by Roberto Olla
29. MAR, pp. 152–53.
30. MCE, p. 137.
31. MP, p. 75.
32. Reichardt, Sven, Camicie nere, camicie brune (Milan: Il Mulino, 2009), pp. 66–67.
33. MF, p. 390.
CHAPTER 13
1. MAR, p. 191.
2. MCE, p. 184.
3. MSA, pp. 172–73.
4. Ib. p. 159.
5. MCE, pp. 142–43.
6. CES, p. 36.
7. Ib. p. 34.
8. DUX, p. 295.
9. Ib. p. 295.
10. Ib. p. 294.
11. Ib. p. 294.
12. CHI, p. 17.
13. CES, p. 51.
14. Il Popolo d’Italia, No. 234, 30th September 1923.
15. DUX, p. 253.
16. MS, p. 397.
17. MCE, p. 207.
18. Maurano, Silvio, ‘Mussolini e il re mio padre’, interview with Umberto II of Savoy, Settimana INCOM, 1959.
19. CM, p. 96.
20. MSC, p. 65.
CHAPTER 14
1. FAU, pp. 95–6.
2. Rossi, Gianni Scipione, ‘Alice, la donna segreta di Mussolini’ (2009), www.storiainrete.com
3. MSC, p. 9.
4. MS, p. 394.
5. DD, pp. 40–1.
6. MS, pp. 104–5.
7. DEL, p. 100.
8. Ib. p. 112.
9. Ib. p. 275.
10. Ib. p. 253.
11. Tompkins, Peter, Dalle carte segrete del duce (Milan: Il Saggiatore, 2004), p. 115.
12. MF, p. 645.
13. Maurano, Silvio, ‘Mussolini e il re mio padre’, interview with Umberto II of Savoy, Settimana INCOM, 1959.
14. OMN, XXI, p. 235.
15. FAU, pp. 90–1.
16. MCE, p. 209.
17. MP, p. 84.
18. MS, p. 406.
19. MSA, p. 161.
20. Ib. p. 163.
21. De Begnac, Yvon, Palazzo Venezia: storia di un regime (Rome: La Rocca, 1950), p. 353.
22. CAM, p. 22.
23. DD, p. 24.
24. MP, p. 110.
25. CAM, pp. 150–51.
26. DD, p. 25.
27. DUX, pp. 299–300.
CHAPTER 15
1. DD, p. 27.
2. Ib. p. 27.
3. MSAD, pp. 266–67.
4. RAZ, p. 357.
5. DD, p. 38.
6. MS, p. 67.
7. Ib. pp. 78–79.
8. MPB, p. 139.
9. Il Popolo d’Italia, No. 264, 6th November 1925.
10. DD, p. 39.
11. Vita di Arnaldo (1932), OMN, XXXIV, p. 175.
12. FSD, p. 56.
13. Ib. p. 60.
14. MF, p. 210.
15. Ib. p. 381.
16. Mussolini, Benito, Storia di un anno (Milan: Mondadori, 1944), p. 176.
17. COM, p. 47.
18. OMN, XXII, p. 82.
19. DD, p. 29.
20. Ib. p. 30.
21. Ib. pp. 31–2.
22. MS, pp. 285–86.
23. DD, p. 44.
24. Ib. p. 34.
25. MS, p. 333.
26. RAZ, p. 349.
27. MCE, p. 176.
28. Vita di Arnaldo (1932), OMN, XXXIV, p. 163.
29. CHI, pp. 18–19.
30. MF, p. 482.
31. COM, pp. 18–19.
32. MSC, p. 174.
33. Pensieri Pontini e Sardi, OMN, XXXIV, p. 296.
34. DUX, p. 308.
35. OMN, XXVIII, pp. 204–5.
CHAPTER 16
1. CM, p. xlvii.
2. MF, p. 32.
3. MPB, p. 152.
4. Festorazzi, Roberto, La pianista del duce (Milan: Simonelli, 2000), pp. 10–14.
5. CM, p. 208.
6. ADC, p. 28.
7. Ib. p. 19.
8. DD, p. 28.
9. MS, pp. 375–76.
10. DD, p. 48.
11. MS, p. 466.
12. Ib. p. 442.
13. FAU, p. 81.
14. CAM, p. 85.
15. RAZ, p. 355.
16. CM, p. 72.
17. RAZ, p. 359.
18. Ib. pp. 363–64.
19. MP, p. 123.
20. OMN, XXVIII, p. 87.
21. CM, p. 131.
22. Parlo con Bruno, OMN, XXXIV, p. 209.
23. OMN, XXVIII, pp. 297–98.
24. MFB, p. 122.
25. Ib. p. 123.
26. Guerri, Giordano Bruno, Un amore fascista. Benito, Edda e Galeazzo. (Milan: Mondadori, 2005), p. 66.
27. Vita di Arnaldo (1932), OMN, XXXIV, p. 169.
28. ADC, p. 303.
CHAPTER 17
1. CAM, p. 143.
2. MP, p. 87.
3. Novero, Giuseppe, Mussolini e il generale (Soveria Mannelli: Rubbettino, 2009), p. 100.
4. MS, p. 319.
5. MS, p. 268.
6. Pensieri Pontini e Sardi, OMN, XXXIV, p. 294.
7. CAM, p. 95.
8. Ib. p. 125.
9. MTQ, p. 130.
10. FAU, p. 321.
11. MP, p. 141.
12. ST, p. 540.
13. OMN, XXVIII, p. 137.
14. MAS, p. 12.
15. LOV.
16. Ib.
17. Ib.
18. Ib.
19. Ib.
20. Ib.
21. OMN, I, Introduzione.
22. OMN, XXVIII, pp. 265–66 and 312–21.
23. MAS, p. 43–44.
24. MS, p. 102.
25. OMN, XXVIII, p. 88.
26. MCE, p. 236.
27. MS, p. 352.
28. MSAD, p. 275.
29. MSA, p. 206.
30. FAU, p. 369.
31. MS, p. 443.
32. De Felice, Renzo, Intervista sul fascismo, (Bari: Laterza, 1975), p. 12.
33. MP, p. 5.
34. MS, p. 249.
35. Ib. p. 80.
36. FAU, p. 361.
37. OMN, XXVIII, p. 245.
38. Ib. p. 251.
39. Ib. p. 253.
40. MS, p. 331.
APPENDIX 1
1. My Life. Youth, op. cit., p. 118.
2. CM, p. 64.
3. PF, p. 219.
4. Ib. p. 63.
5. Ib. p. 55.
6. Ib. p. 83.
7. Ib. p. 183.
8. Ib. p. 96.
9. Ib. p. 93.
10. Ib. p. 152.
11. Combat Film. Inediti Italiani, home video (Rome: Rai Eri and Bramante, 1995).
12. PF, pp. 146–47.
13. Ib. p. 147.
14. Ib. pp. 146–47.
15. Ib. p. 83.
16. Gadda, Carlo Emilio, Quer pasticciaccio brutto de via Merulana (Milan: Garzanti, 2005), p. 44.
17. MS, p. 172.
18. Luzzato, Sergio, Il corpo del Duce (Turin: Einaudi, 1998), p. 17.
19. CM, p. 213.
20. Vita di Arnaldo (1932), OMN, XXXIV, p. 190.
21. Pensieri Pontini e Sardi, OMN, XXXIV, p. 285.
22. MP, p. 246.
23. Alleati (docufilm), Rai Tre, Rome, 1999.
Index
PAGE NUMBERS IN BOLD REFER TO RELEVANT ENTRIES IN APPENDIX 2, KEY FIGURES
A., Giovannina (girl whom Mussolini claimed had fallen in love with him): ref 1
Acerbo, Giacomo (Fascist leader): ref 1, ref 2
Acerbo law: ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
AGIP (oil company): ref 1, ref 2
Aimone, Prince of Savoy-Aosta (Duke of Aosta): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Albert, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII): ref 1
Albertini, Alberto (journalist, brother of Luigi Albertini): ref 1, ref 2
Albertini, Luigi (editor of Corriere della Sera and politician): ref 1, ref 2
Alessi, Rino (journalist and Mussolini’s friend): ref 1, ref 2
Alexander I, King of Yugoslavia: ref 1, ref 2
Alfieri, Dino (Fascist leader): ref 1, ref 2
Alighieri, Dante (poet): ref 1, ref 2
&
nbsp; Alleanza Nazionale (political party): ref 1
Allevi, Giovanni (doctor): ref 1
Alness, Miss (Mussolini’s friend during his stay in Switzerland): ref 1, ref 2
Amedeo, Prince of Savoy-Aosta (Duke of Aosta): ref 1, ref 2
Amendola, Giorgio (politician, son of Giovanni Amendola): ref 1
Amendola, Giovanni (journalist and anti-Fascist politician): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Andrew, Christopher (historian): ref 1
Defence of the Realm: ref 1
Anglo-Persian (oil company): ref 1
Ansaldo (engineering company): ref 1
Anschluss: ref 1
Aosta, Duke of, see Aimone, Prince
Arditi: ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13
Arditi del Popolo: ref 1
Arendt, Hannah (political theorist): ref 1
Armistice: ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Arnold, Martin J. (lawyer): ref 1
Arnold & Robertson (solicitors): ref 1
Assemblea Costituente della Repubblica Italiana (government body set up to draw the new Italian constitution after the war): ref 1, ref 2
Associazione Nazionalista Italiana, see Italian Nationalist Association
Assumma, Giorgio (President of SIAE): ref 1, ref 2
Atamanenko, Igor (Soviet intelligence officer): ref 1
What the Lubyanka Never Revealed: ref 1
Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal (Turkish revolutionary): ref 1
Audisio, Walter (partisan alleged to have executed Mussolini): ref 1, ref 2
Augustus (emperor): ref 1
Avanguardia socialista (newspaper): ref 1, ref 2
Avanguardisti (Fascist youth movement): ref 1
Avanti! (newspaper): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17, ref 18, ref 19, ref 20, ref 21, ref 22, ref 23, ref 24, ref 25, ref 26, ref 27, ref 28, ref 29, ref 30
Avezzana, Baron Romano: ref 1
Avvenire del lavoratore (newspaper): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Azione Cattolica (Catholic youth organization): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
B., Virginia (girl raped by Mussolini): ref 1, ref 2
Babeuf, Gracchus (French political agitator): ref 1
Baccara, Jolanda (younger sister of Luisa Baccara): ref 1
Baccara, Luisa (D’Annunzio’s mistress): ref 1
Badoglio, General Pietro (soldier and politician): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Bakunin, Mikhail (revolutionary): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Balabanoff, Angelica (Mussolini’s mistress): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12, ref 13, ref 14, ref 15, ref 16, ref 17
Lenin visto da vicino: ref 1
Traditore Mussolini, Il: ref 1, ref 2
Balbo, Italo (Fascist leader, one of the four quadrumviri): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8
Balilla (Fascist youth movement): ref 1, ref 2
Balzan, Eugenio (managing director of Corriere della Sera): ref 1
Barbato, Nicola (psychiatrist and socialist leader): ref 1, ref 2
Bardi, Pietro Maria (artist): ref 1
Barker, Nicolas (graphologist): ref 1
Barzilai, Salvatore (professor of criminology): ref 1, ref 2
Baseggio, Cristoforo (army officer): ref 1
Basso, Colonel (Mussolini’s second in one of his duels): ref 1
Bastianelli, Giuseppe (physician): ref 1
Bastianelli, Raffaele (physician): ref 1
Bastiani, Ippolito (socialist): ref 1
Bastianini, Giuseppe (politician and diplomat): ref 1, ref 2
Battisti, Cesare (socialist leader): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9
Battle of Caporetto: ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Battle of Vittorio Veneto: ref 1, ref 2
Bava Beccaris, Fiorenzo (army general): ref 1
Belloni (police officer): ref 1
Benizio, Don (character in Mussolini’s novel The Cardinal’s Mistress): ref 1
Benso, Camillo, Conte di Cavour (politician): ref 1
Berardi, Father (priest): ref 1
Berlusconi, Silvio (Italian politician and Prime Minister): ref 1, ref 2
Berman, Morris (cameraman): ref 1
Bernardi, Benito Albino, see Dalser, Benito Albino
Bernardi, Giulio (foster father of Benito Albino Dalser): ref 1
Bernini, Gian Lorenzo (sculptor and architect): ref 1
Berti, Cesare (socialist revolutionary): ref 1, ref 2
Bertoglio (company): ref 1
Bertoldi, Silvio (journalist): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Beruto, Giuseppe (army officer): ref 1
Bianchi, Michele (journalist, syndicalist and Fascist leader, one of the four quadrumviri): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Binda, Dr (doctor to the Mussolini family): ref 1
Bissolati, Leonida (socialist leader): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Blanqui, Louise Auguste (political thinker): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Bobbio, Norberto (philosopher and historian): ref 1
Bocca, Graziosa (girl with whom Mussolini had an affair while he was in Tolmezzo): ref 1
Bombacci, Nicola (politician): ref 1
Bonaparte, Napoleon (Emperor of France): ref 1, ref 2
Bondanini, Don Colombo (priest and brother-in-law of Arnaldo Mussolini): ref 1
Bonomi, Ivanoe (socialist leader): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Boratto, Ercole (Mussolini’s chauffeur): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9
Borghese, Il (magazine): ref 1
Borghese, Junio Valerio (commander of Decima Mas): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Borgo, Michele (husband of Magda Brard): ref 1
Borgo, Vanna (daughter of Magda Brard): ref 1
Boris III, Tsar of Bulgaria: ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Bottai, Giuseppe (Fascist leader): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Brambilla Carminati, Marchesa Giulia (Mussolini’s mistress): ref 1
Brard, Magda (pianist and Mussolini’s mistress): ref 1, ref 2
Braun, Eva (Hitler’s mistress): ref 1
Bresci, Gaetano (anarchist): ref 1, ref 2
Brivonesi, Admiral Bruno (chief naval commander in Sardinia): ref 1, ref 2
Brock (one of the Mussolinis’ dogs): ref 1
Bruno, Giordano (philosopher): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Buffarini Guidi, Guido (Fascist leader): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Buffoni, Vittorio (notary): ref 1
Buonarroti, Filippo (revolutionary): ref 1, ref 2
Buozzi, Bruno (politician and unions’ leader): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
C., Emilia (woman with whom Mussolini had an affair in Switzerland): ref 1
Čabrinovic, Nedeljko (Serbian revolutionary): ref 1
Cachin, Marcel (French socialist leader): ref 1
Cadorna, General Luigi, (army general): ref 1
Caesar, Gaius Julius (Roman general and statesman): ref 1, ref 2
Caetani, Prince Gelasio (Italian Ambassador in Washington): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Cafiero, Carlo (anarchist): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Caillaux, Joseph (politician): ref 1
Caldara, Emilio (socialist politician, mayor of Milan): ref 1, ref 2
Caleffi, Colonel Camillo (officer): ref 1
Calipso (pseudonym used by the unknown author of the 1944 book Mussolini’s Secret Life): ref 1
Campo di maggio (play written by Mussolini and Giovacchino Forzano): ref 1
Canali, Mauro (historian): ref 1, ref 2
Canalini, Armando (Fascist leader): ref 1
Candiani (director of Fascio delle Associazioni Patriottiche): ref 1
Cantucci, Count (senator): ref 1
Caporetto (Kobarid), small town in Slovenia: ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Car
dinal’s Lover, The, see Mussolini, Benito, works: Claudia Particella, ossia L’amante del Cardinale
Carducci, Giosuè (poet): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Carducci, Valfredo (brother of Giosuè Carducci): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Carnazza, Gabriello (Fascist leader and minister): ref 1
Carnera, Primo (boxing champion): ref 1, ref 2
Carocci, Cesira (Mussolini’s housekeeper): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
Carrà, Carlo (Futurist painter): ref 1
Castellani, Professor Aldo (physician and senator): ref 1
Castro, Fidel (Cuban revolutionary and politician): ref 1, ref 2
Caterina (girl courted by Mussolini): ref 1
Catholic Action, see Azione Cattolica
Cavallotti, Felice (poet, playwright and garibaldino): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Ceccato, Bianca (Mussolini’s mistress): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Celentano, Adriano (singer): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Cellere, Countess (Giulia Capranica del Grillo): ref 1
Cereghino, Mario (historian): ref 1
Cesare (play written by Mussolini and Giovacchino Forzano): ref 1
Cesarò, Enrico (Grand Master of the Gran Loggia Mista d’Italia): ref 1
Chaplin, Charlie (comedian): ref 1
Charlot (one of the Mussolinis’ dogs): ref 1
Cheka (Fascist organization named after the Bolshevik secret police): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Chelodi, Don (priest who wrote an article attacking Mussolini): ref 1
Chiadini, Signora (Rachele Mussolini’s employer): ref 1
Chiadinis (family for whom Rachele Mussolini worked): ref 1
Child, R.W. (American ambassador to Italy): ref 1
Chirico, Aldo (podestà of La Maddalena): ref 1
Chirico, Colonel Ettore (cousin of Aldo Chirico): ref 1
Christian Democrats, see Democrazia Cristiana
Churchill, Winston (politician and statesman): ref 1
Ciano, Arturo (brother of Costanzo Ciano): ref 1
Ciano, Count Costanzo (naval officer, Fascist leader, father of Galeazzo Ciano): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Ciano, Count Galeazzo (Fascist leader and Mussolini’s son-in-law): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
Ciardi, Livio (syndicalist): ref 1
Ciccotti-Scozzese, Francesco (journalist and politician): ref 1
Cione, Edmondo (journalist): ref 1
Cipriani, Amilcare (anarchist and revolutionary): ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Clerici, Ugo (revolutionary socialist and Fascist leader): ref 1, ref 2
Coen Luzzato, Irene (mother of Fiorello La Guardia): ref 1
Cohn, Emil, see Ludwig, Emil
Colletti, Lucio (politician and philosopher): ref 1