status of in Silla, 13
filial piety, 65, 111, 115
films, feature, 264
financial crisis in Asia, 272–73
“First North-South Division”, 31
First Republic, 226
“Five Bandits”, 236, 240, 241, 242
Five Relationships of Confucianism, 65
Five Traitors of 1905 (lsa ojk), 241
Five-Year Plan, 225, 231
flag, Japanese, 172–73
flag, Korean, 141, 150, 197
folk religion, 3
folk tales, 94, 110, 178
food processing, 169, 187
forced labor, 184
Ford Motor Company, 232
Foreign Minister of Korea, 143
“four guardian deities” (sasin), 9
Four-Seven Debate, 74
France, 119, 193
French invasion of 1866, 125
“From the Sea to the Boys”, 190
Gandhi, 248
“Genealogy of Ten Thousand Lives” (Maninbo), 242
General Sherman, The (merchant ship), 118, 119, 123–25, 127
Generation X, 277
Genghis Khan, 52, 54, 55
geomancy, 34, 37, 45
George Washington, 68
Germany, 43, 279
Gesamtkunstwerk, 113
“Glorious Military” (Kwangmu), 140
“God of the Seas” television series, 30
golf, 276
Government General of Korea, 157, 165
Governor General of Korea, 157, 164
Grand Canal of China, 6
Grand National Party, 276
Grand Study House of the People, 257
great chain of Confucianism, 65
Great Korean Empire, 139, 144, 148
historican significance of, 149
start of, 140
Great Leap Forward, 220
Great Learning, The, 103
Great Wall of China, 6
Greater East Asia Holy War, 183
Gutenberg, Johannes, 43
Haeinsa Temple, 44, 45
Hague, The, 154, 156
Hague Incident, The, 151
Hall of Worthies, 69, 105
“Hallowed Bone” rank, 27
Ham Skhn, 247
Hamhng, 64
Hamhng messengers, 64
Han dynasty of China, 4, 5
Han River, 124–25, 142, 239, 272
Han Srya, 221
Han Yongun, 177
Hangul. See alphabet, Korean
Hangul generation, 246
Harbin, 154
Hawaii, 227
Head Ranks of Silla, 27
Heartless, 190
heavy industry, 187, 214, 220, 239
hemophilia, 46
Henry VIII of England, 92
hereditary social hierarchy, 26–28, 252, 260
hereditary status, 95, 97, 115, 137, 165
High State Council, 67
history in North Korea
fabrication of, 221, 255
ideological use of, 214, 221
History of Kory, 58
History of the Three Kingdoms (Samguk sagi), 14, 16, 20, 23
Kim Pusik as compiler of, 23, 49
H Kyun, 110
H Nansrhn, 79
Hobbling Afternoon, A, 243
Holocaust, 184, 193
Hometown, 181
homogeneity, Korean, 55
Hong Kiltong, Tale of, 110
Hong Kyngnae Rebellion, 49, 120
Hong Myung-Bo, 279
Hong Taeyong, 101
hostage system of Kory, 36
household registers of Unified Silla, 31
household registration system, 135–6, 141, 157, 275
Hngnam, 144
Hwang Chini, 79, 94
Hwang Sgyng, 242–43
Hwangsanbl, Battle of, 16
Hwangsng sinmun newspaper, 148
Hwarang, 17, 19
Hwarang, Chronicles of the, 17–18
hydroelectric power, 220, 251
hygiene, 152, 159, 166, 175
Hyn Ch’ae, 156
Hyn Chin’gn, 180
Hyundai Group, 231, 232, 239, 280
Im Kkkchng, 111
imperial subjects, 183, 188
Imperial System of the Great Korean Empire, 141
imperialism, 119, 123, 125–26, 149, 151, 153
American, 154, 210, 223, 224
arrival of, 123
high imperialism, 139
historical significance of, 119
Japanese, 153, 193
Western, 149
Inch’n, 144, 146
Inchon Landing (1950), 209
Independence Club, 147, 148
Independence Gate, 147
India, 13, 176, 192
industrialization, 166, 184, 187, 192, 232, 240, 251, 271, 274
and conglomerates, 232
export-led, 237
in North Korea, 218, 251
in South Korea, 230, 239
industry, 29, 104, 142, 231, 233
nationalization of in North Korea, 220
infrastructure, 139, 142, 149, 159, 228, 232
in rural areas, 238
Injong, monarch of Koryo, 46–47
interim northern legislature, 216
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 270, 273
Internet, 255, 271, 277
role in 2002 presidential election, 279
interpreters, 96
Italy, 222, 278
Ito Hirobumi, 154
Jaisohn, Philip. See S Chaep’il
Japan, 13, 15, 18, 19, 127, 162, 271
as bogeyman in North Korea, 254
as model of enlightenment, 137
as model for Park Chung Hee, 229
as target of Korean emigration, 186
as vanquished power in the Second World War, 199
Chang Pogo’s influence in, 28
defeat in Second World War, 206
early state formation of, 19
imperialism in, 119
imperialist aims of, 143
invasion of by Mongols and Koreans, 53
Korean exiles to, 158
labor shortages in during Second World War, 189
relationship to ancient Korean kingdoms of, 5
responses to imperialism by, 123
rise as imperialist power, 139
Shogunal system in, 36, 49
trade with Korea of, 24–25
“Japan and Korea as One Body”, 188
Japanese Empire, 174, 192
Japanese invasions of 1592–98, 75, 80–81, 90, 95, 134, 205, 211
impact on Japanese history thereafter, 85
Japanese pirates, 59, 61
Japanese takeover of Korea, 126, 139, 149–60, 241
historical significance of, 151
Jefferson, Thomas, 191
“Jewel in the Palace” (Taejanggm) television series, 277
Joint Commission, 201
journalists, 156, 172, 174
Juche, 126, 213, 215, 218, 224, 258–59
meaning of, 214
historical perspective in, 221
Juche Speech by Kim Il Sung, 213–14, 218, 221
June Declaration of 1987, 262, 268
Jurchen, 38, 46, 47, 186
Kabo Reforms (1894–96), 136–37, 140
fall of, 158
Kaegyng, capital of Kory dynasty, 37, 46
“Kaekchi”, 242
Kaesng, 35, 37, 46, 144, 252
Kaiser uniform, 140
Kang Kyngae, 167
Kanghwa Island, 53, 124, 125
Kanghwa, Treaty of, 123, 127, 132, 144
Kangjin, 29
Kangnng, 77
KAPF (Korean Artists Proletarian Federation), 180
Kapsin Coup of 1884, 132, 147, 205
Kaya, 5
KCIA. See Korean Central Intelligence Agency
Khitan, 38, 39, 44, 186
Khrushchev, Nik
ita, 219
Ki Ch’l, 58
Ki, Empress, 51–52, 56–59
Kija, 4, 47, 63
Kim Ch’unch’u, 16, 62
Kim Chaegyu, 263
Kim Chiha, 236, 237, 240, 242–43, 247
as counterpart to Park Chung Hee, 241
Kim Dae Jung, 247, 255, 263, 268, 269, 274, 279
death of, 280
election to presidency of, 269, 270
Kim Haksu, 124
Kim Hongdo, 114, 115
Kim Il Sung, 50, 198, 199, 221, 224
anti-Japanese guerilla activities of, 185, 193
birthday commemorations for, 256–57
challenges to political power of, 219
claims to legitimacy by, 254
consolidation of political power by, 214, 218
death of, 253
decision to launch Korean War, 207
dependence on Soviet Union of, 224
historical claims regarding family of, 127
political ascendance of, 218
Protestant background of, 216
public support for, 217
Soviet sponsorship of, 216
ties to China, 206
ties to Manchurian guerilla campaigns, 253
Kim Il Sung-ism, 257
Kim Jong Il, 256, 270, 274
birth of, 216
introduction as successor to Kim Il Sung, 253
legitimacy of, 253
Kim Jong Pil, 62
Kim Kidk, 234
Kim Ku, 193, 198, 200, 203
Kim Min-ki, 246
Kim Myngsun, 167
Kim Pusik, 23, 48–49
Kim Sowl, 177
Kim Ujing, 26
Kim Young Sam, 268–69, 272
Kim Yusin, 16, 17, 23, 61, 62
King Sejong the Great, 68–69, 105
kisaeng courtesans, 94–95, 165
Ko n, 242, 247
Kobu county, 130
Kogury, 1, 20, 39, 47
as early name for Kory, 32
attack on Silla by, 16
connections to Parhae of, 31
conquest of by Silla, 31
defeat in unification wars, 17
historical perspectives on, 30
identification of Korea with, 2
origins of, 2
Sillans’ celebration of victory over, 29
Silla’s struggles against, 22
Kojong, monarch of Korea 127, 140, 150, 154, 156, 157, 158, 163
Kongmin, King of Kory, 54, 58
Korea Daily News, 155
Korean Broadcasting System (KBS), 244
Korean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA), 230, 263
Korean Language Society, 177
Korean People’s Republic (KPR), 197, 198–99
Korean Studies, 177
Korean War (1950–53), 136, 145, 192, 196, 203–5, 217, 220–22, 224, 229, 242, 251, 259, 273
as civil war, 206
Chinese entrance in, 210
decision to launch, 218
devastation of North Korea in, 217
Korean term for, 208
North Korean memories of, 254
outbreak of, 207, 217, 224
Korean Wave (Hallyu), 271, 277
Kory dynasty, 11, 33, 35, 43, 51, 66
as successor to Kogury, 39, 49
civilian ascendancy in, 52
dual presence of Buddhism and Confucianism in, 37
end of, 52, 59
founding of, 33
impact of Mongol rule in, 55
impact of Myoch’ng Rebellion in, 42
influence of Buddhism in, 36, 42
official history of, 63
Wang Kn’s influence on, 36
Kublai Khan, 54
Kungye, 34, 35
Kunsan, 144
Kuro Industrial Park, 231
Kwanch’ang, 17
Kwanggaet’o, King of Kogury, 5
Kwangjong, King of Kory, 40
Kwangju, 264, 279
Kwangju Uprising, 262, 264–65, 269, 272
beginning of, 263
significance of in South Korean democratization, 264
Kyn Hwn, 32, 34, 35
Kyngguk taejn (Chosn dynastic code), 76
Kyngju, 20, 24, 26
Kyngsng. See Seoul
Kyngsng Textile Company, 165
labor, 27, 152, 198, 233, 237
in South Korea, 231
mobilization of, 220
wage, 135
labor laws, 240
labor movement, 180, 202, 232
labor unions, 273
labor, forced, 189, 192
laborers, 136, 187, 240, 242, 263, 265
Lady Chang (Chang Hibin), 88, 92, 96
as representative of native customs, 93
background, 96
characterizations of, 91
execution of, 89, 91
giving birth to a son, 91
Lady Yi (mother of Sin Saimdang), 76, 77, 78
“Lament of Wailing”, 156
Land (T’oji), 243
land reform, 204, 217
Latin America, 271
Latter Paekche, 34–35, 38
Latter Three Kingdoms, 33
Lee Myung-bak, 276, 280
legitimacy, political, 18, 21
Lelang Commandery, 4, 6, 47
LG Group, 165, 232, 239
Liao River, 6, 7
Liaodong, 7, 8, 22
liberation from Japanese colonial rule (1945), 136, 160, 163, 184–86, 194, 196–97, 202–04, 217, 223–24, 229, 232, 245, 259
liberation space, 196, 197, 203
literature, 109–10, 116, 166, 175, 179–81, 190, 192, 220, 243, 246
Lotus Lantern Festival, 45
M*A*S*H, 210
Ma Haesong, 191
MacArthur, Douglas, 209
magazines, 166, 174, 175, 176
Maitreya sect of Buddhism, 14
Malgal, 186
Manchu invasions of Korea (1627–36), 86, 95
Manchukuo, 174, 185
Manchuria, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 154, 165, 167, 189, 223
as cauldron of modern Korea, 185, 186
as home of Korean migrants, 186
as homeland of the Jurchen, 85
as Parhae territory, 31
as source of Korean identity, 185
as war prize in 1895, 139
Korean communities in during colonial period, 174
Manchurian guerillas, 219
Manchurian Incident, 174
Manchus, 81, 126, 185, 186
ascent of, 86
conquest of China by, 87, 90, 92, 95
Korean prejudices against, 87, 100
origins of, 86
rise of in aftermath of East Asia War of 1592–98, 85
manufacturing, 101, 103–4, 169, 231, 252
of automobiles, 232
Mao Zedong, 206, 207
as model for Kim Il Sung, 219
marathon, 172, 175, 178
March First Declaration of Independence, 147, 190
thirty three signers of, 163, 171
March First Independence Movement, 161, 164, 167
Marco Polo, 54
Marcos, Ferdinand, 266
marriage, 24, 26, 36, 39, 52, 54–55, 96, 98, 152, 166, 168–69, 275, 277
“Martyrdom of Reverend Thomas” (painting), 124
Masan, 227, 263
mask dance (t’alch’um), 113
Master Zhu’s Family Rituals, 75
materialism, 103
MBC (television network), 245
Meditation school (Sn) of Buddhism, 45
Meiji Japan, 128, 154
Meiji University, 183
merchants, 27, 29, 109, 132, 144, 145
Middle East, 239
Middle Kingdom. See China
Military Academy in Manchuria, 185, 229
military bases, 233
military coup of 1170, 52
military dictatorship, 230
“Mil
itary First” policy of North Korea, 253
military officials, 49, 52, 62, 83, 97
Military Revolutionary Council, 229
Military rule period of Kory, 39, 49, 52
“military rule” period of 1910–19, 162
military service, 73
military, American, 232
military, South Korean, 229, 267
Ming dynasty of China, 57, 58, 61, 62, 63, 80, 205
alliance with Korea against the Japanese, 82–83, 85
fall of, 86–87, 134
minjung literature, 242
minjung movement, 265
miracle, economic, 271
missionaries, 107, 170
expulsion of, 188
mobile phone, 271, 274
modern culture, 176, 190
“modern girl”, 166, 169
modernity, 79, 149, 160, 181
and collaboration, 192
contributions of the Great Korean Empire to, 139
Mokp’o, 144, 247
monarchy, 27, 42, 45, 53, 69, 88
economic projects sponsored by, 141
in North Korea, 256, 260
influence of geomancy in, 46
in Great Korean Empire period, 140
of Chosn, 61
of Koryo, 35
under Mongol domination, 53–54
Mongol influence in Kory, 51, 54
impact on women and family, 55
Mongol invasions, 44
beginnings of, 52, 53
of Japan, 80
Mongol overlord period, 39, 51–59
Mongols, 186
monks, Buddhist, 15, 28–29, 35, 41–43, 45, 46, 47, 109, 113, 242
monuments in North Korea, 255, 256
More, Thomas, 92
Mormon Church, 122
“Morning Dew”, 246
Mun Ikhwan, 247
music, 9, 63, 94, 110, 112–13, 178, 180, 220, 233, 237, 244, 246, 259
Myoch’ng, 41, 42, 46, 48
early life of, 46
support of transfer of Kory capital by, 47
Myoch’ng Rebellion, 42, 49, 50, 120
historical perspectives on, 49
Na Hyesk, 161, 167, 169
as representative figure of the 1920s, 162
historical significance and feminist activities of, 168
paintings of, 168
Naked Tree, The, 243
Name Change Order, 188
Namhae Island, 29
Napoleon, 229
National Assembly of South Korea, 196, 201, 230, 234–35, 241, 263, 280
national division, 31, 196, 198, 203–04, 215, 243, 265
National Library of France, 43
National Security Law, 195, 204
nationalism, 10, 31, 79, 85, 122, 126, 163, 167, 169, 171, 173, 175–77, 180–81, 185, 192, 199, 200, 211, 215, 219, 259
nationalists, 10, 147, 171, 198, 200, 203, 215
nationalists, Chinese, 193, 206
Neighborhood Patriotic Associations, 188
Neo-Confucianism, 65, 69, 103, 107
and northern learning, 101
origins of, 65
Netherlands, 150, 156, 278
“new learning”, 147, 148
New Village Movement, 238
New Village Movement (Saemal undong), 238
“new woman”, 166
A History of Korea Page 34