6 Queen Mary I in 1554 married Philip of Spain (1527–98), who became co-regent with Mary (1554–8).
7 Queen Elizabeth I’s mother was Anne Boleyn (c.1501/7–36). She was executed for adultery, incest and high treason on 19 May 1536.
THE HOUSE OF STUART
James (1566–1625) reigned as James VI, King of Scotland 1567–1625 and as James I, King of England 1603–25
Charles I (1600–1649) reigned 1625–49
1 King James I was the son of Mary, Queen of Scots (1542–87), who was descended from Margaret Tudor (1489–1541), elder daughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Mary, Queen of Scots, having fled to England in 1568, was executed by Elizabeth I in 1587. The two queens never met.
2 Charles I was executed in 1649 at the end of the English Civil War, after which Oliver Cromwell (1599–1658) ruled the country as the Commonwealth. The monarchy was restored in 1660 with the son of Charles I becoming Charles II (1630–85), who reigned 1660–85.
4 Selected bibliography and further reading
Alexander, N., Poison, Play and Duel: A Study in Hamlet (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1971)
Auden, W. H., Introduction to The Sonnets and Narrative Poems (New York: Knopf, 1992)
Barber, C. L., Shakespeare’s Festive Comedy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1959)
Bate, J., The Genius of Shakespeare (London: Picador, 2008)
Bate, J., Soul of the Age: The Life, Mind and World of William Shakespeare (London: Penguin, 2009)
Belsey, C., Shakespeare and the Loss of Eden: The Construction of Family Values in Early Modern Culture (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1985)
Bennett, S., Performing Nostalgia: Shifting Shakespeare and the Contemporary Past (London and New York: Routledge, 1996)
Berry, R., Shakespeare and the Awareness of the Audience (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1985)
Berry, R., The Shakespeare Metaphor: Studies in Language and Form (London and Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1978)
Bethell, S. L., Shakespeare and the Popular Dramatic Tradition (London: P. S. King and Staples, 1944)
Bulman, J. C., (ed.), Shakespeare, Theory and Performance (London and New York: Routledge, 1996)
Briggs, J., This Stage-Play World: Texts and Contexts, 1580–1625 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997)
Brown, J. R., Shakespeare and his Comedies (London: Methuen, 1968)
Brown, J. R., Shakespeare in Performance (Harmondsworth: Penguin Shakespeare Library, 1969)
Brown, R. D. and Johnson, D. (eds.), A Shakespeare Reader: Sources and Criticism (Basingstoke: Macmillan in association with the Open University, 2000)
Bryson, B., Shakespeare (London: Harper Press, 2007)
Cartmell, D., Interpreting Shakespeare on Screen (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000)
Cartmell, D. and Scott, M. (eds.), Talking Shakespeare: Shakespeare into the Millennium (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001)
Crawforth, H., Dustager, S., and Young, J., Shakespeare in London (London: Bloomsbury, 2015)
Crystal, D., ‘Think on My Words’: Exploring Shakespeare’s Language (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008)
Dollimore, J. and Sinfield, A. (eds.), Political Shakespeare: New Essays in Cultural Materialism (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1985)
Dollimore, J., Radical Tragedy: Religion, Ideology and Power in the Drama of Shakespeare and his Contemporaries (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 3rd edition, 2010)
Drakakis, J. (ed.), Alternative Shakespeares (London: Methuen, 1985)
Drakakis, J. (ed.), Shakespearean Tragedy (London: Longman, 1992)
Duffy, E., The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England 1400–1580 (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2005)
Duncan-Jones, K., Shakespeare: An Ungentle Life (London: Arden Shakespeare, Methuen Drama, 2010)
Dusinberre, J., Shakespeare and the Nature of Women (London: Macmillan, 1975)
Evans, B., Shakespeare’s Comedies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1960)
Evans, M., Signifying Nothing: Truth’s True Contents in Shakespeare’s Text (Brighton: Harvester Press, 1986)
French, M., Shakespeare’s Division of Experience (London: Jonathan Cape, 1982)
Frye, H. Northrop, A Natural Perspective: The Development of Shakespearean Comedy and Romance (New York: Columbia University Press, 1965)
Greenblatt, S., Will in the World: How Shakespeare Became Shakespeare (London: Jonathan Cape, 2004)
Greenblatt, S., Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1980)
Greenblatt, S., Shakespeare’s Freedom (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2010)
Greenblatt, S., Shakespearean Negotiations: The Circulation of Social Energy in Renaissance England (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992)
Gurr, A., Playgoing in Shakespeare’s London (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 3rd edition, 2004)
Hawkes, T., Meaning by Shakespeare (London and New York: Routledge, 1992)
Hawthorn, J., A Concise Glossary of Contemporary Literary Theory (London: Edward Arnold, 1992)
Holden, A., William Shakespeare: His Life and Work (London: Little, Brown, 1999)
Holderness, G., Shakespeare: The Histories (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000)
Holderness, G., Visual Shakespeare: Essays in Film and Television (Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press, 2002)
Honigmann, E. A. J., Shakespeare: Seven Tragedies: The Dramatist’s Manipulation of Response (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1976)
Jardine, L., Reading Shakespeare Historically (London and New York: Routledge, 1996)
Jardine, L., Still Harping on Daughters: Women and Drama in the Age of Shakespeare (New York and London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1983)
Jones, E., Scenic Form in Shakespeare (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971)
Kantorowicz, E. H., The King’s Two Bodies: A Study in Mediaeval Political Theology (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998)
Karim-Cooper, F. and Stern, T. (eds.), Shakespeare’s Theatres and the Effects of Performance (London and New York: Bloomsbury Arden Shakespeare, 2014)
Kastan, D. S., A Will to Believe: Shakespeare and Religion (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014)
Klein, H. and Wymer, R. (eds.), Shakespeare and History – Shakespeare Yearbook, Vol. 6 (Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 1996)
Knight, G. Wilson, The Wheel of Fire (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1930; London and New York: Routledge, 2001)
Kott, J. (trans. Taborski, B.), Shakespeare Our Contemporary (London: Methuen, revised edition, 1967)
Leggatt, A., Shakespeare’s Comedy of Love (London: Methuen, 1974)
Leggatt, A., Shakespeare’s Political Drama: The History Plays and the Roman Plays (London: Routledge, 1989)
MacGregor, N., Shakespeare’s Restless World (London: Penguin, 2012)
Maguire, L. and Smith, E., 30 Great Myths about Shakespeare (Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013)
McAlindon, T., Shakespeare and Decorum (London and Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1973)
Milling, J. and Ley, G., Modern Theories of Performance (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001)
Nevo, R., Comic Transformations in Shakespeare (London: Routledge, reprint edition, 2004)
Nicholl, C., The Lodger: Shakespeare on Silver Street (London: Allen Lane, 2007)
Peck, M. and Coyle, J., Literary Terms and Criticism (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1993)
Ryan, K., Shakespeare (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 3rd edition, 2002)
Ryan, K. (ed.), Shakespeare: Texts and Contexts (Basingstoke: Macmillan in association with The Open University, 2000)
Salinger, L. Shakespeare and the Traditions of Comedy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974)
Scott, M., Renaissance Drama and a Modern Audience (London: Macmillan, 1982)
Scott, M., Shakespeare and the Modern Dramatist (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1989)
Scott, M. (gen. ed.), The Critics Debate (Basingstoke: Macmillan):
Daniell, D., The Tempest (1989); Davison, P., Othe
llo (1988); Hattaway, M., Hamlet (1987); King, B., Coriolanus (1989); Knowles, R., Henry IV Parts I & II (1992); Overton, B., The Winter’s Tale (1989); Thompson, A., King Lear (1988); Wharton, T. F., Measure for Measure (1989)
Scott, M. (gen. ed.), Text and Performance (Basingstoke: Macmillan):
Davison, P., Hamlet (1983); Draper, R. P., The Winter’s Tale (1985); Hirst, D. L., The Tempest (1984); Holding, P., Romeo and Juliet (1992); Mason, P., Much Ado About Nothing (1992); Nicholls, G., Measure for Measure (1986); Overton, B., The Merchant of Venice (1987); Page, M., Richard II (1987); Potter, L., Twelfth Night (1985); Salgādo, G., King Lear (1984); Scott, M., Antony and Cleopatra (1983); Warren, R., A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1983); Wharton, T. F., Henry the Fourth Parts 1 & 2 (1983); Williams, G., Macbeth (1985); Wine, M., Othello (1984)
Scott, M., Shakespeare’s Comedies (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 2014)
Scott, M., Shakespeare’s Tragedies (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 2015)
Selden R., A Reader’s Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory (Brighton: The Harvester Press, 1985)
Shell, A., Shakespeare and Religion (London: Bloomsbury, 2010)
Shapiro, J., Contested Will: Who Wrote Shakespeare? (London: Faber and Faber, 2010)
Shapiro, J., 1599: A Year in the Life of William Shakespeare (London: Faber and Faber, 2005)
Shapiro, J., 1606: William Shakespeare and the Year of Lear (London: Faber and Faber, 2016)
Tennenhouse, L., Power on Display: The Politics of Shakespeare’s Genres (London and New York: Methuen, 1986)
Traversi, D. A., An Approach to Shakespeare, Vol. 1 (New York: Doubleday, 1969)
Vickers, B., Appropriating Shakespeare. Contemporary Critical Quarrels (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1993)
Wells, S., Shakespeare, Sex & Love (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010)
Wells, S., Shakespeare For All Time (London: Macmillan, 2002)
Wilson, R. N., Julius Caesar (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2001)
Wood, M., In Search of Shakespeare (London: BBC Books, 2005)
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