by Noel Behn
4. The chief argument against adoption of the Cochran bill focused on objections to the death penalty, lack of federal funds with which to enforce the legislation, encroachment on states’ rights, the creation of an overdependence of the states on the federal government, and the centralization of too much power in the federal government.
5. FBI Summary Report, 144.
6. Ruth Pratt quoted ibid., 142.
7. Ibid., 144.
8. Ibid., 141–44.
9. Ibid., 144–54.
10. Ibid., 141–56.
Chapter 9 Go-Betweens
1. FBI Summary Report, 141–56.
2. Ibid.
3. Lindbergh Archives.
4. Robert Thayer quoted in the FBI Summary Report, 147.
5. Anne Morrow Lindbergh, Hour of Gold, Hour of Lead, 230.
6. An objector frequently cited by historians was Rev. Charles E. Coughlin, pastor of the Shrine of the Little Flower church in Royal Oak, Michigan. A notorious demagogue, Father Coughlin hosted one of the most popular radio shows in the Midwest and was already speaking favorably of Adolf Hitler.
7. FBI Summary Report, 141–56.
8. Lindbergh Archives.
9. FBI Summary Report, 141–56.
10. Waller, Kidnap, 40–41.
11. FBI Summary Report, 18.
Chapter 10 Jafsie
1. Lindbergh Archives.
2. Ibid.
3. Condon, Jafsie Tells All, 27.
4. Reports over a period of weeks in four different newspapers (the New York Herald Tribune, the New York Times, the New York American, and the New York Daily News) gave the author the impression Jafsie looked younger than his age.
5. Condon, Jafsie Tells All, 30–35. In his early written accounts of these events, Condon referred to the unknown perpetrators in the plural: kidnappers. Subsequent to a suspect being brought to trial in 1935, he generally treated the same references in the singular: kidnapper.
6. Ibid.
7. Anne Morrow Lindbergh, Hour of Gold, Hour of Lead, 232.
8. Condon, Jafsie Tells All, 35.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid., 48.
11. In one set of Division of Investigation reports, Condon is introduced to Rosner under the alias of Dr. Stico; in an other set of reports, he is referred to as Dr. Stacey.
12. Condon, Jafsie Tells All.
13. Kennedy, The Airman and the Carpenter, 95–96.
14. John F. Condon, “Jafsie Tells All,” Liberty, January 18, 1936, 7.
15. Ibid., 6–7.
16. Condon, Jafsie Tells All, 52.
17. Man on the phone quoted ibid., 56.
Chapter 11 Juggling
1. Charles A. Lindbergh quoted in Fisher, The Lindbergh Case, 38.
2. Charles A. Lindbergh quoted ibid., 38–39.
3. FBI Summary Report, 14.
4. Anne Morrow Lindbergh, Hour of Gold, Hour of Lead, 227.
5. According to Fisher, Irey’s initial contact with Lindbergh and Breckinridge was to convince them that Al Capone and his associates had nothing to do with the kidnapping, and Capone was trying to use Lindbergh to get himself out of jail (The Lindbergh Case, 31).
6. FBI Summary Report, 127.
7. Vitray, The Great Lindbergh Hullabaloo, 119.
8. Henry Breckinridge quoted ibid., 130.
9. Ibid.
10. The first note had been left on the windowsill; a second was sent to the Lindbergh estate; the third had been mailed to Henry Breckinridge at his New York City office; the fourth had been sent to John F. Condon.
11. FBI Summary Report, 141–56.
12. The dialogue between John F. Condon and the man on the telephone quoted in Condon, Jafsie Tells All, 57–58.
13. The Bronx Home News was an afternoon paper; the New York American was a morning paper that hit the newsstands the night before.
14. The exchange between Condon and the cab driver quoted in Condon, “Jafsie Tells All,” Liberty, February 1, 1936, 33.
15. Lindbergh Archives.
16. Ibid.
17. Al Reich quoted in Fisher, The Lindbergh Case, 56.
18. The dialogue between Condon and John quoted in Condon, “Jafsie Tells All,” Liberty, February 1, 1936, 34.
19. FBI Summary Report, 152.
20. Ibid., 153–54.
21. Morris Rosner quoted ibid.
22. Ibid., 154.
23. McLean, “Why I’m Still Investigating the Lindbergh Case,” pt. 4, Liberty, 1938, 38.
24. Condon, “Jafsie Tells All,” Liberty, February 8, 1936, 33.
25. Lindbergh Archives.
26. The exchange among Charles A. Lindbergh, Henry Breckinridge, and Condon quoted in Condon, “Jafsie Tells All,” Liberty, February 15, 1936, 44.
Chapter 12 Open Secrets
1. Lindbergh Archives.
2. Fisher, The Lindbergh Case, 72.
3. Ibid., 71.
4. Charles A. Lindbergh quoted ibid., 72.
5. H. Norman Schwarzkopf quoted in Waller, Kipnap, 68.
6. H. Dobson-Peacock quoted in Fisher, The Lindbergh Case, 73.
7. Ibid.
8. Lindbergh Archives.
9. Fisher, The Lindbergh Case, 74.
10. Lindbergh Archives.
11. Ibid.
12. Fisher, The Lindbergh Case, 74.
13. Waller, Kidnap, 70
14. Ibid., 71.
15. Fisher, The Lindbergh Case, 79.
16. Kennedy, The Airman and the Carpenter, 110—11.
17. Ibid., 111.
Chapter 13 Payoff
1. Lindbergh Archives.
2. Ibid.
3. Condon, Jafsie Tells All, 149.
4. Man in the cemetery quoted ibid.
5. Ibid., 156.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Lindbergh Archives.
9. Kennedy, The Airman and the Carpenter, 112; Waller, Kidnap, 79.
10. Waller, Kidnap, 80.
11. Ibid.
12. Fisher, The Lindbergh Case, 86.
13. Condon, Jafsie Tells All, 173.
14. Charles A. Lindbergh quoted ibid.
15. A Division of Investigation summary report and printed accounts from different sources say the footprint was on top of a grave. Other reports, including one from a DI operative, claim the prints were on the ground between the graves.
16. Fisher, The Lindbergh Case, 88.
17. Vitray, The Great Lindbergh Hullabaloo, 189–90.
Chapter 14 A Star Is Born
1. Kennedy, The Airman and the Carpenter, 109.
2. Fisher, The Lindbergh Case, 84.
3. FBI Summary Report, 186.
4. New York Herald Tribune, April 12, 1932; New York Times, April 12, 1932.
5. Woman at the bazaar quoted in the FBI Summary Report, 179.
6. Ibid., 180–81.
Chapter 15 A Matter of Johns
1. Fisher, The Lindbergh Case, 97; “The Case New Jersey Would Like to Forget,” Liberty, August 8, 1936.
2. John Hughes Curtiss’s John quoted in Fisher, The Lindbergh Case, 97–98.
3. Lindbergh was at Condon’s making final preparations for paying the ransom later that night.
4. Curtiss’s John quoted in Fisher, The Lindbergh Case, 99.
5. After receiving one hundred thousand dollars on March 6, Gaston B. Means extracted another four thousand dollars from Mrs. McLean.
6. The New York Herald Tribune’s summations for May 10 and 11, 1932, state that May 9 and 10 are the sixty-ninth and seventy-first days, respectively, since the child was kidnapped. What happened to the seventieth day?
Chapter 16 Eagles Depart
1. New York Herald Tribune, March 11, 1932, 1.
2. New York Times, May 13, 1932, 1; New York Herald Tribune, May 13, 1932, 3.
3. Waller, Kidnap, 102.
4. New York Times, May 13, 1932, 2; New York Herald Tribune, May 13, 1932, 3.
5. Fisher, The Lindbergh Case, 112–13.
6. New York Times, May 13, 1932, 3.
7. Schwarzkopf quoted ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. New York Herald Tribune, May 13, 1932, 2.
10. Fisher, in The Lindbergh Case (p. 437), reveals that Detective Sergeant Cornel D. Plebani, the first curator of the Lindbergh Archives, stated that the coroner Walter H. Swayze did not perform the autopsy.
11. Autopsy report, Lindbergh Archives.
12. Ibid.; New York Herald Tribune, May 13, 1932, 2.
13. New York Times, May 13, 1932; New York Herald Tribune, May 13, 1932. Harry Walsh claimed he did tell Schwarzkopf. State-police spokesmen claimed that there were actually two small holes, the second of which was made by Walsh’s stick, and that the autopsy never included the Walsh hole because it was so small. All other evidence indicates there was only one hole.
14. The words of Charles A. Lindbergh and Erwin E. Marshall quoted in the New York Times, May 13, 1932, 2.
15. Autopsy report, Lindbergh Archives.
16. Ibid.
Prelude to Book Three
1. The Lindberghs later donated their estate at Sorrel Hill to the state of New Jersey, which used it as a children’s home.
Chapter 17 Money Trails and Old Doubts
1. Kennedy, The Airman and the Carpenter, 110.
2. FBI Summary Report, 216.
3. Fisher, The Lindbergh Case, 89; the FBI Summary Report gives the date as April 10.
4. According to the FBI’s Summary Report, the NYPD took action on May 1, 1933, regarding outstanding ransom money. Rather than embrace the trooper’s practical single-page list, Finn and the head of the Fed Bank’s money division in New York City produced their own modified inventory of outstanding currency a year later. The NYPD distributed 30,000 copies to banks, brokerage houses, and selected retail businesses. An accompanying “private and confidential” circular, which made no mention of the state police or Bureau of Investigation phone numbers, said the men to contact in case a listed bill was discovered were Finn or his immediate superior, Inspector John Lyons. The number at which Finn could be reached—and the one that most of the money found in New York City would be reported to—was CAnal 6–2051.
5. Finn and Curtin, “How I Captured Hauptmann,” Liberty, November 16, 1935, 56. According to the Museum of the City of New York, Greenwich Street, which runs many blocks south of what today is considered Greenwich Village, was then considered to be in the Village.
6. Condon quoted by Wally Stroh in his statement and autobiography, from the papers of Jesse William Pelletreau, Collection of the author. Other statements by Stroh can be found in the Harold Hoffman Collection, and in the Lindbergh Archives.
7. Fisher, The Lindbergh Case, 163.
8. Ibid.
9. FBI Summary Report, 162.
10. Letter from H. Norman Schwarzkopf to Ellis Parker, Sr., August 24, 1932, Harold Hoffman Collection.
11. Letter from Parker to A. Harry Moore, August 26, 1932, ibid.
12. Fisher, The Lindbergh Case, 147.
13. Ibid., 150.
14. Kennedy, The Airman and the Carpenter, 121.
15. Anne Morrow Lindbergh, Hour of Gold, Hour of Lead, 273.
Chapter 18 Money Chase
1. Time, Time Capsule 1933, 9.
2. Albert D. Osborn was the son of Albert S. Osborn, who was also an expert in “the field of questioned documents,” as the craft of handwriting analysis was known.
3. Kennedy, The Airman and the Carpenter, 157.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid., 158.
6. Fisher, The Lindbergh Case, 17.
7. Arthur T. Keaten quoted in Kennedy, The Airman and the Carpenter, 158.
8. John Lamb quoted ibid.
9. Ibid., 176.
10. Fisher, The Lindbergh Case, 178; according to the New York Herald Tribune, September 22, 1934, the DI used black pins for five-dollar bills, red pins for tens, and green for twenties.
11. Waller, Kidnap, 204.
12. Finn and Curtin, “How I Captured Hauptmann,” Liberty, November 2, 1934, 44.
13. Kennedy, The Airman and the Carpenter, 159.
14. Waller, Kidnap, 215; Kennedy, The Airman and the Carpenter, 160, has 4U13.14.
15. The dialogue between Walter Lyle and his customer quoted in Waller, Kidnap, 213.
16. There were twenty-five New York City policemen, sixteen federal agents, and nineteen New Jersey State Troopers, according to the New York Herald Tribune, September 21, 1934, 3.
17. Ibid., September 24, 1934, 1.
18. Waller, Kidnap, 220.
19. John B. Wallace quoted in Kennedy, The Airman and the Carpenter, 168.
20. Fisher, The Lindbergh Case, 187; Waller, Kidnap, 221.
21. Albert D. Osborn quoted in Kennedy, The Airman and the Carpenter, 180.
22. Ibid., 176.
23. Ibid.
24. Schwarzkopf quoted in Fisher, The Lindbergh Case, 202.
25. The exchange between the New Jersey state troopers and Anna Hauptmann is taken from ibid., 203.
Chapter 19 The Most Hated Man in the World
1. The total amount recovered was $14,600. A breakdown of ransom loot is given in an undated joint memo from Jimmy Finn of the NYPD, William F. Horn of the NJSP, and Special Agent William F. Seery of the DI to Mr. Breslin re “Ransom Money Recovered to Date,” Lindbergh Archives. The one-page document states that 390 ten-dollar gold certificates and 493 twenty-dollar gold certificates (amounting to $13,760) were retrieved from the Hauptmann garage on September 20, 1932. On September 25, another 84 ten-dollar gold certificates ($840) were discovered in the garage. Even though the total came to $14,600, the media and law-enforcement agencies tended to round off the figure to an even $14,000 when referring to the find in Hauptmann’s possession. The memo further stated that to date $19,685 in ransom loot had been recovered from all sources, including Hauptmann’s garage.
2. Questions asked by Inspector John Lyons quoted in the official transcript of Bruno Richard Hauptmann’s interrogation, Lindbergh Archives; Hauptmann’s responses ibid.
3. Exchanges between Lyons and Condon and between Condon and the men in the lineup are quoted in material in the Harold Hoffman Collection.
4. New York Times, September 25, 1934; New York Herald Tribune, September 25, 1934; New York Daily News, September 25, 1934.
5. Anthony Scaduto quoted in Kidnapped: Reliving the Lindbergh Case, New Jersey Network Production, 1989.
6. Kennedy, The Airman and the Carpenter, 204.
7. Frank Fitzpatrick’s, Russell Hopstatter’s, and Russell M. Stoddard’s remarks about Tom Cassidy quoted ibid., 204, 205.
8. Fisher, The Lindbergh Case, 250.
9. Kennedy, The Airman and the Carpenter, 204.
10. Daniele Tomasetti in Kidnapped: Reliving the Lindbergh Case.
11. Kennedy, The Airman and the Carpenter, 216.
12. Millard Whited in Kidnapped: Reliving the Lindbergh Case.
13. Fisher, The Lindbergh Case, 253.
14. Bruno Richard Hauptmann quoted in the New York Times, October 7, 1934, 28.
15. The October 15, 1934, Bronx County Courthouse proceedings are described in the New York Times, October 16, 1934, 1, and in the New York Herald Tribune, October 16. 1934, 1; the questioning of Hauptmann by David Wilentz is quoted in the New York Herald Tribune, October 16, 1934, 1.
16. Wilentz quoted in the New York Post, October 16, 1934, 1.
17. New York Herald Tribune, October 17, 1934, 1.
18. Kennedy, The Airman and the Carpenter, 222.
19. Howard Knapp quoted in the New York Times, October 16, 1934, 1, and in the New York Herald Tribune, October 16, 1934, 1.
20. The exchange between Wilentz and Joseph Furcht is quoted in the New York Daily News, October 20, 1934, 1.
21. Ibid.
22. New York Daily News, October 19, 1934, 3.
23. Kennedy, The Airman and the Carpenter, 222.
24. Hoffman, “What Went Wrong with the Lindbergh Case,” Libert
y, February 5, 1938, 17.
Chapter 20 Hullabaloo
1. Alan Hynd cited in Scaduto, Scapegoat, 118.
2. John H. Curtiss quoted in Time, January 7, 1935, 16.
3. Descriptions of the Flemington scene come in part from Kennedy, The Airman and the Carpenter, 254—59; New York Times, January 3, 1935; New York Herald Tribune, January 3, 1935; and New York Daily News, January 3, 1935.
4. David Brinkley’s Journal, “Trial of the Century: Press Coverage of the Hauptmann Trial … ‘It Was a Sickness,’” WNBC-TV, January 3, 1961.
5. Whipple, The Trial of Bruno Richard Hauptmann, 48.
6. Edward J. Reilly’s remark cited by Thomas H. Sisk and quoted in Kennedy, The Airman and the Carpenter, 240.
Chapter 21 Trial of the Century
1. Reilly quoted in the transcripts of The State v. Bruno Richard Hauptmann, 1935, Lindbergh Archives.
2. Fisher, The Lindbergh Case, 280.
3. Time, January 14, 1935.
4. New York Herald Tribune, January 4, 1935, 1.
5. Charles A. Lindbergh quoted in the transcripts of The State v. Bruno Richard Hauptmann, 1935, Lindbergh Archives.
6. The exchange among Reilly, Wilentz, and Justice Thomas W. Trenchard was reported in the New York Times, January 5, 1935, 1, and in the New York Herald Tribune, January 5, 1935, 1.
7. The exchange between Joseph Perrone and Bruno Richard Hauptmann quoted in the transcripts of The State v. Bruno Richard Hauptmann, 1935, Lindbergh Archives.
8. The exchange between Wilentz and Condon quoted in Whipple, The Trial of Bruno Richard Hauptmann, 228.
9. Reilly and C. Lloyd Fisher quoted in Whipple, The Trial of Bruno Richard Hauptmann, 292.
10. Arthur Koehler quoted in the New York Herald Tribune, January 24, 1935, 1.
11. Fisher quoted in Whipple, The Trial of Bruno Richard Hauptmann, 365.
12. Ibid., 63.
13. The exchange between Wilentz and Bruno Richard Hauptmann quoted in Whipple, The Trial of Bruno Richard Hauptmann, 436.
14. New York Herald Tribune, January 26, 1935, 6.
15. The exchange between Wilentz and Bruno Richard Hauptmann regarding the spelling of boat quoted in Whipple, The Trial of Bruno Richard Hauptmann, 404–5; the observation by the newspaper reporter from the New York Herald Tribune, January 26, 1935, 9.
16. The exchange between Wilentz and Bruno Richard Hauptmann regarding Cemetery John quoted in Whipple, The Trial of Bruno Richard Hauptmann, 406; Whipple renders the alias as “Perlmeyer.”
17. Bruno Richard Hauptmann quoted in the New York Herald Tribune, January 26, 1935, 9, and in the New York Times, February 1, 1935, 13.