TAKING A BITE OUT OF CRIME
Aaron Helferty, 31, was drinking in an Edmonton bar when a group of men he didn’t know began berating him. He ignored it…until one man approached him, silently stared at him, then suddenly lunged forward and started chewing on his nose. Two bar employees broke up the fight and threw out the attacker, who’d managed to bite off (and swallow) part of Helferty’s nose. Helferty plans to get reconstructive surgery; police can’t find the attacker.
SOURRY ABOOT THAT, YOUR HONOR
Canadians have a reputation for being extremely polite, saying “I’m sorry” even when they don’t really have to. In 2006, the provincial governments of British Columbia and Saskatchewan passed legislation to make saying “I’m sorry” in court not a legal admission of guilt. It allows for defendants to politely acknowledge wrongdoing with a public apology without having to worry about the legal ramifications.
Cockroaches have 6 legs, and at least 18 knees (scientists think they may have more).
LIKE THE ANIMALS DO
Now join host Marlin Perky for another episode of Sexy Kingdom.
NICE LEGS
In 2005 five giant squids washed ashore in a single week in the Bay of Biscay in Spain, giving marine biologists a chance to study the rarely seen creatures. One thing they discovered is that the sex life of giant squids, who make their homes in the deep, dark depths of the world’s oceans, can be a violent and haphazard affair. Since it has never actually been observed, biologists can only guess as to the exact mating activity of the animals, based on the study of such washed-up specimens. That has led them to believe that the male of the species “injects” sperm through the skin of the arms of a female, who then saves it until she is ready to lay her eggs. Of the two males found in Spain, one had arms that showed that it had been injected by another male, possibly by one who had mistaken it for a female in the murky depths of the sea. The other one had accidentally injected itself.
YES. OUCH.
As a female porcupine approaches the annual 8–12 hour period during which she is receptive to mating, she stops eating, selects a mate, and starts “moping” around him. The male responds by following her around, “singing” in a whiny voice, engaging in vicious fights with other males, and sniffing wherever the female urinates. (The urine acts as an aphrodisiac.) When mating time finally arrives, the male stands on his back legs, approaches the female, and becomes what experts describe as a “urine cannon.” He hoses down the female with a stream of urine that can shoot up to seven feet, covering her from head to toe. The female either emits a high-pitched scream and attacks the male, or she lifts her tail, exposing her unquilled underside, and allows him to gingerly approach—still on his rear legs—and mate with her. When he gets tired out, she makes him do it again…and again…and again. If he won’t do it, she finds another male, until the 8–12 hour “receptive” period is over.
In old English gambling dens, one employee’s job was to swallow the dice in case of raids.
EEK!
Colonies of the Australian yellow-footed Antechinus—a mousesized marsupial—participate in one of the strangest mating events in the animal kingdom. Biologists believe that the increase in daylight hours in the second half of winter induces the males, all of them about eleven months old, to begin a two-week frenetic spree, going from nest to nest in the colony to breed with every female they can, with each mating session taking from six to twelve hours. The physical stress of the mating frenzy, along with having to fight with other males, and the fact that they don’t eat at all during the period, is too much for them. After the two-week mating marathon, every male in the colony dies. The females have their litters a month later…and eleven months after that, it all starts all over again.
* * *
RESCUED BY DOLPHINS
In November 2004, Ron Howes, 42, his 15-year-old daughter, and two of her friends were swimming about 100 yards offshore near Whangarei on the North Island of New Zealand. During the swim, Howes later told the Canadian Broadcasting Company, a pod of dolphins “came steaming at us” and “pushed all four of us together by doing tight circles around us.”
Howes said he tried to leave the circle, but two large dolphins pushed him back—and at that point he saw a great white shark coming toward the group. “I just recoiled,” he said. “It was only about two meters away from me.” He then realized that the dolphins, which kept slapping the water with their tails, were protecting them. The dolphins kept them in the circle for nearly 40 minutes, until the shark left when a rescue boat showed up. And the dolphins stayed close to the rescued swimmers until they made it all the way back to shore. “I came out of that water and I was stunned,” Howe said. “I had no idea how to relay what had happened and how to deal with it.” He didn’t tell the girls about the shark, which never broke the surface, until the next day.
Construction of Milan’s great cathedral, the Duomo, began in 1386 and was finished in 1805.
WHAT A WAY TO GO!
Death awaits us all, but you never know when you’re about to breathe your last. Here are some folks who died in bizarre ways.
DANGER! DANGER!
In 2001 Tyron Watson, an employee at a wheel factory in Akron, Ohio, walked into an area that housed an industrial robot in order to repair it. But the robot hadn’t been properly turned off, and Watson’s presence triggered a motion sensor, which suddenly reactivated the robot. It started moving very fast and smashed Watson into a conveyor belt, killing him instantly.
EIGHT ARMS TO KILL YOU
One of the most popular snacks in South Korea: small octopuses, eaten alive. In 2002, a Seoul man was eating one at home and choked to death on it. Doctors removed the octopus, which was still alive and clinging to the man’s throat. Statistics show that as many as six people a year in South Korea die that way.
BY THE BOOK
Early-20th-century Ethiopian emperor Menelik II had an unusual habit: When he felt sick or uneasy, he’d eat a few pages out of a Bible. He was feeling especially sick after suffering a stroke in 1913, so he ate the entire Book of Kings. A few days later he died of an intestinal blockage caused by the paper.
GOOD LUCK, BAD LUCK
Boonchai Lotharakphong, 43, ran a sportswear factory in Thailand. Facing money problems, he bought a flag from a fortune-teller who foretold good luck if Lotharakphong flew it from the roof of his factory. As Lotharakphong was carrying the flag to the roof, he slipped and fell to his death.
CART-ASTROPHE
Eighty-year-old Dennis Wiltshire of Neath, South Wales, liked to race grocery carts in his local supermarket. In August 2005, he hopped on a cart and rode it down a loading ramp, yelling “Wheeeee!” The cart spun out of control and Wiltshire fell off, fracturing his skull on the parking lot pavement. According to reports, he died instantly.
Radio waves from broadcasts of the 1930s have already traveled past 100,000 stars.
ARTFUL UN-DODGER
Mihaly Gubus, a sculptor from Stuttgart, Germany, was killed in 2006 when he was crushed by his 3,000-pound granite sculpture, Woman With Four Breasts.
POLLY WANT A BEAN-O
An unidentified man from Tegelen, the Netherlands, died at home in 2003. He had called an ambulance because he felt sick, but died before paramedics arrived. The man’s home was full of dozens of pet parrots. Cause of death: asphyxiation due to overpowering parrot flatulence.
FISHY
In 2003, Lim Vanthan and his family were planting rice near their home in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Lim went for a swim and caught an eight-inch kantrob fish, a prized delicacy in Cambodia. But the fish jumped out of Lim’s hands, into his mouth, and down his throat. The fish’s sharp, scaly barbs caused it to lodge in Lim’s throat, suffocating him.
LIGHTNING NEVER STRIKES TWICE. WAIT…
While climbing a cliff on Steeple Peak in Wyoming in 2003, Ryan Sayers, age 20, was struck by lightning during a storm. Amazingly, he survived relatively unharmed, but decided to wait out the storm. An hour later, Sa
yers was struck by lightning again. That one killed him.
VIVA LA MARIA!
Maria Antonio Calvo of Spain died in 1994. Well, she didn’t really die, but a Barcelona court registered her as dead. After four years of petitioning (Calvo had a child, which was legally declared an orphan), she finally convinced the court that she was living, but since there was no precedent for “resurrection,” she remained listed as dead. She was finally recognized as “alive” in 2006.
The average can of cat food has the nutritional equivalent of five mice.
THE STRANGEST DISASTER
OF THE 20TH CENTURY, PT. II
If you studied chemistry in high school or college, you may have solved the mystery already. If not, the answer lies just ahead. (Part I of the story is on page 65.)
CONTENTS UNDER PRESSURE
As the scientists took samples from deeper and deeper in Lake Nyos, the already high carbon dioxide (CO2) levels climbed steadily higher. At the 600 foot depth, the levels suddenly shot off the charts. Beyond that depth, the CO2 levels were so high that when the scientists tried to pull the samples to the surface, the containers burst from the pressure of all the gas that came out of solution. The scientists had to switch to pressurized containers to collect their samples, and when they did they were stunned to find that the water at the bottom of the lake contained five gallons of dissolved CO2 for every gallon of water.
As the scientists pieced together the evidence, they began to form a theory that centered around the large amount of CO2 in the lake. The volcano that formed Lake Nyos may have been long extinct, but the magma chamber that fed it was still active deep below the surface of the Earth. And it was still releasing carbon dioxide gas—not just into Lake Nyos, but into the surrounding environment as well. In fact, it’s not uncommon in Cameroon to find frogs and other small animals suffocated in CO2 “puddles” that have formed in low points along the ground. (CO2 is heavier than air and can pool in low spots until the wind blows it away.)
But what was unusual about Lake Nyos wasn’t that there was CO2 in the lake; that happens in lakes all over the world. What was unusual was that the CO2 had apparently never left—instead of bubbling to the surface and dissipating into the air, the CO2 was accumulating at the bottom of the lake.
UPS AND DOWNS
In most lakes CO2 escapes because the water is continually circulating, thanks to a process known as convection: Rain, cold weather, or even just wind blowing across the surface of the lake can cause the topmost layer of water to cool, making it denser and therefore heavier than the warmer layers below. The cool water sinks to the bottom of the lake, displacing the warmer, CO2-rich water and pushing it high enough for the CO2 to come out of the solution, bubble to the surface, and escape into the air.
There is no single word for the back of the knee.
STILL WATERS RUN DEEP
That’s what usually happens, but the water at the bottom of Lake Nyos was so saturated with CO2 that it was clear that something was interfering with the convection process. As the scientists soon discovered, the waters of Lake Nyos are among the most still in the world: Tall hills surround the lake, blocking the wind and causing the lake to be unusually consistent in temperature from the surface to the bottom. And because Lake Nyos is in a tropical climate that remains hot year round, the water temperature doesn’t vary much from season to season, either. Lastly, because the lake is so deep, even when the surface is disturbed, very little of the agitation finds its way to the lake floor. The unusual stillness of the lake is what made it so deadly.
FULL TO BURSTING
There is a physical limit to how much CO2 water can absorb, even under the tremendous pressures that exist at the bottom of a 690-foot-deep lake. As the bottom layers become saturated, the CO2 is pushed up to where the water pressure is lower. The CO2 eventually rises to a level where the pressure is low enough for it to start coming out of solution. At this point any little disturbance—a landslide, stormy weather, or even high winds or just a cold snap—can cause the CO2 to begin bubbling to the surface. And when the bubbles start rising, they can cause a siphoning or “chimney” effect, triggering a chain reaction that in one giant upheaval can cause the lake to disgorge CO2 that has been accumulating in the lake for decades.
CO2 is odorless, colorless, and non-toxic; your body produces it and you exhale some every time you breathe. Even the air you inhale consists of about 0.05% CO2. What makes it a killer in certain circumstances is the fact that it’s heavier than air: If enough escapes into the environment at once, it displaces the air on the ground, making breathing impossible. A mixture of as little as 10% CO2 in the air can be fatal; even 5% can smother a flame… which explained why the oil lamps went out.
In Natoma, Kansas, it’s illegal to throw knives at men wearing striped suits.
SNUFFED OUT
The scientists figured that if their theory was correct, there might be other instances of similar eruptions in the past. It didn’t take very long to find one, and they didn’t have to look very far, either: Two years earlier, on August 15, 1984, a loud boom was heard coming from Lake Monoun, a crater lake just 59 miles southeast of Lake Nyos. In the hours that followed, 37 people died mysteriously, including a group of 17 people who died while walking to work when they came to a low point in the road—just the place where CO2 would have settled after being released from the lake. The incident was small enough that it hadn’t attracted much attention from the outside world…until now.
THE BIG BANG
In the months following the disaster at Lake Nyos, the scientists continued to monitor the lake’s CO2 levels. When the levels began to increase again, they concluded that their theory was correct.
In the meantime, they had also come up with an estimate of just how much CO2 had escaped from the lake on August 22—and were stunned by what they found. Eyewitness accounts from people who were high enough in the hills above the lake to survive the eruption described how the lake began bubbling strangely on August 17, causing a misty cloud to form above the surface of the water. Then without warning, on August 22, the lake suddenly exploded; water and gas shot a couple of hundred feet into the air. The CO2 had taken up so much space in the lake that when it was finally released, the water level dropped more than three feet. By measuring the change in depth, the scientists estimated that the lake had released 1.2 cubic kilometers of CO2—enough to fill 10 football stadiums—in as little as 20 seconds. (Are you old enough to remember the huge volume of ash that Mt. Saint Helens released when it erupted in 1980? That eruption released only 1/3 of one cubic kilometer of ash—a quarter of Lake Nyos’s emission.)
For the conclusion of the story, turn to page 312.
100 calories will propel a bicycle 3 miles and drive a car 280 feet.
AMAZING LUCK
It’s not always good luck, but these are amazing stories nonetheless.
THIRD TIME’S A…NEVER MIND
On a Sunday morning in March, 2006, Billy McEwen, 25, of L’Anse, Michigan, was driving down a country road when a horse jumped in front of his car. Unable to avoid a collision, he hit the horse, throwing it up into the air, and crushing the roof and windshield of his car. McEwen’s two-year-old was in the car, but fortunately, the child was uninjured. Police arrived on the scene and were aiding McEwen when 21-year-old Chris Cavanaugh came by in his car…and hit the horse as it lay in the road. The crash caused Cavanaugh’s car to roll over, but neither he nor his passenger were injured. McEwen was taken to Baraga County Memorial Hospital, but had to be transferred to nearby Marquette General Hospital. And on the way to Marquette, the ambulance struck and killed a moose. Amazingly, nobody was injured in that accident, either. (Except the moose.)
GOOSEBUMP MATERIAL
In April 2006, Carolyn Holt of St. Charles, Missouri, was driving through the city when she suffered a heart attack. Her car veered across traffic and struck a guardrail before coming to a stop. Other drivers quickly stopped to help. Luckily, two of them were nurses,
and after a truck driver used his trailer hitch to smash a window and get Holt out of the car, they immediately started doing CPR. But Holt wasn’t responding—her heart had stopped beating. That’s when another motorist who had stopped walked up to the scene. He was a defibrillator salesman. And he had one of the devices in his car. The nurses used it to get Holt’s heart beating, and, thanks to the improbable circumstances of her rescue, she survived the ordeal. One of the nurses, Mary Blome, said, “It was a true miracle that evening.” The salesman, Steve Earle, said it was even more of one than they realized. “It was strange luck,” he said, “because when we finish up work for the day, a lot of times we’ll get in my wife’s car and take it out to eat or to pick my daughter up. For some reason we just happened to get into my car.”
Minnesota has 201 Mud Lakes, 154 Long Lakes, and 123 Rice Lakes.
I LEFT THIS HERE FOR YOU
Brandon Day, 28, and Gina Allen, 24, were hiking in the San Jacinto Mountains in Southern California when they left a trail and got lost. They wore only light clothing for what was supposed to be a day trip, and had no food with them. They spent that night in a cave. The next day they followed a creek downstream, hoping it would lead them out of the mountains. The creek led them into a gorge—where they found an abandoned camp site. In the camp was a backpack containing food, warm clothes, and matches. They lit a fire and the next day were rescued by search crews who spotted the smoke. Once rescued, they found out who the backpack belonged to: Papers in it identified the owner as John Donovan. Rescue crews knew who that was. Donovan had disappeared in the mountains almost a year earlier. Neither his remains nor his belongings had ever been found. They contacted his family in West Virginia. Chris Cook, a longtime friend of Donovan’s, told reporters, “Even in his death, he was helping people.”
Uncle John’s Bathroom Reader Wonderful World of Odd Page 25