister’s Seal, tr. J. A. B. van Buitenen 1968
The Complete Works of Chuang Tzu, tr. Burton Watson 1968
The Romance of the Western Chamber (Hsi Hsiang chi), tr. S. I. Hsiung. Also in paperback ed. 1968
The Manyōshū, Nippon Gakujutsu Shinkōkai edition. Paperback ed. only. 1969
Records of the Historian: Chapters from the Shih chi of Ssu-ma Ch’ien, tr. Burton Watson. Paperback ed. only. 1969
Cold Mountain: 100 Poems by the T’ang Poet Han-shan, tr. Burton Watson. Also in paperback ed. 1970
Twenty Plays of the Nō Theatre, ed. Donald Keene. Also in paperback ed. 1970
Chūshingura: The Treasury of Loyal Retainers, tr. Donald Keene. Also in paperback ed. 1971; rev. ed. 1997
The Zen Master Hakuin: Selected Writings, tr. Philip B. Yampolsky 1971
Chinese Rhyme-Prose: Poems in the Fu Form from the Han and Six Dynasties Periods, tr. Burton Watson. Also in paperback ed. 1971
Kūkai: Major Works, tr. Yoshito S. Hakeda. Also in paperback ed. 1972
The Old
Man Who Does as He Pleases: Selections from the Poetry and Prose of Lu Yu, tr. Burton Watson 1973
The Lion’s Roar of Queen Śrīmālā, tr. Alex and Hideko Wayman 1974
Courtier and Commoner in Ancient China: Selections from the History of the Former Han by Pan Ku, tr. Burton Watson. Also in paperback ed. 1974
Japanese Literature in Chinese, vol. 1: Poetry and Prose in Chinese by Japanese Writers of the Early Period, tr. Burton Watson 1975
Japanese Literature in Chinese, vol. 2: Poetry and Prose in Chinese by Japanese Writers of the Later Period, tr. Burton Watson 1976
Scripture of the Lotus Blossom of the Fine Dharma, tr. Leon Hurvitz. Also in paperback ed. 1976
Love Song of the Dark Lord: Jayadeva’s Gītagovinda, tr. Barbara Stoler Miller. Also in paperback ed. Cloth ed. includes critical text of the Sanskrit. 1977; rev. ed. 1997
Ryōkan: Zen Monk-Poet of Japan, tr. Burton Watson 1977
Calming the Mind and Discerning the Real: From the Lam rim chen mo of Tsoṇ-kha-pa, tr. Alex Wayman 1978
The Hermit and the Love-Thief: Sanskrit Poems of Bhartrihari and Bilhana, tr. Barbara Stoler Miller 1978
The Lute: Kao Ming’s P’i-p’a chi, tr. Jean Mulligan. Also in paperback ed. 1980
A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa, tr. H. Paul Varley 1980
Among the Flowers: The Hua-chien chi, tr. Lois Fusek 1982
Grass Hill: Poems and Prose by the Japanese Monk Gensei, tr. Burton Watson 1983
Doctors, Diviners, and Magicians of Ancient China: Biographies of Fang-shih, tr. Kenneth J. DeWoskin. Also in paperback ed. 1983
Theater of Memory: The Plays of Kālidāsa, ed. Barbara Stoler Miller. Also in paperback ed. 1984
The Columbia Book of Chinese Poetry: From Early Times to the Thirteenth Century, ed. and tr. Burton Watson. Also in paperback ed. 1984
Poems of Love and War: From the Eight Anthologies and the Ten Long Poems of Classical Tamil, tr. A. K. Ramanujan. Also in paperback ed. 1985
The Bhagavad Gita: Krishna’s Counsel in Time of War, tr. Barbara Stoler Miller 1986
The Columbia Book of Later Chinese Poetry, ed. and tr. Jonathan Chaves. Also in paperback ed. 1986
The Tso Chuan: Selections from China’s Oldest Narrative History, tr. Burton Watson 1989
Waiting for the Wind: Thirty-six Poets of Japan’s Late Medieval Age, tr. Steven Carter 1989
Selected Writings of Nichiren, ed. Philip B. Yampolsky 1990
Saigyō, Poems of a Mountain Home, tr. Burton Watson 1990
The Book of Lieh Tzu: A Classic of the Tao, tr. A. C. Graham. Morningside ed. 1990
The Tale of an Anklet: An Epic of South India—The Cilappatikāram of Iḷaṇkō Aṭikaḷ, tr. R. Parthasarathy 1993
The Sound of the Kiss Page 28