5 Legg, Frank, The Gordon Bennett Story, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1965, p. 261.
6 Bennett, H. Gordon, Why Singapore Fell, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1944, p. 210.
7 Legg, Frank, The Gordon Bennett Story, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1965, p. 262.
8 Bennett, H. Gordon, Why Singapore Fell, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1944, p. 210.
9 Ibid., p. 212.
10 Sir John Dudley Lavarack, Australian Dictionary of Biography, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/lavarack-sir-john-dudley-10790
11 Legg, Frank, The Gordon Bennett Story, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1965, p. 263.
12 Sir John Dudley Lavarack, Australian Dictionary of Biography, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/lavarack-sir-john-dudley-10790
13 Legg, Frank, The Gordon Bennett Story, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1965, p. 263.
14 Bennett, H. Gordon, Why Singapore Fell, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1944, pp. 214–5.
15 Ibid., p. 215.
16 Ibid., p. 216.
17 Ibid.
18 Legg, Frank, The Gordon Bennett Story, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1965, p. 264.
Chapter 16: Bennett’s Fall from Grace
1 Legg, Frank, The Gordon Bennett Story, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1965, p. 265.
2 Ibid., pp. 267–8.
3 Ibid.
4 Bennett papers, Mitchell Library, Sydney, MSS 773.
5 Clisby, Mark, Guilty or Innocent? The Gordon Bennett Case, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1992, p. 21.
6 Ibid.
7 Bennett papers, Mitchell Library, Sydney, MSS 773.
8 Ibid.
9 Ibid.
10 Blamey papers, 3DR6 643; Lodge, A.B., The Fall of General Gordon Bennett, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1986, p. 230; Clisby, Mark, Guilty or Innocent? The Gordon Bennett Case, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1992, pp. 21–22.
11 Lodge, A.B., The Fall of General Gordon Bennett, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1986, p. 230.
12 The Examiner, Launceston, 2 May 1944.
13 Clisby, Mark, Guilty or Innocent? The Gordon Bennett Case, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1992, p. 22; Australia Archives, Victoria: Department of Defence (III) – Army Headquarters, MP 7 2/1.
14 Letter from Blamey to Forde, 10 October 1945; MP 742, item B/3/2265; Lodge, A.B., The Fall of General Gordon Bennett, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1986, p. 250.
15 Clisby, Mark, Guilty or Innocent? The Gordon Bennett Case, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1992, p. 23.
16 Arneil, Stan, Black Jack, Macmillan, Melbourne and Sydney, 1983, p. 119.
17 Boardman, Jack, interview with author, August 2016.
18 Clisby, Mark, Guilty or Innocent? The Gordon Bennett Case, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1992, p. 72. Based on an interview between Moses and author Mark Clisby in May 1986.
19 Richardson, Bart, The Army As I Saw It, self-published, 2014, p. 81.
20 Lodge, A.B., The Fall of General Gordon Bennett, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1986, p. 245.
21 Mant, Gilbert, Daily Telegraph, 30 August 1945.
22 Ibid.
23 Lodge, A.B., The Fall of General Gordon Bennett, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1986, p. 246.
Chapter 17: Living Cadavers in Filthy Rags
1 Gaudry, Alan ‘Butch’, What it was like to be a prisoner-of-war of the Japanese, 1942–1945: Memoirs of the POW experience, 22nd Brigade Headquarters Association, 15 June 1998.
2 Ibid.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid.
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid.
7 Sweeting, A.J., ‘Prisoners of the Japanese’, p. 523, in Wigmore, Lionel, The Japanese Thrust, Australian War Memorial, 1957.
8 Official 2/26 Battalion website: http://www.2-26bn.org/salarang.html
9 Sweeting, A.J, ‘Prisoners of the Japanese’, in Wigmore, Lionel, The Japanese Thrust, 1957, p. 523.
10 Ibid.
11 Kennedy, Arthur ‘Bluey’ George, The Memoirs of Arthur George Kennedy, unpublished, 1977.
12 Ibid.
13 Ibid.
14 Chippendale, John, unpublished memoir, December 1997, p. 8.
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid.
17 Arneil, Stan, Black Jack, Macmillan, Melbourne, 1983, p. 121.
18 Ibid.
19 Daldry, George, interview with author, Bondi, August 2006.
20 Byrne, Joe, interview with author, Ramsgate, June 2006.
21 Boughton diary extracts courtesy of David Boughton and members of the Boughton family.
22 Boughton, Dudley, unpublished memoir, courtesy David Boughton.
23 Timbs, Kevin, interview with author, Dapto, May 2006; Byrne Joe, interview with author, Ramsgate, June, 2006.
24 Cook, John, interview with author, Sydney, 2006.
25 Houston, Jimmy, unpublished diary, courtesy Pamela and Henning Nielsen.
26 Cook, John, interview with author, Sydney, April 2006.
27 Maynard, Roger, Ambon, Hachette Australia, Sydney, 2014.
28 Godfrey, Ralph interview with author, Melbourne, April 2013.
29 Swanton, Stuart, personal diary, AWM67 3/387/DPI300, courtesy Lloyd Swanton.
30 Smith, Windas, interview with Ralph Godfrey.
31 Maynard, Roger, Ambon, Hachette Australia, Sydney, 2014, p. 222.
32 Ibid.
33 Gilbert, Max ‘Eddie’, interview with author, Melbourne, 8 June 2012.
34 Gaudry, Alan ‘Butch’, What it was like to be a prisoner-of-war of the Japanese 1942–1945: Memoirs of the POW experience, 22nd Brigade Headquarters Association, 15 June 1998.
Chapter 18: Bennett Pleads His Case
1 Clisby, Mark, Guilty or Innocent? The Gordon Bennett Case, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1992, p. 23.
2 Legg, Frank, The Gordon Bennett Story, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1965, p. 280.
3 Military Court, sheet no. 17.
4 Legg, Frank, The Gordon Bennett Story, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1965, p. 281.
5 Ibid., p. 282.
6 Military Court, sheet no. 5.
7 Ibid.
8 Legg, Frank, The Gordon Bennett Story, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1965, p. 283.
9 Military Court, sheet no. 5.
10 Sydney Sunday Telegraph, 4 November 1945.
11 8th Division Association telegram to Prime Minister Ben Chifley on 5 November 1945, MP742/1, B/3/2265.
12 Lodge, A.B., The Fall of General Gordon Bennett, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1986, p. 262.
13 Bennett papers, Mitchell Library, Sydney, ML MSS 807/2.
14 Commonwealth Gazette, 17 November 1945, CRS A5954, item box 264.
15 Manual of Military Law, 1941 Australian edition, paragraph 30 http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/17732822?q&versionId=46287078 p. 407.
16 Fry, Thomas, ‘Legal Aspects of the Departure of Major-General Gordon Bennett from Singapore’, University of Queensland Law Journal 34, 1948, p. 44; http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UQLawJl/1948/9.html
17 Japan Times and Advertiser, 18 April 1942, p. 30.
18 Clisby, Mark, Guilty or Innocent? The Gordon Bennett Case, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1992, p. 35.
19 Ibid., p. 38.
20 Royal Commission transcript, Bennett Inquiry, transcript of evidence, CP 2910/19, item bundle 1, B/3/2265; AA. pp. 398–99.
21 Ibid., p. 399.
22 Ibid., pp. 363–66.
23 Royal Commission transcript quoted in Lodge, A. B., The Fall of General Gordon Bennett, p. 280.
24 Legg, Frank, The Gordon Bennett Story, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1965, p. 285.
25 Royal Commission transcript, p. 362.
26 Lodge, A.B., The Fall of General Gordon Bennett, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1986, p. 281.
27 Bennett, H. Gordon, Why Singapore Fell, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1944, p. 219.
28 Royal Commission transcript, pp 397–8.
29 Ibid.
30 Ibid., p. 550.
31 Ibid. pp. 574–75.
32 Ibid., p. 578.
33 Ibid. pp 8–11.
34 Ibid., pp. 11–13.
35 Ibid pp 19–21.
36 Melbourn
e Age, 7 January 1946.
Chapter 19: Rallying to Bennett’s Defence
1 Melbourne Sun, 8 January 1946.
2 The Argus, Melbourne, 23 February 1952.
3 Galleghan, F., letter to Australian Staff College, Victoria, September 1969.
4 The Age, 20 April 1948.
5 Bennett papers, Mitchell Library, Sydney, 807/22.
6 Lodge, A.B., The Fall of General Gordon Bennett, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1986, p. 297.
7 Ibid.
8 Ibid., p. 305.
9 Fry, Thomas, ‘Legal Aspects of the Departure of Major-General Gordon Bennett from Singapore’, University of Queensland Law Journal 34, 1948, p. 35.
10 Ibid.
11 Ibid p. 34.
12 Ibid p. 56.
13 Ibid.
14 Ibid.
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid.
17 Ibid., p. 44.
18 Clisby, Mark, Guilty or Innocent? The Gordon Bennett Case, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1992, p. 114.
19 Percival, Arthur Ernest, The War in Malaya, Eyre & Spottiswoode, London, 1949.
20 Ibid.
21 Legg, Frank, The Gordon Bennett Story, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1965, p. 291.
22 Sydney Morning Herald, 4 August 1962.
23 Ibid.
24 Ibid.
Epilogue
1 Governor-General Sir Peter Cosgrove, Ballarat, 15 February 2017.
2 Email to author from Anthony Cassimatis, 26 February 2017.
3 Waddell, Jim, email to author, 28 February 2017.
4 Mead, L., email to author, 28 February 2017.
5 Email to author from Dianne Gallasch and Helen Macpherson, 15 February 2017.
6 Ibid.
7 Gaudry, Alan ‘Butch’, What it was like to be a prisoner-of-war of the Japanese 1942–1945: Memoirs of the POW experience, 22nd Brigade Headquarters Association, 15 June 1998.
8 Chippendale, John, unpublished memoir, 1997.
9 Boardman, Jack, interview with author, August 2016.
10 Harrison, Noel, interview with author, September 2016.
11 Kennedy, Arthur ‘Bluey’ George, interview with author, 24 September 2016.
12 Kennedy, Arthur ‘Bluey’ George, The Memoirs of Arthur George Kennedy, unpublished, 1977.
13 Richardson, Bart, The Army As I Saw It, self-published, 2014.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Arneil, Stan, Black Jack: The Life and Times of Brigadier Sir Frederick Galleghan, Macmillan, Melbourne and Sydney, 1983.
Bean, C.E.W., Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918, vol. I, The story of war to the end of the first phase of the Gallipoli Campaign, 4 May 1915.
Bennett, H. Gordon, Why Singapore Fell, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1944.
Bose, Romen, Secrets of the Battlebox, Marshall Cavendish Editions, Singapore, 2005.
Churchill, Winston, The Second World War, vol. IV, The Hinge of Fate, Houghton Mifflin, London, 1950.
Clisby, Mark, Guilty or Innocent? The Gordon Bennett Case, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1992.
Corfield, Justin, & Corfield, Robin, The Fall of Singapore, Hardie Grant, Melbourne, 2012.
Elphick, Peter, Singapore: The Pregnable Fortress, Coronet Books, London, 1995.
Elphick, Peter, & Smith, Michael, Odd Man Out: The Story of the Singapore Traitor, Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1993.
Forbes, Cameron, Hellfire, Pan Macmillan, Sydney, 2005.
Ford, J. M., Allies in a Bind: Australia and the Netherlands East Indies in the Second World War, Australian Netherlands Ex-Servicemen and Women’s Association, Loganholme, 1996.
Gilbert, Martin, The Churchill Documents, Testing Times, 1942, QLD College Press, Hillsdale, 2014
Hall, Timothy, The Fall of Singapore, Methuen Australia, 1983.
Horner, D.M., Crisis of Command, Australian Generalship and the Japanese Threat 1941–1943, Australian National University Press, Canberra, 1978.
Leasor, James, Singapore: The Battle That Changed the World, House of Stratus, Cornwall, 2nd edn, 2001.
Lee Kuan Yew, The Singapore Story: Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew, Marshall Cavendish Editions, Singapore, 1998.
Legg, Frank, The Gordon Bennett Story, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1965.
Lodge, A.B., The Fall of General Gordon Bennett, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1986.
Manchester, William and Reid, Paul, The Last Lion: William Spencer Churchill, Defender of the Realm, 1946–1965, Pan Macmillan, London 2015.
Maynard, Roger, Ambon: The Truth About One of the Most Brutal POW Camps in World War II and the Triumph of the Aussie Spirit, Hachette Australia, Sydney, 2014.
Maynard, Roger, Hell’s Heroes: The Forgotten Story of the Worst POW Camp in Japan, HarperCollins, Sydney, 2009.
Nelson, Hank, Prisoners of War: Australians under Nippon, ABC Enterprises, Sydney, 1985.
Newton, R.W., et al., The Grim Glory: Official History of the 2/19th Battalion, Pt 1, 2/19 Battalion AIF Association, 1st edn, 1975.
Oswald, Bruce & Waddell, Jim (eds), Justice in Arms: Military Lawyers in the Australian Army’s First Hundred Years, Big Sky Publishing, Sydney, 2014.
Penfold, A.W., et al., Galleghan’s Greyhounds: The Story of the 2/30th Australian Infantry Battalion, 2/30th Battalion AIF Association, Sydney, 1979.
Percival, Arthur Ernest, The War in Malaya, Eyre & Spottiswoode, London, 1949.
Smith, Colin, Singapore Burning, Heroism and Surrender in World War II, Penguin Books, Melbourne, 2005.
Thompson, Peter, The Battle for Singapore, Portrait, London, 2005.
Wall, Don, Singapore and Beyond, 2/20th Battalion Association, Cowra, NSW, 2000.
Wigmore, Lionel, Official History of World War II, Part 2, South-East Asia Conquered, Vol. IV – The Japanese Thrust, 1st edn, Australian Memorial, Canberra, 1957.
INDEX OF SEARCHABLE TERMS
1st Australian Imperial Force (1st AIF)
3rd Brigade
3rd Division
6th Battalion
2/3rd Motor Transport Company
2nd Australian Imperial Force (2nd AIF)
I Corps
6th Division
7th Division
8th Division see 8th Division
9th Division
5th Australian Infantry Regiment
6th Battalion Association
8th Division
2/2nd Independent Company
2/4th Anti-tank Regiment
2/4th Machine Gun Battalion
2/5th Field Hygiene Section
2/6th Field Company
2/9th Field Ambulance
2/10th Field Ambulance
2/10th Field Company
2/10th Field Regiment
2/12th Field Company
2/13th Australian General Hospital
2/15th Field Regiment
2/16th Anti-tank Battalion
2/16th Battalion
2/18th Battalion
2/19th Battalion
2/20th Battalion
2/21st Battalion
2/22nd Battalion
2/26th Battalion
2/29th Battalion
2/30th Battalion
2/40th Battalion
3rd Brigade
22nd Brigade
23rd Brigade
24th Brigade
27th Brigade
29th Battery
30th Battery
65th Battery
air support, lack of
antipathy toward
arrival in Singapore
artillery regiments
Association
Bennett as Commander
British criticism of
casualties
disbanded
doctors
Don Company
Eastforce
formation
Gemas
medal and decorations
Muar
nurses
Percival’s opinion of
prisoners of war see prisoners of war
Report of Operations in Malaya
return to Australia
Royal Australian Engineers
training
Westforce
X Battalion
9th Infantry Brigade
Alchin, Don
Alchin, Merv
Alexandra Military Hospital massacre
Ambon
Japanese landing
POW camp
Anderson, Colonel Charles
Anzac Day
Aquitania
Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
Arneil, Stan
Assheton, Lieutenant-Colonel Charles
Austin, Lieutenant
Australasian Institute of Cost Accountants
Australian Army Staff Corps
Australian Ex-Prisoners of War Memorial
Australian Special Reserve Battalion
Balwyn, Victoria
Barstow, Major-General Arthur ‘Bustling’
Baynes, Lieutenant Vernon
Beamish, Captain Tufton
Bean, C.E.W.
Beaumont, Joan
Bedell, Flying Officer Patrick
Begbie, Canon A.B.
Bennett, Bess (nee Buchanan)
Bennett, George
Bennett, Joan
Bennett, Lieutenant-General H.
Gordon
3rd Australian Corps commander
8th Division commander 8th Division men’s opinion of
actuary/accountant
army training manuals
arrival back in Australia
background
birth of daughter
Blamey as rival
British criticism of
death
deserter, whether
escape from Singapore see Bennett’s escape from Singapore
funeral
going native in Malaya
Inspector General of Training
marriage to Bess
medals and citations
military inquiry
newspaper articles about
portrait, slashing of
Why Singapore Fell (book)
WWI service
Bennett’s escape from Singapore
8th Division men’s view
desertion, whether
exoneration by government
findings of commission
findings of inquiry
Military Board’s view
military inquiry into
Percival’s view
planning
POW, whether
royal commission
sea voyage
Sturdee’s view
timing of surrender
University of Queensland Law Journal article
Beverley, Captain Frank
Bhot
Birdwood, Field Marshal William
Hero or Deserter? Page 31