by David Isby
INDEX
A
affinity groups, 25, 31, 35, 44–45, 50–52, 77, 218, 348, 370
Afghan conflicts, 187–243
and center—periphery, 210–13
and corruption, 199–208
ethnolinguistic conflicts, 189–93
and gender issues, 223–35
and governance, 241–43
internal conflicts, 187–243
and land/water rights, 221–23
and modernization, 208–10
outcome of, 372–74, 395–97
and political leadership, 213–15
religious conflicts, 194–99
and warlords, 215–19
Afghan insurgents, 130–69
and collateral damages, 297–99
countering, 291–332
response to, 299–304
and security forces, 309–23
spread of, 307–9
stopping, 328–32
Afghan narcotics, 170–86
countering, 179–86
impact of, 177–79
and insurgency, 170–86
and options, 181–83
Afghan Taliban
post-2001, 86–88, 136–39
pre-2001, 136–39
rise of, 81–86
Afghanistan
aid to, 333–67
chronology of, xvii—xxii
conflicts in, 187–243, 372–74, 395–97
corruption in, 199–208, 358–59
demographics of, 236–38
economy in, 359–62
future of, 368–97
governance of, 241–43, 352–54
influence on, 270–80, 374–81, 390–95
insurgents in, 130–69, 291–332
last chance for, 381–88
map of, vi—vii
modernization of, 208–10
new Afghanistan, 362–64
reconstruction of, 333–67
security forces in, 309–23
solutions for, 238–41
threat to, 119–24
Afridi, Mangal Bagh, 251
Afzali, Zalmay, 178–80, 184
aid
to Afghanistan, 267, 285, 333–67
buying into, 346–52
and conflict, 333–67
and corruption, 358–59
divided efforts for, 341–43
and economy, 359–62
Kerry-Lugar bill, 267, 285, 364–67
to Pakistan, 364–67
success of, 343–45
Akhund, Mullah Birader, 138
Al Qaeda resilience, 3–17
al Yazid, Mustafa Abu, 120
al-Libi, Abu Yahya, 120
Al-Zawahiri, Ayman, 120
Amanullah, King, 57
Anders, Dave, 142
Atmar, Mohammed Hanif, 43, 122–23, 148, 199, 306, 320–26
Atta, Ustad Mohammed, 182, 190
Aziz, Maulana Abdul, 257–58
B
Babur, Nasrullah, 34, 247
Bahadur, Hafiz Gul, 255, 264
Baluchistan insurgency, 245–47
Barrett, Richard, 168
Belcher, Chris, 142
Bhittani, Turkistan, 264
Bhutto, Benazir, 34, 124–25, 247, 268
Bhutto, Zulfiqar Ali, 77, 247
Biden, Joseph, 217
bin Laden, Osama, 13, 38, 86–87, 94, 100, 102, 108, 115, 121–24, 131, 142, 273
binabd-al-Hakim, Maulavi Abd-al-Hadi “Pash Wa’l,” 166
Blanchette, Richard, 143, 165–66, 238, 303
Brahimi, Lakhdar, 337, 345
Bugti, Nawab Akbar Shabaz Khan, 245
Burke, Edmund, 187
Burt, Richard, 89
Bush administration, 95–98, 269, 274, 300, 365, 392
C
Callwell, C. E., 291
Carter, Ashton, 284
Cavoli, Chris, 153–54, 162–64, 327
CENTCOM, 305–6
center—periphery, 210–13
change, pushing, 54–60
chronology of Afghanistan, xvii—xxii
Churchill, Winston, 187
client—patron relationships, 46–50, 55, 189, 218
Clinton, Hilary, 379
collateral damages, 297–99
conflicts
and aid, 333–67
and center—periphery, 210–13
and corruption, 199–208
defined by, 21–60
ethnolinguistic conflicts, 189–93
and frontiers, 10–13
and gender issues, 223–35
and governance, 241–43
internal conflicts, 187–243
and land/water rights, 221–23
and legitimacy, 36–39
losing, 13–17
and modernization, 208–10
multiple, 4–10
outcome of, 372–74, 395–97
and political leadership, 213–15
religious conflicts, 194–99
support for, 13–17
and warlords, 215–19
winning, 289–397
corruption, 199–208, 358–59
Cowper-Coles, Sherard, 6
Craddock, Bantz, 178, 295
Cronin, Audrey Kurth, 128
D
Daoud, Mohammed, 45, 140
demographics, 236–38
Dobbins, James, 73, 103, 275, 327
Dostum, Abdul Rashid, 66, 190, 194, 216–17, 222
Drummond, Jim, 42, 240, 354, 363
Durand Line, 4, 11, 26, 39, 62–63, 68, 71, 74, 85–86, 259–60, 278, 283–84, 392, 396
Durand, Mortimer, 62
dwellers in vortex, 61–88
E
Eide, Kai, 345
Elphinstone, Mountstuart, 21, 54, 59, 65, 191
Es’haq, Mohammed, 387
ethnolinguistic conflicts, 189–93
ethnolinguistic divisions, 25–30
exiles, returning, 220–21
F
Fahim, Mohammed Qassam, 204, 219, 309–10
failure, 6–17
faith, 30–36
Farivar, Massoud, 147
Fazlullah, Mullah, 255–56
Ferdinand, Franz, 3
Fidai, Mohammed Halim, 325–26
Frontiers, 10–13, 61–63, 71–77, 89, 280–83
future of Afghanistan, 368–97
future of Pakistan, 388–90
G
Gailani, Pir Sayid Ahmed, 35
Galbraith, Peter, 207
Gates, Robert, 103, 272, 306, 375, 379
gender issues, 223–35
Gentilni, Fernando, 294
Ghani, Ashraf, 7–8, 139, 167, 189, 201, 205–6, 211–12, 219, 334, 339–42, 345
Ghani, Owari, 260
Ghazi, Mullah Abdul Rashid, 257–58
Gilani, Yousaf Raza, 72, 261–62, 268
Gingrich, Newt, 283
glossary, xi—xv
Goethe, 107
H
Hadiri, Mohammed Ashraf, 238
Hainse, Marquis, 148, 153, 160, 162, 320, 327
Hanif, Alim, 43, 122–23, 148, 199, 320, 323, 325
Haq, Qazi Mahbubul, 251
Haq, Zia ul, 73–74, 77, 79
Haqqani, Husain, 73
Haqqani, Jaluladin, 79, 133, 140–42, 144, 174, 264, 269, 328, 331
Haqqani, Sirajjuddin, 123, 133, 140–42, 144, 174, 264, 269, 328, 331
hard men, 1–4, 10, 15–17, 141, 382, 396
Hayden, Michael, 110
Haynes, Jeff, 314, 316
Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin, 2, 32–33, 53–54, 70, 74, 82, 92, 133, 140–42, 151, 328, 331
Hoffman, Bruce, 99, 149
Holbrooke, Richard, 180, 183, 200, 217, 270, 291, 375
I
infidels, 2–16, 56, 85, 114, 122–28, 156–61, 173–77, 228–29, 329–31, 351
institutions and power, 39–44
insurgents
in Afghanistan, 130–69, 291–332
in Baluchistan, 245–47
>
countering, 291–332
and development, 159–62
ethnicity of, 142–49
funding, 168–69
intimidation by, 162–63, 169
leaders of, 140–42
and legitimacy, 153–58
and narcotics, 170–86
in Pakistan, 244–87
recruiting, 163–64
response to, 299–304
and security forces, 309–23
spread of, 307–9
strategy of, 149–53, 164–67
intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR), 305–6
internal conflicts, 187–243
Ittehad-i-Islam, Abdurrab Rasul Sayyaf, 29
J
Jackson, Michael, 228
Jalali, Ali, 311, 332, 352
Jalil, Mullah Abdul, 138
Jawad, Sayid T., 206
Joya, Malalai, 234
K
Kakar, Malalai, 323
Kalakani, Habibullah, 65
Karzai, Hamid, 30, 53, 56–58, 67–68, 97–99, 170, 190–201, 206–7, 211–12, 221, 229, 277, 298–300, 356, 384
Karzai, Walid, 42, 201
Kennan, George, 333
Kerry-Lugar bill, 267, 285, 364–67
Khailzad, Zalmay, 68, 157
Khalis, Younis, 32, 63, 138–39
Khan, Haji Juma, 201
Khan, Ismail, 66, 157, 217, 265, 275
Kharokhail, Massoud, 67–68, 155, 229, 242, 325, 356
Khattak, Afrasiab, 265
Kilcullen, David, 100
Ki-Moon, Ban, 294
Kipling, Rudyard, 130
Kiyani, Ashfaq Pervez, 267–68
Kukikhel, Ahmad Khan, 259
L
Lafraie, Najibullah, 212
Laghmani, Abdullah, 307
Lamb, Graham, 325
lands
and ethnolinguistic divisions, 25–30
land rights, 221–23
and people, 21–25
in vortex, 19–103
legitimacy of conflicts, 36–39
Lockhart, Clare, 333
M
Mahmoud, Sufi Shah, 262
Mahnken, Tom, 324
Malik, Rahman, 261–62
Manawi, Fazel Ahmad, 197
Manningham-Butler, Eliza, 117
Mansur, Maulavi Abdul Latif, 138
Maples, Michael D., 119
maps, vi—vii
Massoud, Ahmad Shah, 32, 51–54, 66–69, 92–94, 120–22, 140–41, 194, 207, 279, 387
Massoud, Behtullah, 269
Mazlumyar, Ali Shah, 179
McChrystal, Stanley, 146, 156, 294, 304, 315, 320, 328, 330, 340, 356, 375–79
McGonville, James C., 315, 353, 357
McKiernan, David, 294, 375
McNiece, Patrick, 103, 119, 133, 137, 142, 164, 166, 265, 276–77
Medley, Dominic, 315
Mehsud, Abdullah, 249
Mehsud, Behtullah, 63, 70, 79–80, 136, 249, 254–59, 264–65, 269
Mehsud, Hakimullah, 265
Mehsud, Qari Hussein Raess, 265
Mehsud, Rehman, 265
Milley, Mark, 99, 139, 147–48, 305, 312, 320, 322
Milovic, Zoran, 163, 357
Mir, Haroun, 194
modernity, 1–2, 32–33, 208–10, 241
Mohammed, Baz, 305
Mohammed, Maulana Sufi, 389
Mohammed, Nek, 248–49, 252
Mohammed, Sufi, 256
Mohammedi, Mohammed Nabi, 138
Mojadidi, Sayid Sibghatullah, 35, 331
Mujahid, Anwar-ul-Haq, 139–40
Mullen, Mike, 297
Musharraf government, 95, 98–99, 248, 257, 281, 301, 365, 388
Musharraf, Pervez, 95–101, 125, 150, 248, 252, 267–71, 280–86, 388
Mu’tasim, Mullah Agha Jan, 138
N
Najibullah regime, 57, 69–70, 216, 385
Namdar, Haji, 258–59
narcotics trafficking, 170–86
countering, 179–86
impact of, 177–79
and insurgency, 170–86
and options, 181–83
threats from, 172–79
Nazir, Maulavi, 258, 264
Negroponte, John, 302
Nikpai, Ruhollah, 188
Noorzai, Haji Bashir, 201
Novak, Michael, 199
O
Obama administration, 123, 133, 269–71, 274, 304, 366, 375–81
Obama, Barack, 240, 285, 375–76, 386
Olson, Eric, 302
Omar, Maulavi, 257
Omar, Mullah, 2, 13, 38, 49, 69–70, 85–86, 102, 136–41, 144, 150, 165, 173, 273
outsiders, 235–36
P
Pakistan
aid to, 364–67
future of, 388–90
influence on, 270–80
insurgents in, 244–87
map of, vi—vii
policy of, 90–100
strategy of, 100–103
threat to, 124–26, 283–87
in vortex, 71–76
Pakistani insurgency, 244–87
countering, 263–68
fights with, 261–63
ongoing insurgency, 268–70
responding to, 257–61
rise of, 247–51
spread of, 251–57
patron—client relationships, 46–50, 55, 189, 218
people
and ethnolinguistic divisions, 25–30
faith of, 30–36
and land, 21–25
in vortex, 61–88
Peters, Gretchen, 168, 174, 177
Petraeus, David, 133, 143, 151, 167–68, 183–84, 236, 240, 266, 294, 313, 324–25, 327, 357, 366
political leadership, 213–15
Pound, Ezra, 1–5
power
and institutions, 39–44
state power, 44–47, 65–68
and warlords, 215–19
Princip, Gavrilo, 3–4
Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs), 354–58
Pushtuns
governance of, 76–81
neighbors of, 68–71
and state power, 65–68
world of, 64–65
Q
Qabir, Abdul, 138
qawms, 25, 31, 35, 44–45, 50–52, 77, 218, 348, 370
R
Rabbani, Burnhaddin, 32
Rahimi, Mohammed Asif, 306
Rahman, Abdur, 30, 40, 71, 146, 209, 211, 307
Rahman, Malik, 261–62
Rahman, Qazi Zia, 260
Rashid, Ahmed, 115, 253, 287
Rasmussen, Anders Fogh, 381
reconstruction projects, 333–67
Registani, Saleh, 189, 240, 311, 327
Rehman, Khalil, 264
religious conflicts, 194–99
Riedel, Bruce, 114
Rodriguez, David, 295
Rogers, Will, 368
Rohde, David, 142
Rowswell, Ben, 320
S
Said, Shaikh, 120
Saikal, Mahmoud, 54
Salam, Mullah, 151
Saleh, Amrullah, 306
Sandeman, Robert, 61
security forces, 309–23
self-defense, 323–28
Shaefer, Teresita, 246, 267
Sharif, Nawaz, 268, 270, 280
Sherzai, Gul Agha, 145
Shinwari, Faisal Ahmad, 196–97
Smith, Adam, 244
special operation forces (SOF), 304–6
Special Operations Command (SOCOM), 305
Stanekzai, Mohamed Mahmud, 99
state power, 44–47, 65–68
T
takfir, 2, 85, 112, 114, 126–27, 331
Taliban in Afghanistan
post-2001, 86–88, 136–39
pre-2001, 136–39
rise of, 81–86
technology, 16, 33, 111, 118, 135, 255, 306, 343
terrorism
networked terrorism, 108–11
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threat to Afghanistan, 119–24
threat to Pakistan, 124–26
threats from vortex, 105–287
transnational terrorism, 107–29
timeline of Afghanistan, xvii—xxii
totalitarians, 1–2, 197, 225, 233, 329
transnational terrorism, 107–29
U
United States, role of, 270–80, 374–81, 390–95
V
Varughese, George, 239
vortex. See also Afghanistan; Pakistan
born in, 81–86
creating, 76–81, 90–95
dwellers in, 61–88
lands in, 19–103
out of, 1–17
shaping, 86–88
threats from, 105–287
transnational terror from, 114–19
W
Wahid, Mullah Abdul, 222
war ideas, 111–14
Ward, Mark, 309, 344, 356–57, 359, 362
Wardak, Rahim, 153, 199, 291, 298, 306, 310, 312, 327
warlords, 52–54, 215–19
water rights, 221–23
Waziristan insurgency, 263–68
Weber, Max, 11
Weinbaum, Marvin, 287
Winslet, Kate, 228
Z
Zahir, King, 209, 213, 278, 340, 347, 393
Zaihuddin, Qari, 264, 265
Zardari, Asif Ali, 262, 268, 271, 274, 281, 364, 388
Zia, Eshan, 43, 46, 215, 242, 336, 363
Zia, ul Haq, 73–74, 77, 79
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