A History of Korea
Page 35
New Woman magazine, 166
news reports, 174, 178–79, 250
of opening of Seoul-Inch’n Rail Line, 142
newspapers, 138, 147, 155–56, 162, 164, 172–76, 179, 181, 188, 246, 250
1984 (novel), 255
nineteenth century, 49, 95, 108, 110, 112–13, 116, 122, 130, 141, 144, 165, 205
historical perspectives on, 100, 105, 119, 120, 123, 126, 128, 131
Nobel Peace Prize, 274
Nordpolitik, 268
normalization of relations with Japan, 226
normalization Treaty with Japan, 234, 240
North Americans, 170
North Korea, 126, 144, 232
as historical tragedy, 259
difficulties in understanding, 250
formation of government of, 202
historical perspective of Koguryo in, 10
historical perspectives in, 31, 73, 84, 211
historical significance of, 251
legitimation narratives of, 194
perception of Koguryo in, 2
publications regarding, 250
state in, 220
Northeast Asia, 5, 25, 28–31, 81, 86, 132, 137, 139, 148, 153
northern learning school, 100, 102–05, 107
historical significance of, 104
northern regions, 38, 47, 215
discrimination against, 49, 97, 120
local elites of, 97
novels, 94, 110, 116, 167, 175, 179, 243
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, 254
nuclear program of North Korea, 254
O Kyngsk, 125, 127
Observations from the Countryside, 109, 110, 116
occupation by Allied forces, 195–96, 198–201, 203
American, 196, 218
Soviet, 198, 199, 215–216, 224
occupational diversification, 186
Office of Crown Properties, 141
oil shocks, 238
Old Chosn. See Chosn, ancient state of Olympics, 178, 179
Orangk’ae (“barbarian”), 185
Orwell, George, 255
Osan School, 147
Otori Keisuke, 129, 133
p’ansori, 112, 113, 115
P’yngan province, 41
as site of Hong Kyngnae Rebellion, 120
takeover of by Myoch’ng rebellion, 48
Pacific War of 1937–45, 80, 186, 188, 198, 215
Paekche, 5, 6, 11–12, 14, 16, 17–20, 22, 30–31, 34–35
early state formation of, 19
Pagoda Park, 163
Paik Nak-chung, 246
paintings, 72, 102, 110, 124, 220
genre, 113–15
of Na Hyesk, 161, 167–68
tomb, 5, 8–10, 22, 114
Pak Chega, 99, 102, 103, 105–8
Pak Chiwn, 101–03, 108, 119
Pak Hnyng, 218–19
Pak Kyngni, 243
Pak Kyusu, 118–19, 121, 124–25, 127
Pak Se Ri, 276
Pak T’aewn, 179
Pak nsik, 156
palace girls, 93
Parhae, 31, 33, 39
Paris, 167, 169, 257
Park Chung Hee, 62, 185, 241, 247, 262, 276, 280
assassination attempt against, 245
assassination of, 238
background of, 229
coup by, 228, 240
dictatorship of, 235, 237
historical significance of, 228
promotion of Japanese ties by, 234
pursuit of normalization of relations with Japan by, 226
Park Geun-hye, 276
patrilineal lineage system, 65, 78
Peace Under Heaven, 179
peasant unions, 180, 187
people’s committees, 197, 199, 201, 203
People’s Liberation Army of China, 209
“people’s literature”: see minjung literature
personal labor tax, 73
personality cult, 217, 219, 221, 256
petit bourgeois intellectuals, 179
Philippines, 154, 266
physicians, 96, 109
poetry, 28, 56, 94, 102, 110, 116, 167, 177, 190
Pohang Iron and Steel Company (POSCO), 231
Pony (car model), 232
Pphwawn Buddhist temple, 25
popular culture, 23, 87, 93, 97, 115–16, 186, 259, 264–65, 276
Portugal, 278
post-liberation period, 197, 207, 214, 218, 220–21, 252, 259
ppalch’isan, 202
“Practical Learning” (sirhak), 100
Presbyterian Church, 215, 247
primogeniture, 78
printing technologies, 43–44
proletarian literature, 181
proletariat, 181, 187
“Proper Sounds to Educate the People” (Hunmin chngm), 68
Protectorate, Japanese (1905–10), 151–52, 156
Protestant nationalism, 216
Protestant Reformation, 43
Protestantism, 170–71, 216, 247
Provincial Hall, Kwangju, 264
provisional governing council, southern occupation zone, 201
Provisional Government in China, 164, 193, 198
Pueblo, USS, 222–23
Pulguksa Temple, 20
Pusan, 81, 143–45, 263, 272
Pusan Perimeter, 209
P’yongan province, 199
Pyongyang, 4, 6, 7, 8, 41, 46–49, 50, 118–19, 123, 133, 144, 146, 171, 198, 209, 215, 217, 223, 249, 254–55, 258, 274
as center of Korean Protestantism, 171
as home area of Myoch’ng, 46
as hometown of Kim Il Sung, 216
as North Korea’s showcase city, 252
as the Western Capital in Kory, 37, 47
significance in Korean civilization of, 47, 120
Pyongyang Porcelain Company, 146
pyramids of Giza, 258
Qing dynasty, 123, 125, 128, 133, 139
beginnings of, 87
Korean scorn for, 100
Quakers, 247
Queen Inhyn, 90
Queen Min, 133, 137
radio, 178, 181, 197
railways, 145
Rasputin, 46
“Ready-Made Life, A”, 179
realism (literary genre), 180
Rebel Without a Cause, 234
Red Army. See army, Soviet
Red Devils, 278
Red Turban bandits, 57, 59, 61
refugees, 208, 250, 252
regionalism, 39, 121, 215, 264
as expressed in the Ten Injunctions, 34
religion, 3, 9, 13, 15, 19, 36–37, 42, 75, 93, 106, 122, 130, 159, 170, 177, 191
and social change, 170
in the colonial period, 171
influence of during Yusin period, 247
religious leaders, 237
Renaissance, 43
Confucian, 64
Republic of Korea. See South Korea
republicanism, 230
Residency General of Korea, 154, 157–58
Resident General of Korea, 154, 157
Restoration Army, 193, 198
Revival, Great Pyongyang, 171
revolution, North Korean, 208
Rhee, Syngman, 193, 198, 200–1, 203, 207, 240, 263
consolidation of power by, 218
dictatorship of, 227
forced resignation of, 227
presidency of, 226
selection as president by National Assembly, 202
Righteous Army, 84, 127, 155
Rites of Zhou, 63
Robin Hood, 110
Roh Moo-hyun, 279
suicide of, 280
Roh Tae-woo, 261, 267–69
Roman Empire, 4
Romanovs, 46
Royal Household Ministry, 141–42
Royal Library, 102, 105–6
Russia, 46, 139–40, 189, 268
Russian Empire, 156
Russo-Japanese War (1904–5), 143–44, 148, 153, 155
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Ryugyong Hotel, 249, 257–58
Sakhalin Island, 189
Salsu River, Great Battle of (618), 1, 6
Samsung Group, 165, 232, 239
samurai, 191
Sasanggye journal, 240, 246
SCA. See Soviet Central Administration
School of Nature and Principle (Neo-Confucianism), 65
science, 13, 23, 68, 101, 106–7
Second Republic, 227
secondary status groups, 96, 115–16, 125, 165
and Catholicism, 107
as social buffer, 97
secondary status groups – continued
biographical compilations of, 116
discrimination suffered by, 97
emergence of, 96
genealogies of, 116
representation in the Deliberative Assembly of 1894, 136
Sejong the Great, King of Chosn, 68–70, 105
Seoul, 19, 46, 63, 77, 81, 83, 86, 106, 111, 115, 124, 129, 131–33, 138, 142–44, 146, 155, 161, 163, 166–67, 179, 186, 227, 231, 239, 241, 245, 261, 280
as central stage of political contestation after liberation, 199
as target of opposing sides in Korean War, 209
capture of by North Korean army, 208
Seoul Electrical Company, 142
Seoul Spring, 263
Seoul Station, 263
Seoul–Inch’n Rail Line, 138, 142–43
Seoul-Pusan Expressway, 232, 239
serialization of novels, 175, 179
servile laborers (msm), 136
servitude, bound, 26
sexual slavery, 184, 192
shamanism, 3, 15, 37, 45
Shandong Peninsula, 25, 28–30, 133
Shanghai, 164
shipbuilding, 30, 231–32
Shogunate, 123
short-track speed skating, 276
shrines, Shinto, 188
sijo, 116
Silence of the Beloved, 177
Silla, 5–6, 8, 10–30, 34–35, 61, 205
monarchy of, 48
Silla unification, 18, 23
and historical debates, 10
historical perspectives on, 20
Silla-Tang alliance, 10
Silla-Tang War, 12, 17
Simch’ng, Song of, 112
Simch’ng, Tale of, 111–12
Sin Ch’aeho, 49, 155
Sin Chaehyo, 113, 115
Sin Saimdang, 71, 72, 77
artistic accomplishments of, 79
as figure on new South Korean bill, 72
historical significance of, 79
Sin Yunbok, 115
singers, 112, 178
Sino-American détente, 238
Sino-Japanese War (1894–5), 129, 133–34, 205
Siniju, 144, 216
Six Boards, 67
Sixth Republic, 268
slavery, 77, 94, 135–36
comparisons to American form of, 135
government slaves, 135
S Chaep’il, 147
soccer, 222, 278
social Darwinism, 139
social hierarchy, 26–28, 78, 93, 95–96, 101–2, 104, 110, 131, 152, 165
in North Korea, 252–53, 260
social mobility, 98
social status, 26, 94, 96, 97, 102, 109, 115, 117, 134, 148, 189
as embodied in the secondary status groups of Chosn, 96
of Chang Pogo, 26
of women in Kory, 56
social structure, 97, 135, 165
socialism, 110, 180–81, 252
socialist realism, 220
Sl Ch’ong, 15
Soldiers’ Uprising (1882), 205
Son Kijng, 172–73, 175, 178, 181
Sndk, Queen, 12–17, 20–23
legends surrounding, 14, 22
Song dynasty of China, 65, 75
“Song of the Seoul-Pusan Railroad”, 190
Song Pyngjun, 159–60
Song Siyl, 91–92, 95
Songak. See Kaesng
Snjo, King of Chosn, 81–82
South Korea, 2, 18, 30, 45, 67, 78, 84–85, 105, 140, 144, 200, 202, 220, 223–24, 236, 250, 255
as co-host of the 2002 World Cup, 271
economic development of, 185
historical perspectives in, 10, 73
1970s in, 241
occupation by North Korea during Korean War, 208
participation in Vietnam War, 233
path toward industrialization in, 231
relations with China, 212
struggle between students and dictatorships in, 228
Southeast Asia, 232, 272
southwestern region, 38, 131
Soviet Central Administration (SCA), 215
Soviet Union, 196, 199, 206–7, 208, 214, 216, 219
collapse of, 252, 259
establishment of relations with South Korea, 268
place in North Korean historiography, 223
Spain, 148, 270–71, 278
Ssial i sori, 247
ssirm, 9
St. Petersburg, 156
stalemate in Korean War, 210
Stalin, Josef, 207, 217, 219
Stalinism, 184, 219
statecraft, 23, 34, 37, 73–74, 104, 106–7, 119, 128, 140
stock market, 272
streetcars, 141–42, 145, 149
student movements, 261
student protests, 225, 227–28, 234, 267
student soldiers, 183
students, 15, 128, 163, 166, 230, 237, 241, 263, 265
in Japan, 183, 191
subway, 239, 245, 272
Sui dynasty of China, 1, 6–8
Sukchong, King of Choson, 88–92, 105
Summer Olympics of 1988, 249, 257, 262, 266, 268
summit meeting, 274
summit of North-South leaders (2000), 255, 270
Sunshine Policy, 274, 280
Supreme Commander for the Pacification of P’yngan Province, 48
Supreme National Reconstruction Committee, 229
T’aebaek Mountains, 203, 243
T’aejo, King of Kory (Wang Kn), 35, 48
T’oegye (Yi Hwang), 74, 90
Taedong River, 118, 123, 223, 256
Taegu, 45, 202, 272
Taehan min’guk, 140
Taejn, 144
Taekwondo, 276
Taewi, Empire of, 48
Taewn’gun (Prince Regent), 125–26, 130, 132
Taiping, 122
Taiwan, 139, 206
“Tale of H Saeng”, 102
Tales of the Three Kingdoms (Samguk yusa), 14
“Tale of the Yangban”, 102
Tan’gun, 2, 3, 4, 47
Tang dynasty of China, 8, 10, 12–13, 15–17, 22–23, 27–28, 205
Tasan. See Chng Yagyong
taxes, 27, 73, 130
technology, 4, 23, 45, 86, 128, 139, 142, 149, 178, 226, 233, 239
telegraph, 133, 141, 145
teleology, 18
telephone, 141, 178
television, 30, 89, 105, 244–45, 250
Temples, Buddhist, 14, 20, 25, 28–29, 36, 42–46, 67, 167
Ten Injunctions, 33–34, 36–39, 42, 45
Ten-Point Policy Recommendation of Ch’oe Ch’iwn, 28
textiles, 169, 187
Textual school (kyo) of Buddhism, 45
The Independent newspaper, 147–48
theater, 113, 178, 180, 220
386 generation, 265, 277
Three Kingdoms, 11, 14–15, 17–18, 22, 37
historical perspectives on, 31
three secret envoys (1907), 151
Tibet, 13
“To Muni Village”, 242
Tokugawa era of Japan, 86, 123
Tokugawa Ieyasu, 86
Tokyo, 163, 178, 183
tomb paintings of Kogury, 5, 8, 22, 113
Tonga ilbo newspaper, 164, 172, 175, 178–79
Tonghak religion, 122, 128
Tonghak uprising, 129–31, 133, 137, 205
Tongna
e, 81
Tosn, 46
“total mobilization”, 189
totalitarianism, 188
tourism, 252
Tower of the Juche Idea, 257
Toyotomi Hideyoshi, 82–83, 85
trade, 18, 25, 27, 29–30, 101, 103–4, 118, 123, 127, 144–45, 253
during Unified Silla era, 30
status of in early Chosn, 74
Treaty, Protectorate, 151, 154–57
tribute women, 52, 56
Tripitika Koreana, 44
True Bone rank, 27
trusteeship, 195, 199
Tsar, 156
“Tuman River, Full of Tears”, 177
Turkey, 279
turtle boats, 82
tycoons, 146, 232, 241, 272
iju, 143
“isan Mountain Dialogue”, 101
lchi Mundk, 7
Ulsan, 231–32
underclass, 167, 243
unification wars, 19
Unified Silla kingdom, 11, 22, 24, 33, 39, 43, 45
demise of, 31
historical perspectives on, 30–31
merchants of, 29
United Nations, 201, 206, 209
United States, 206–7, 211
as bogeyman in North Korea, 254
auto market of, 232
cultural influence of, 233
declaration of defense perimeter by (1950), 207
economic aid to South Korea, 233
response to the Pueblo Incident by, 222
South Korean alliance with, 279
South Korean association with, 233
Uphold Orthodoxy and Reject Heterodoxy movement, 126–27
urbanization, 136, 165–66, 186, 192, 274
USAMGIK (United States Army Military Government in Korea), 200–1, 203
“utility for the greater good” (iyong husaeng), 100, 103
uxorilocalism, 22
vernacular, 44, 93–94, 110, 112, 116, 147, 177
Versailles, 163
Vichy, 193
Vietnam War, 233, 242
wagons, 9, 103
Wando, 25
Wang Kn, 35–36. See also T’aejo
war captives, 86
War of 1812, 191
wartime mobilization, 175, 184, 192, 197, 226
beginnings, 187
economic deprivations of, 189
widows, 95, 134
women. See females
women’s magazines, 166
women’s organizations, 72, 79, 275
won (South Korean currency), 272
Wn Kyun, 82–83
Wnhyo, 15
Wnsan, 144
Wnsul, 17
working class, 240
World Cup Finals (2002), 271, 222, 278–79
World Cup match of 1966, 278
World Peace Conference, The Hague, 150–56
World War, First, 162
World War, Second, 184, 196, 203, 206
Yalu River, 8, 216
Yang Hee-Un, 246
yangban, 49, 102–3
Yi Chagym rebellion, 47
Yi family inheritance testament, 76, 78
Yi Hangno, 126
Yi Kwangsu, 184, 190
Yi Nnghwa, 177
Yi Pangsk, 63
Yi Pangwn, 60, 62, 64–65, 67