Dive! World War II Stories of Sailors & Submarines in the Pacific

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Dive! World War II Stories of Sailors & Submarines in the Pacific Page 23

by Deborah Hopkinson


  Cover illustration by Mike Heath.

  For your reference, the page numbers that appear in the print version of this book are listed below. They do not match the page numbers in your eBook. Please use the “Search” function on your eReading device to find terms of interest. Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations as they appear in the print version of the book.

  Note: Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.

  Admiralty Islands, 292

  African American submariners, 139, 144–47

  Alden, John D., 42

  Allied powers, 20, 24

  Ancient Order of the Deep, 112–13

  appendectomy on Seadragon, 276–77

  Asiatic Fleet of US Navy

  base of, in Australia, 81

  base of, in Philippines, 29, 57–58

  and Canopus tender, 57–58

  commanders of, 118, 309, 310 (see also Hart, Thomas; Lockwood, Charles A., Jr.; Wilkes, John)

  and evacuation of Philippines, 72–75

  lost submarines, 155–56, 165

  and news of Pearl Harbor, 29–31

  organization of, 78

  and Pacific Fleet, 79

  responsibilities of ships in, 43, 44

  size of fleet, 24, 307

  and skippers’ performances, 119, 126

  stress endured by submariners, 119–20, 126

  and supplying of submarines, 79

  withdrawal of submarines to Australia, 174

  Atlantic Fleet, 23–24

  atomic bombs, 298

  Australia

  and Allied powers, 24

  as headquarters of Asiatic submarines, 81

  hotels leased in, for submariners, 120

  support facilities for submarines in, 75, 77, 79

  aviators rescued by submarines, 269–72, 273–75, 282, 292, 302

  Axis powers, 20, 24

  B-17 bombers (Flying Fortresses), 46

  ballast tanks, 187, 188–89

  Bataan, xiv

  Bataan Death March, 108

  defense of, 89, 95–96

  invasion of, 84

  news from, 72

  and nurses, 97–99, 115

  soldiers stranded on, 105, 106–7, 108

  Battenfield, Bill, 257–58

  battery power of submarines, 45–46

  Battle of the Atlantic, 25

  Battle of the Bismark Sea, 238

  Battle of the Coral Sea, 174

  Battle of Guadalcanal, 175

  Battle of the Java Sea, 174

  Battle of Leyte Gulf, 293

  Battle of Midway, 132–33, 136, 175

  Battle of the Philippine Sea, 293

  battleships, 42

  Beach, Edward L. “Ned”

  on Bureau of Ordnance, 122

  on claustrophobia, 241

  and destroyers’ pursuit of Trigger, 149–54

  and first contact with enemy ship, 137–39, 142–43

  on grieving lost boats, 157

  and ice-cream maker, 246–47

  and loss of Trigger, 155–56

  on O’Kane as POW, 280

  postwar career of, 156

  and preparing for departure, 130, 132

  on protocols for control of ship, 140–41

  running Trigger aground, 133–36

  and success of Trigger, 152

  training of, 129–30

  on Wahoo, 236

  Beliel, Clarence “Don Bell,” 50–51

  Benson, Roy, 137, 138, 142

  Black Submariners in the United States Navy, 1940–1975 (Knoblock), 147

  Blair, Clay

  on Australia as submarine base, 79

  on Buyo Maru incident, 223

  on Cavite Naval Station attack, 47

  on evacuation of Philippines, 73

  on Hell Cats operation, 286

  on ineffective skippers, 216–17

  on Japan’s advance, 52

  on O’Kane, 300

  on torpedoes, 82

  on Warder’s command of Seawolf, 159

  Bliss, Raymond W., 108

  blockades, 76

  Brice, James, 270

  Brown, Jeweldeen, 67

  Buckley, Jim, 206

  Bureau of Ordnance, 122, 123

  Buyo Maru incident, 219–23, 221

  Canada, 24

  Carter, James Edward, 205

  casualty rate among submarines, 307

  Cavite Naval Station in the Philippines, xiv

  attack on, 47–49, 50–51, 51, 80

  and capture of Don Bell, 50–51

  casualties of, 51

  and news of Pearl Harbor, 29

  prior to attack, 28

  and the Seawolf, 43, 54

  Chief of Naval Operations, 2

  China, xiv, 27

  Christmas, 69–71, 98

  Clarey, Bernard A., 1

  Clark Field in Philippines, 46, 80

  classes of submarines, 41–42

  claustrophobia, 241

  code breakers, 238, 269, 280

  Coe, James, 121–22, 123

  conn (term), 138, 140–41

  Connor, Michael, 116–17

  control room on submarines, 35–36, 188, 202

  cooks, 181–82. See also food and cooking on submarines

  Corregidor (“the Rock”), xiv

  antiaircraft guns of, 88–89, 90

  and Canopus tender, 73

  evacuation of, 99, 103

  headquarters on, 72, 81

  invasion of, 84

  news from, 72

  nurses on, 99–100, 101, 101–2

  recapture of, 302

  resupply missions to, 84–91, 92, 162

  soldiers stranded on, 84, 95, 105

  surrender of, 105

  tunnels of, 89, 96

  crew, importance of, 130

  Cutter, Slade, 148, 300, 314, 315

  Darwin, Australia, 75

  Davao Gulf, 159–61, 166

  Dealey, Samuel, 315

  depth-charge attacks

  against Bonefish, 291

  against Seawolf, 66–67, 162

  against Tang, 264, 267

  against Trigger, 148, 150–51

  against Wahoo, 210, 233

  depth control of submarines, 188

  depth gauges of submarines, 263

  Deragon (lieutenant), 62, 161

  destroyers

  antisubmarine weapons of, 60

  and Corregidor resupply mission, 87

  and Seawolf, 60–61, 64, 66–67, 124–25

  and Tang, 259–64, 266–68

  and Trigger, 148–54

  and Wahoo, 206–10, 211–13

  displacement calculations, 167–68

  dives

  depth and angle of, 188

  description of, 189

  and submerged state of submarines, 45–46

  technical aspects of, 187–89

  divisions of fleets, 78

  dogs on submarines, 250, 251–56, 252

  down-the-throat shots, 207

  dynamite for destroying equipment, 75–76

  Eckberg, Joseph Melvin

  and Cavite attack, 50

  and Christmas, 69–71

  clothing of, 37

  and Corregidor resupply mission, 84, 88–89

  and Davao Harbor patrol, 159–61

  and evacuation of Philippines, 75

  family of, 39–40, 43, 45, 69–70, 76, 161–62, 164

  first patrol of, 43

  and journalists, 164–65

  life after Seawolf, 164–65

  moving into the Seawolf, 37

  and nighttime surfacing, 58

  and Pearl Harbor attack, 28–31

  radio and sound duties of, 34–35, 54, 56, 60, 61, 63, 75, 163

  return to Pearl Harbor, 162–63

  and test dive, 37–39

  on torpedoes, 64–65

  See also USS Seawolf

  Edge, Lawrence Lott, 287–88, 290, 309

  English, Robert “
Bob,” 133, 174, 175, 238, 309

  equator, crossing, 112–13

  eternal patrol, 305, 306. See also lost submarines

  exercise on submarines, 230–31

  Far East Air Force at Clark Field, 80

  feminine personas of boats, 42

  Fenno, Frank W., 92–93

  Ferrall, Pete, 276

  Fife, James “Jimmy,” 73, 76, 123

  “The First War Patrol” (poem), 82

  Flanagan, Hank, 266

  The Fleet Submarine in the U.S. Navy (Alden), 42

  Fluckey, Eugene, 315

  Flying Fortress heavy bombers (B-17s), 46

  FM sonar gear, 283, 286

  food and cooking on submarines, 71

  for Christmas, 70–71

  and evacuation of nurses, 104

  and surfacing of submarines, 58

  Ford Island Naval Air Station, 14, 17–19, 21, 22, 309

  Formosa (now Taiwan), 43

  France, 20, 24

  Frank, Gerold, 164–65

  Franz, Frank, 64

  Frazee, Murray “Fraz,” 260, 268, 278, 280

  freighters, 138, 159, 161, 259–61

  Galvani, William, 254–55

  Gato class boats, 41–42

  Germany

  and Axis powers, 24

  establishment of Tripartite Pact, 20

  and strategy of US, 25

  submarine fleet of (U-boats), 24

  surrender of, 288

  and US declaration of war, 2, 23

  Gleason, Bill, 251–54

  gold bars on the USS Trout, 92–93

  Great Britain

  and Allied powers, 20, 24

  and supply lines, 24

  troops’ retreat to Singapore, 52

  and war plan of Japan, 26

  Grider, George

  on being in command, 240

  and Buyo Maru incident, 219, 220

  and Kennedy in command, 172

  on lighting explosives, 248–49

  and Morton, 176, 178, 196–97, 201–2, 233, 236

  Grider, George (continued)

  on Pearl Harbor’s effect on strategies, 216

  and periscope incident, 202

  reassignment of, 226–27

  on return of Wahoo, 223

  and risk taking, 196–97

  ships sunk by, 314

  War Fish, 248, 249

  and Wewak Harbor chart, 227–28

  and Wewak Harbor mission, 190, 192–93, 201, 203–4, 205, 207–10, 211–12

  See also USS Wahoo

  grieving lost boats, 157

  Griffith, Walter, 187

  Guam, 80, 292, 293

  Harding, Warren G., 17–19

  Harlfinger, Fritz, 148, 149–50, 153, 314

  Hart, Thomas

  and assignments for Asiatic Fleet, 43

  as commander of Asiatic Fleet, 309

  and evacuation of Philippines, 72–75

  and naval base at Surabaya, Java, 81

  and news of Pearl Harbor, 30–31

  Harusame destroyer (Japan), 211–13, 212

  Hawai’i, xv, 5, 6, 108, 132, 237

  heads (toilets) on submarines, 109, 110–11

  Heath, Jack, 270

  Hellcats, 283, 284–85, 286–88

  Henderson, Hank, 205, 208

  Historic Naval Ships Association (HNSA), 308

  History of United States Naval Operations in World War II (Morison), 26–27

  Hitler, Adolf, 302

  Holden, Richard, 60, 85

  Hong Kong, 52, 80

  Horan, James D., 164–65

  hull numbering on submarines, 42

  Hunter, Delville “Moose,” 199

  Hunter, Samuel Howard, Jr., 47

  Hurt, Dave, 53

  Hydeman, Earl, 286

  ice-cream makers on submarines, 244–45, 246–47

  Imperial Japanese Navy

  admiral of (see Yamamoto, Isoroku)

  advantages of, 22–23

  fleet of, 22

  and Pearl Harbor attack, 22

  submarines of, 22

  US Navy’s defeat of, 293

  Indian prisoners of war, 222

  Italy, 2, 20, 23, 24

  Jacobs, Tyrell Dwight, 121

  Japan, xiv

  and atomic bombs, 298, 303

  and Axis powers, 24

  casualties of, 308

  and Cavite Naval Station attack, 47–49

  control of air in Philippines, 46

  and end of war, 298–301

  establishment of Tripartite Pact, 20

  military leadership of (see Yamamoto, Isoroku)

  and Pearl Harbor attack, 2, 3, 4, 7–15, 10–11, 13, 80

  shipping and supply lines of, 22, 23, 44, 79, 308

  and strategy of US, 25

  surrender of, 303

  US bombing of, 302

  and US declaration of war, 2, 23, 80

  war plan of, 26–27

  Joint Army-Navy Assessment Committee (JANAC), 314

  Jopling, Dan, 115

  Keeter, Dalton “Bird Dog,” 192, 225

  Kennedy, Marvin “Pinky,” 171–72, 173, 216, 314

  Killin, A. J., 47, 49–50

  Kimmel, Husband E., 7–8

  Kinsella, Bill, 270

  Kossler, Herman, 298

  Krause, Fertig, 215, 219

  La Pérouse Strait, 283, 289

  Latham, Richard, 286

  laundry on submarines, 87

  Lewis, Jack Hayden, 133

  Lewis, “Shaky Jake,” 255

  Leyte Gulf, 293

  Lindhe, Leslie, 214

  Lingayen Gulf, 302

  Lipes, Wheeler B., 276–77

  Lockwood, Charles A., Jr., 118

  and appendectomy on Seadragon, 276–77

  as commander of subs for Asiatic Fleet, 114, 118–19, 309

  as commander of subs for Pacific Fleet, 229, 238, 309

  command of, in Freemantle, Australia, 174

  command of, in Guam, 282

  on end of war, 296

  and loss of Wahoo, 233

  and nurses evacuated from Corregidor, 114

  and O’Kane’s time as POW, 300

  and Operation Barney, 282, 283

  on pilot rescues, 269–70

  and Sea of Japan campaign, 238

  and skippers, 119

  and stress of submariners, 119–20

  and torpedo malfunctions, 121, 122, 309

  and torpedo testing, 123, 126, 175

  and USS Trigger, 148

  logbooks on submarines, 308

  lost submarines

  and casualty rate, 307

  and “eternal patrol,” 305, 306

  total number of, 307

  USS Bonefish, 287–91

  USS Bullhead, 187–88

  USS Cisco, 227

  USS Sealion, 73, 306

  USS Seawolf, 165

  USS Tang, 279–80

  USS Trigger, 155–56

  USS Wahoo, 233, 238, 243, 282, 283

  Luau (mascot on USS Spadefish), 255–56, 286, 309Lutich, Louis, 100

  Luzon, Philippines, 58–59, 72, 293, 302

  Luzon Strait, 79

  MacArthur, Douglas

  commands of, 29, 309

  and evacuation of Philippines, 72, 95

  and Far East Air Force at Clark Field, 80

  and Flying Fortress bombers (B-17s), 46

  headquarters moved to Corregidor, 81

  invasion of Mindoro, 293

  and liberation of Philippines, 293

  and New Guinea, 292

  on peacetime, 301

  and surrender of Corregidor, 105

  and Wainwright, 299

  malaria, 98–99

  Malaya, 22, 26–27, 52, 80

  Manila, Philippines, xiv, 97–98, 174

  Manila Bay

  and Canopus tender, 57–58, 73

  and Corregidor resupply mission, 88

  enemy planes in, 74

  and evac
uation of Philippines, 73, 74

  Japan’s bombing of, 73, 81

  and Japan’s control of air, 46

  Mare Island Navy Yard, 79, 163

  Mariana Islands, xiv, 148, 259–64, 292

  Marshall Islands, 238, 292

  mascots on submarines, 250, 251–56, 252

  Matthews, Martin, 5–15, 309

  Medal of Honor, 307

  medical emergencies on submarines, 276–77

  Mendenhall, Corwin, 304

  merchant marine casualties, 308. See also shipping and supply lines

  messrooms on submarines, 181

  Midway

  battle of, 132–33, 136

  submarine base at, 175

  and USS Tang, 268–69

  and USS Trigger, 132–36

  Miller, Doris “Dorie,” 144, 145, 147

  minefields, 282–83, 286

  Misch, George, 184, 186

  Momsen lungs, 280, 281

  morale

  of Americans, 22, 23

  of submariners, 119–20, 255

  Morison, Samuel Eliot, 26–27, 108, 132

  Morton, Dudley “Mush,” 197

  attack strategies of, 201, 203–4, 216, 223, 226

  background of, 178

  and Buyo Maru incident, 219–23, 221

  in command, 172, 173, 226

  fame of, 225

  and Grider, 176, 178, 196–97, 201–2, 233, 236

  innovations of, 178–81, 184, 214

  leadership style of, 178–83, 201–2, 214

  and loss of Wahoo, 283

  and O’Kane, 172, 178–80, 179, 201, 225, 228, 240

  and patrol report, 225

  personality of, 176

  risk taking of, 196–97

  in Sea of Japan, 229, 231, 233

  ships sunk by, 211–13, 237, 300, 314, 315

  and Sterling, 172, 230–32

  and stranded fishermen, 219

  successes of, 223

 

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