http://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/diversity/african-americans-in-the-navy/african-american-submariners-in-the-us-navy.html
Descriptions of Submarine Classes
http://www.navsource.org/archives/08/tnsubs.htm
History of the Canopus by Captain E. L. Sackett
http://as9.larryshomeport.com/html/history.html
History of the USS Squalus
http://www.navalhistory.org/2014/05/23/remembering-the-uss-squalus-75-years-later
List of Submarines in World War II
http://www.fleetsubmarine.com/sublist.html
Naval History and Heritage Command Website
http://www.history.navy.mil/
Understanding WWII Submarine Propulsion Systems
http://www.fleetsubmarine.com/propulsion.html
United States Navy
http://www.navy.mil/
USS Tang
National WWII Museum
http://www.nationalww2museum.org/see-hear/collections/focus-on/the-uss-tang.html
MORE ABOUT THE USS WAHOO
Interview with Forest J. Sterling, Yeoman on the Wahoo
http://archive.defense.gov/specials/heroes/sterling.html
The map made of Wewak Harbor by the crew of the Wahoo
http://www.warfish.com/gaz_wewak-map.html
The Wahoo-Buyo Maru controversy
http://www.warfish.com/patrol3con.html
Discovery of Wahoo
http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=26378
http://www.bowfin.org/uss-wahoo-ss-238
ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR
Pearl Harbor Raid
Naval History and Heritage Command
http://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/wars-conflicts-and-operations/world-war-ii/pearl-harbor-raid.html
Submarines at Pearl Harbor during the attack
USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park
http://www.bowfin.org/december-7-1941
Infamy: December 1941
National WWII Museum
This online exhibition includes images, oral histories, and radio broadcasts from the first month of America’s involvement in World War II.
http://infamydecember1941.org/philippines.html
USS Arizona Memorial Virtual Tour
National Park Service
http://home.nps.gov/valr/learn/photosmultimedia/uss-arizona-memorial-virtual-tour.htm
GENERAL RESOURCES ON WORLD WAR II
The Bataan Campaign
https://bataancampaign.wordpress.com/author/371fg/page/4/
Loss of Sealion at Cavite, December 1941
http://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/u/united-states-submarine-losses/sealion-ss-195.html
BOOKS
Alden, John D. The Fleet Submarine in the U.S. Navy: A Design and Construction History. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1979.
——— and Craig R. McDonald. United States and Allied Submarine Successes in the Pacific and Far East during World War II. 4th ed. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2009.
Beach, Edward L. Salt and Steel: Reflections of a Submariner. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1999.
———. Submarine!: The Classic Account of Undersea Combat in World War II. New York: Holt, 1952; Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2003. Citations and page numbers refer to the Naval Institute Press edition.
Blair, Clay, Jr. Silent Victory: The U.S. Submarine War against Japan. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1975; Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2001. Citations and page references refer to the Naval Institute Press edition.
Brinkley, Douglas, and David Rubel, eds. World War II: The Axis Assault, 1939–1942. New York: Times Books, 2003.
Bureau of Naval Personnel, Standards and Curriculum Division Training. The Fleet Type Submarine. Reproduction of June 1946 training manual as The Silent Service in WWII: The Fleet Type Submarine by Periscope Film. Print on demand, May 13, 2015. http://periscopefilm.com/the-fleet-type-submarine
Calvert, James F. Silent Running: My Years on a World War II Attack Submarine. New York: John Wiley, 1995.
Campbell, Douglas A. Eight Survived: The Harrowing Story of the USS Flier and the Only Downed World War II Submariners to Survive and Evade Capture. Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2010.
Chambliss, William C. The Silent Service. New York: New American Library, 1959.
Christley, Jim, with illustrations by Tony Bryan. US Submarines 1941–45. Oxford: Osprey, 2006.
Conner, Claude C. Nothing Friendly in the Vicinity: My Patrols on the Submarine USS Guardfish during WWII. Annapolis, MD: Bluejacket Books, Naval Institute Press, 1999.
DeRose, James F. Unrestricted Warfare: How a New Breed of Officers Led the Submarine Force to Victory in World War II. New York: John Wiley, 2000.
Enright, Joseph E., with James W. Ryan. Shinano! The Sinking of Japan’s Secret Supership. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1987.
Finch, Edward W. Beneath the Waves: The Life and Navy of Capt. Edward L. Beach Jr. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2010.
Fluckey, Eugene B. Thunder Below! The USS Barb Revolutionizes Submarine Warfare in World War II. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1992.
Frank, Gerold, and James D. Horan, with Joseph M. Eckberg. U.S.S. Seawolf: Submarine Raider of the Pacific. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1945.
Friedman, Norman. U.S. Submarines through 1945: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1995.
Galantin, I. J. Take Her Deep!: A Submarine against Japan in World War II. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin, 1987.
Grider, George, with Lydel Sims. War Fish. New York: Pyramid Books, 1959.
Hoehling, A. A., ed. They Fought under the Sea. Derby, CT: Monarch Books, 1963.
Holmes, Wilfred Jay. Undersea Victory: The Influence of Submarine Operations on the War in the Pacific. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1966.
Jackson, Stephen Leal. The Men: American Enlisted Submariners in World War II; Why They Joined, Why They Fought, and Why They Won. Indianapolis, IN: Dog Ear Publishing, 2010.
Jopling, Lucy Wilson. Warrior in White. San Antonio: Watercress Press, 1990.
Keith, Don. Final Patrol: True Stories of World War II Submarines. New York: NAL Caliber, 2006.
———. Undersea Warrior: The World War II Story of “Mush” Morton and the USS Wahoo. New York: NAL Caliber, 2011.
———. War beneath the Waves: A True Story of Courage and Leadership Aboard a World War II Submarine. New York: NAL Caliber, 2010.
Kershaw, Alex. Escape from the Deep: The Epic Story of a Legendary Submarine and Her Courageous Crew. Philadelphia: Da Capo Press, 2008.
Knoblock, Glenn A. Black Submariners in the United States Navy, 1940–1975. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2005.
La Forte, Robert W., and Ronald E. Marcello, eds. Remembering Pearl Harbor: Eyewitness Accounts by U.S. Military Men and Women. Wilmington, DE: SR Books, 1991.
LaVO, Carl. Back from the Deep: The Strange Story of the Sister Subs Squalus and Sculpin. Annapolis, MD: Bluejacket Books, Naval Institute Press, 1994.
Layton, Edwin T., with Roger Pineau and John Costello. “And I Was There”: Pearl Harbor and Midway—Breaking the Secrets. New York: William Morrow, 1985.
Lockwood, Charles A. Sink ’Em All: Submarine Warfare in the Pacific. New York: Dutton, 1951.
Marcello, Robert E. “Interview with Martin Matthews.” Denton, TX: North Texas State University, Oral History Collection, Number 430, 1978.
Marston, Daniel, ed. The Pacific War: From Pearl Harbor to Hiroshima. Oxford: Osprey, 2005.
McCullough, Jonathan J. A Tale of Two Subs: An Untold Story of World War II, Two Sister Ships, and Extraordinary Heroism. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 2008.
Mendenhall, Corwin. Submarine Diary: The Silent Stalking of Japan. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 1991; Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1995. Citations and page references refer to the Naval Institute Press edition.
> Monahan, Evelyn M., and Rosemary Neidel-Greenlee. And If I Perish: Frontline U.S. Army Nurses in World War II. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2003.
Monroe-Jones, Edward, and Michael Green, eds. The Silent Service in World War II: The Story of the U.S. Navy Submarine Force in the Words of the Men Who Lived It. Havertown, PA: Casemate, 2012.
Moore, Stephen L. Presumed Lost: The Incredible Ordeal of America’s Submarine POWs during the Pacific War. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2009.
———. Spadefish: On Patrol with a Top-Scoring World War II Submarine. Dallas: Atriad Press, 2006.
Morison, Samuel Eliot. The Two-Ocean War: A Short History of the United States Navy in the Second World War. Boston: Little, Brown, 1963.
Morris, Eric. Corregidor: The End of the Line. New York: Stein and Day, 1981.
Norman, Elizabeth M. We Band of Angels: The Untold Story of the American Women Trapped on Bataan. New York: Random House, 1999.
O’Kane, Richard H. Clear the Bridge!: The War Patrols of the U.S.S. Tang. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1977.
———. Wahoo: The Patrols of America’s Most Famous WWII Submarine. Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1987.
Padfield, Peter. War beneath the Sea: Submarine Conflict during World War II. New York: John Wiley, 1995.
Prange, Gordon W. At Dawn We Slept: The Untold Story of Pearl Harbor. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1981.
Raymer, Edward C. Descent into Darkness: Pearl Harbor, 1941: A Navy Diver’s Memoir. Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1996.
Roscoe, Theodore. United States Submarine Operations in World War II. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1949. Citations from the ninth printing, 1972.
——— and Richard G. Voge. Pig Boats: The True Story of the Fighting Submariners of World War II. New York: Bantam Books, 1958.
Ruhe, William J. War in the Boats: My WWII Submarine Battles. Washington, DC: Brassey’s, 1994.
Ruiz, Kenneth C., with John R. Bruning. The Luck of the Draw: The Memoir of a World War II Submariner from Savo Island to the Silent Service. St. Paul, MN: Zenith Press, 2005.
Russell, Dale. Hell Above, Deep Water Below. Tillamook, OR: Bayocean Enterprises, 1995.
Sasgen, Peter. Hellcats: The Epic Story of World War II’s Most Daring Submarine Raid. New York: NAL Caliber, 2010.
Schratz, Paul R. Submarine Commander: A Story of World War II and Korea. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1988.
Schultz, Robert, and James Shell. We Were Pirates: A Torpedoman’s Pacific War. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2009.
Scott, James. The War Below: The Story of Three Submarines That Battled Japan. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2013.
Sheridan, Martin. Overdue and Presumed Lost: The Story of the USS Bullhead. Francestown, NH: M. Jones, 1947; Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2004. Citations and page references refer to the Naval Institute Press edition.
Sloan, Bill. Undefeated: America’s Heroic Fight for Bataan and Corregidor. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012.
Smith, Steven Trent. The Rescue: A True Story of Courage and Survival in World War II. New York: John Wiley, 2001.
Sterling, Forest J. Wake of the Wahoo: The Heroic Story of America’s Most Daring WWII Submarine, USS Wahoo. Philadelphia: Chilton Book Division, 1960; New York: Popular Library, 1961. Citations and page references refer to the Popular Library edition.
Stevens, Peter F. Fatal Dive: Solving the World War II Mystery of the USS Grunion. Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing, 2012.
Sturma, Michael. Death at a Distance: The Loss of the Legendary USS Harder. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2006.
———. Surface and Destroy: The Submarine Gun War in the Pacific. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2011.
———. The USS Flier: Death and Survival on a World War II Submarine. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2008.
Trumbull, Robert. Silversides. New York: Henry Holt, 1945.
Tuohy, William. The Bravest Man: Richard O’Kane and the Amazing Submarine Adventures of the USS Tang. Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing, 2001; New York: Presidio Press, 2006. Citations and page numbers refer to the Presidio Press edition.
Whitlock, Flint, and Ron Smith. The Depths of Courage: American Submariners at War with Japan, 1941–1945. New York: Berkley Caliber, 2007.
Wilkes, James W. Down Under: My Life as a WWII Submariner. Philadelphia: Xlibris, 2007.
JOURNAL ARTICLES & INTERNET SOURCES
Copeland, Kevin. “Submarine Force Will Begin Integration of Enlisted Women.” Press release. Story number NNS150121-17; release date 1/21/2015 2:27:00 PM. Web. http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=85274.
Enriquez, Elizabeth L. “Coping with War: KGST ‘Radio’ and Other Media Strategies of Civilian Internees in the Philippines in World War II.” Social Science Diliman 6, no. 2 (December 2010): 1–28. Web. Accessed 5/16/2015. http://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/socialsciencediliman/article/view/2025.
Galvani, William. “Sea Dogs.” American Heritage 45, no. 6 (October 1994). Web. http://www.americanheritage.com/content/sea-dogs.
Gleason, Bill. “Penny, a Sub Sailor.” Polaris, August 1987. Web. http://www.subvetpaul.com/SAGA_8_87.htm.
Hornfischer, James D. “Revisiting Samuel Eliot Morison’s Landmark History.” Smithsonian Magazine, February 2011. Web. http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/revisiting-samuel-eliot-morisons-landmark-history-63715/?no-ist.
Sackett, E. L. “History of the Canopus.” Distributed to the men and families of the Canopus, May 12, 1943. Web. http://as9.larryshomeport.com/html/history.html.
Stout, David. “Frederick Burdett Warder, 95; Decorated Submarine Skipper.” New York Times, February 4, 2000. Web. http://www.nytimes.com/2000/02/04/us/frederick-burdett-warder-95-decorated-submarine-skipper.html.
Submarine War Reports. Historic Naval Ships Association. Web. http://www.hnsa.org/resources/manuals-documents/submarine-war-patrol-reports/.
For your reference, the page numbers that appear in the print version of this book are listed below. They do not match the page numbers in your eBook.
The following pages tell you where to find the sources of the quotations in this book. A quotation enclosed in double quotation marks (like this: “…”) means the quoted words are from a direct or primary source, perhaps a book, an interview, or a war patrol report. When you see single quotation marks inside double quotation marks (“ ‘…’ ”), that indicates a quotation or dialogue that appears within a source.
EPIGRAPH
“All ships have souls …”: Beach, Submarine!, 4.
A LIQUID CHESSBOARD
“The U.S. Navy fought …”: Enright and Ryan, Shinano!, xi–xii.
PART ONE
“To the Congress of the United States …”: “Day of Infamy” Speech by Franklin D. Roosevelt, December 8, 1941; SEN 77A-H1, Records of the United States Senate; Record Group 46; National Archives.
“‘Washington, Dec. 11 …’ ”: Brinkley and Rubel, World War II, 268.
“EXECUTE UNRESTRICTED AIR AND SUBMARINE WARFARE …”: Roscoe, United States Submarine Operations in World War II, 5.
CHAPTER ONE
“He was wearing …”: Matthews, Oral History Interview (hereafter Matthews), 2.
“Anybody fifteen years …”: ibid., 5–6.
“It was to bed early …”: ibid., 7.
“The chow was good …”: ibid.
“ ‘I wish I could get duty …’ ”: ibid., 21.
“We heard noise …”: ibid., 21–22.
The best drill: Prange, At Dawn We Slept, 510.
“ ‘Oh, oh …’ ”: ibid., 507.
“ ‘I knew right away …’ ”: ibid.
183 Japanese planes … miles away: ibid., 490–491.
The attack’s mastermind: ibid., 9–17.
“Pandemonium broke loose …”: Matthews, 23, 25.
“I can’t remember …”: ibid., 25.
“I was just more or less …”: ibid., 29.
“All I can remember …”:
ibid.
“When the Arizona …”: ibid., 31–32.
“indescribably fearful …”: Prange, 513.
“ ‘the ship was sinking …’ ”: ibid.
“There was steel in the air …”: Matthews, 28, 33.
“I never got hit …”: ibid., 32.
“ ‘I’m Navy! …’ ”: ibid., 34.
“Ships were still blowing up …”: ibid.
“sitting ducks …”: ibid., 36.
“to rescue people …”: ibid., 35.
“We were told …”: Matthews, 37.
“Every now and then …”: ibid., 36–37.
“I knew then that even …”: ibid., 41.
DISPATCH: Trapped on the USS California
“ ‘So I leaned against …’ ”: La Forte and Marcello, Remembering Pearl Harbor, 85–86.
“‘All at once I heard …’ ”: ibid., 86.
“‘Nobody panicked …’ ”: ibid., 88.
“‘Smoke and fire …’ ”: ibid., 90–91.
“‘I couldn’t believe my eyes …’ ”: ibid., 87.
“‘There was a dent in it …’ ”: ibid.
CHAPTER TWO
“Probably no man in Japan …”: Prange, 10.
“ ‘fiercely attack …’ ”: ibid., 16.
Japan boasted: Japanese Navy statistics from Blair, Silent Victory, 85–86.
the Atlantic Fleet: Roscoe, 3.
the Atlantic submarines … : ibid., 85–92.
US submarines; Asiatic Fleet; Pacific Fleet: Roscoe, 4. Roscoe lists five submarines at Pearl Harbor including the Cuttlefish, but her official records show she had departed for repairs at Mare Island Navy Yard near California at the time. See “Submarines in Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941,” USS Bowfin Submarine Museum & Park. Web. Accessed 5/14/2015. http://www.bowfin.org/december-7-1941.
“a concentration of effort …”: ibid., 3–4.
Navy Department issued an order: Blair, 106, 58–60.
BRIEFING: The Japanese War Plan
“First, prior to a declaration …”: Morison, The Two-Ocean War, 41.
“This scheme of conquest …”: ibid.
CHAPTER THREE
to protect the Philippines: Blair, 81.
“ ‘What’s the matter …’ ”: Frank, Horan, and Eckberg, U.S.S. Seawolf, 25–26.
“ ‘Going to the docks …’ ”: ibid., 26.
Dive! World War II Stories of Sailors & Submarines in the Pacific Page 20