Tommy and, 236–37, 423
as White House resident, 236–37, 362, 363, 387, 423, 456, 457
World’s Fair work of, 55, 85, 120, 143
Highlander Folk School, 243, 245, 565
Hill, T. Arnold, 106, 339, 340, 342–43
Hitler, Adolf, 17, 31, 56, 61, 68, 69, 78, 91, 93, 100, 108, 113–14, 115, 116, 119, 120, 125–26, 131, 135, 140, 150, 157, 163, 172, 195, 198, 218–19, 227, 242, 252, 255, 286, 315, 317n, 322, 325, 331, 367, 370, 372, 454, 468, 470
character of, 122
Communists and, 30, 41, 92, 154, 327
and creation of Master Race, 320, 321
Czechoslovakia and, 18, 29, 30, 148n–49n
edicts of, 150, 199, 320
eugenics program of, 136–37
FDR’s messages to, 39–40, 63
France and, 276, 279–81, 327, 374
Jews and, 46–47, 82, 99, 132, 155, 192, 199, 374, 453, 469, 491, 498, 499
lack of opposition to, 26, 27, 30, 41, 90, 92, 359
Mussolini and, 21, 39, 375
Poland and, 40, 149, 155, 262
women as viewed by, 46–47
Hobby, Oveta Culp, 428, 440, 443–44, 518
Hooker, Harry, 185, 318, 325, 534
Hoover, Herbert, 26, 43, 61n, 64, 210, 225, 475
Hoover, J. Edgar, 153, 157, 159, 337n, 419, 466, 467–68
Hopkins, Diana, 73, 106, 143, 267, 422, 423, 428, 429
Hopkins, Harry, 73, 268, 284–85, 295–96, 308, 343, 391, 411, 422, 423, 459, 464, 477
ER and, 267, 277, 300, 401, 432, 467, 526
failing health of, 143, 532
FDR and, 267, 297, 351, 387, 390, 403, 428–29, 452, 491, 501, 532
marriage of, 428–29, 430
stomach cancer of, 106, 267
Hopkins, Louise Macy, 428–30
House of Representatives, U.S., 62–63, 86–90, 105, 138, 161, 282, 489, 564
see also Dies Committee
housing:
affordable, 9, 53, 54, 59–60, 90, 93, 237, 238–39, 385–87
discrimination in, 406, 497, 564, 566–67
Howard University, 32–33, 34, 310, 473
Howe, Louis, 225, 267, 362–63
Hull, Cordell, 42, 64, 99, 99n, 101, 114, 115, 116, 120, 138, 163, 164, 272, 287, 298, 403, 490, 491, 499
“Humanistic Democracy—The American Ideal” (E. Roosevelt), 159
human rights, 9, 11, 13
ER’s crusade for, 542, 545, 549–71
Hungary, 40, 92, 99, 114, 135, 164, 500, 518
Huntington, Alice, 119, 120, 293, 346, 359
Ibn Saud, King of Saudi Arabia, 529, 530–32
Ickes, Harold, 34, 35, 74, 99, 99n–100n, 100, 105, 106, 114, 122, 123, 147, 256, 279, 280, 283, 292, 295–96, 298, 359, 381, 385–86, 435, 475
refugees supported by, 27, 379–80, 381, 501, 510, 521
immigrants, immigration, 190, 222, 328, 329, 330, 369, 372–73, 379–80
quotas for, 27–30, 83
suspicion and fear of, 260–61, 417–18, 498
India:
famine in, 477, 492, 517
independence movement in, 434–35, 436–37, 439, 441–42, 459, 463–65, 491–92, 517, 535–36, 558
Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees, 152, 236, 471
International Labor Organization (ILO), 322, 376, 560
International Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU), 11, 265, 497
International Student Service (ISS), 286, 364–65, 394–95, 415, 428, 436
isolationism, 18–19, 22–23, 29, 40, 45, 65, 91, 101, 136, 141, 156, 161, 164, 220, 255, 261–62, 269, 274, 279, 280, 291, 358, 376, 393, 396
Israel, 14, 556, 558
Italy, 40, 68, 100n, 114, 115, 189, 204, 218, 255, 269, 271–72, 331, 332, 346, 365, 404
Jackson, Robert, 122, 205–6, 245, 283, 330
Japan, 40, 41–42, 61, 99, 115, 241, 331–32, 363, 396, 403, 533n
China invaded by, 269. 278, 460
early victories of, 405, 409, 418
Japanese-Americans, 11
fear and suspicion about, 405, 407, 417–18, 420
internment of, 416–21
Jews, 47, 64, 80, 82, 96–97, 100, 126–27, 152, 157, 163–64, 192, 193, 194, 222, 312, 317, 358–59, 369, 374–75, 430, 451
Arab enmity toward, 530–31
Nazi slaughter of, 199, 452–53, 469, 475, 490–91, 498, 499–500, 515, 530, 538
in Poland, 132, 150
as refugees, see refugees, Jewish
Justice Department, U.S., 137, 154, 204, 205, 244, 337
Kellogg, Paul, 407, 408, 415, 535
Kennedy, Joseph P., 100, 140–41, 219, 258, 347–48, 358, 359, 376, 390
King, Mackenzie, 71, 75, 76, 78
Kingdon, Frank, 171, 249, 253–54, 289, 290, 369–70, 373, 377, 378, 389, 431
Knox, Frank, 11, 172, 280, 289, 339, 340, 341–42
Ku Klux Klan, 158, 204, 205, 243, 473
Lachmann, Vera, 222–24
LaGuardia, Fiorello, 75, 87n, 333, 401, 405, 408, 475
Lape, Esther, 41, 104, 179, 248–49, 286, 292, 293, 328n, 394, 507, 564
American Foundation and, 5, 59, 376
ER’s correspondence with, 8, 36–37, 277, 428, 477, 483, 493–94, 542, 549–50
as ER’s mentor and confidant, 5, 20, 85, 129, 493
Tommy and, 6, 7, 60, 76, 110, 225, 236, 237, 240, 271, 405, 428, 442, 462, 478, 479, 504, 528
World Court and, 5, 128–29, 300, 493
Lash, Joseph, 7, 211, 212, 255, 265, 268–69, 288, 293–95, 297, 318, 334, 342, 343, 390, 394, 401, 402, 407, 410, 423, 435, 460, 461, 463, 528, 542
in Army Air Force, 422–23, 482, 516, 525
Army Intelligence investigation of, 466–67
ASU and, 95n, 174, 175–76, 177, 182, 183, 208
AYC and, 8–9, 174, 206, 285, 334
on ER, 9, 175, 197, 262, 402, 486, 495, 522
ER and, 9, 176–77, 182–83, 196–201, 253, 266–67, 293–95, 297–98, 351, 364–68, 387–88, 391–92, 397, 398, 399–400, 408, 422, 456, 474, 495, 525
on ER-FDR relationship, 209, 377, 385, 422, 503
ER’s correspondence with, 286, 383, 398, 442, 474, 482, 488, 490, 492, 495, 506, 510, 511, 512, 516, 518, 522, 529, 533, 541
Spanish Civil War and, 176, 220, 366, 466
Trude and, see Lash, Trude Pratt, Joe and
Lash, Trude Pratt, 7, 344, 360, 361, 389, 423, 460, 465, 482, 510, 528, 542, 552n
ER and, 14, 294, 295, 366, 394, 396–97, 428, 436, 446, 456, 467, 468, 469, 474, 486, 503, 516, 517, 525, 541
ER’s correspondence with, 367, 495, 511, 514, 544
Joe and, 9, 285, 286, 288, 294, 295, 364, 367–68, 388, 391–92, 397, 466, 485–86, 490, 491, 516, 525, 564
marriage of Eliot Pratt and, 286, 367–68, 396
Latin America, 61, 421, 501, 554
Lattimore, Owen, 461, 479, 486n, 536
Leach, Agnes Brown, 168, 343, 351, 360
League of Nations, 31, 40, 287, 300, 322, 490, 544, 555
Leahy, William, 377, 513, 517
LeHand, Missy, 134, 139, 163, 167, 267, 347, 394, 401, 501, 502
death of, 513
Leopold, King of Belgium, 64, 163, 262
Lewis, John L., 210–11, 214–15, 337, 462
Lincoln, Abraham, 23, 200, 203
Lisbon, 311, 312, 369–70, 371
Lithuania, 114, 436, 556
Littell, Katherine, 47–48, 79
Littell, Norman, 47, 79, 103, 104, 174
Litvinov, Maxim, 27, 40–41, 42, 68, 113, 133, 411
London, 112, 122, 198, 219, 314–15, 330–31, 332, 347, 375, 390, 523
Blitz in,
see Blitz
UN session in, 548, 551–55
Long, Breckenridge, 426, 442, 464–65, 486n, 489, 498–500
rescue of Jews blocked by, 200, 312–13, 369, 373, 377–78, 380–81, 389–90, 471, 489, 498–99
loyalty oaths, 86, 89, 561
Luce, Clare Boothe, 1, 34n, 44, 263, 277, 292
Luce, Henry, 44, 292, 426
Luxembourg, 252, 254, 258, 262
lynchings, 54, 166, 243
McAllister, Dorothy, 131, 250, 361
MacArthur, Douglas, 423, 481, 513
McCarthyism, 561, 564–65
McCormick, Anne O’Hare, 135, 140, 275–76
MacCracken, Henry, 163, 222–23
MacDonald, James G., 373–74
McIntire, Ross, 47, 122, 539
MacLeish, Archibald, 395, 452
McMichael, Jack, 173, 174, 204, 205, 207
Malik, Charles Habbib, 557–58, 562
Mann, Heinrich, 370, 371, 372
Mann, Thomas, 368, 371, 372, 373, 377, 383, 468
Marcantonio, Vito, 86, 261, 329
Marseilles, 368, 369–71, 374, 381, 384
Marshall, George, 274, 446, 459, 467, 491, 518, 519–20, 552n, 560
Marshall, Thurgood, 12, 337, 473
Martha, Crown Princess of Norway, 56, 325, 388, 401, 423, 446, 502
Mary of Teck, Queen Consort of England, 65, 111–12, 446–47
Matthews, J. B., 175, 181–82
Mercer, Lucy, see Rutherfurd, Lucy Mercer
Michelson, Charles, 292, 297, 355
Miller, Earl, 6, 7–8, 21, 82, 85, 97, 109, 145, 200, 215, 216, 225, 239–40, 293–94, 351, 363, 366, 387, 388, 389, 456, 528, 564
Molotov, Vyacheslav, 42, 113–14, 140, 227, 438, 439, 490
Moral Basis of Democracy, The (E. Roosevelt), 108, 302, 303–8, 319, 353, 382
Morgenthau, Elinor, 7, 102, 128, 179, 271, 293, 326, 343, 351, 360, 401, 420, 451, 456, 495, 503, 514, 520, 536, 552
Morgenthau, Henry, 34n, 77, 100n, 102, 116, 128, 405, 419, 421, 443, 451–52, 460, 463, 466, 467, 475, 477, 485, 495, 499, 502, 521, 537–38
and rescue of Jews, 488–89, 498–99, 501, 510
Munich Agreement, 114–15
Munich Conference (1938), 40
Murphy, Robert, 205n, 219, 258, 448
Murray, Pauli, 1, 431, 432, 433, 435–37, 564
Mussolini, Benito, 21, 39–40, 63, 78, 91, 115, 116, 148n–49n, 204, 218, 255, 271–72, 285, 332, 346, 375, 476
NAACP, 34, 86, 92–94, 156, 170, 211, 250, 292, 310, 333, 334, 336–37, 357, 395, 428, 431, 437, 463, 510, 511, 517, 521, 536
anti-lynching law and, 31–32, 166
in campaign against racial discrimination, 338, 341, 472, 519
conventions of, 86, 92–93, 94, 561
Legal Defense and Education Fund of, 12, 473, 519
Spingarn Medal and, 36, 93
Nation, 192, 193, 249–50, 380
National Council of Negro Women (NCNW), 211, 343, 407
National Youth Administration (NYA), 54, 86, 117, 142, 160, 213, 228, 239, 249, 271, 310, 325, 339, 357, 426
Nazi-Soviet Pact, 113–15, 117, 133–34, 135, 140, 153, 172, 178, 195, 196, 201, 203, 210, 219, 247, 257, 321, 393
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 434, 435, 437, 491–92
Neilson, William Allan, 221–22, 395
Netherlands, 81, 140, 163, 252–54
Nazi invasion of, 255–56, 262
Neutrality Acts, 22, 42, 79, 90, 98, 102, 123, 136, 137–38, 161, 269, 280, 393
New Deal, 23, 53, 58–59, 93, 96, 105, 141–42, 154, 156, 167, 173, 175, 178, 200, 201, 204, 206, 229, 237, 269, 279, 300, 302, 305, 308, 309, 321, 342, 343, 345, 346, 356, 376, 387, 425, 559, 568
opposition to, 17, 32, 59, 69, 71, 86, 90, 93, 94, 96, 105, 147, 156, 158, 167, 172, 412
see also Works Progress Administration
New Republic, 380, 424, 454
Newspaper Guild, 10, 184, 186, 360
New York Herald Tribune, 85, 370, 506, 515
New York Times, 24, 38, 43, 50, 57, 67, 78, 81, 85, 114, 135, 136, 158–59, 171, 173, 175, 176, 181, 185, 228–29, 241, 264, 275–76, 284, 300, 318, 319, 353, 400, 444, 474–75, 504
New York World’s Fair (1939), 43, 55–56, 71, 85, 104, 120, 143, 264, 265–66, 316n
New Zealand, 465, 479, 480, 483
Nicolson, Harold, 40, 42, 78, 114, 118, 122, 124, 136, 187, 219, 281, 326–27, 451
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 198, 289, 465
North Africa, 280
Allied invasion of, 431, 438, 446, 448
Darlan Deal and, 449, 451–52, 457
Vichy regime in, 280, 448–49, 451–52, 458, 460, 466
Norton, Mary, 56, 543, 545
Norway, 56, 246, 252, 254
Nazi invasion of, 241
neutrality of, 227
Nye, Gerald, 90, 101, 101n
O’Day, Caroline, 6, 26, 29–30, 34, 35, 62–63, 85, 88, 90–91, 92, 161, 229, 321, 360, 404
Office of Civilian Defense (OCD), 401, 402, 405, 407–8, 412–15
Office of War Information and Psychological Warfare (OWI), 450, 454, 457, 485
Offie, Carmel, 112, 134, 139, 163
oil, 471, 531, 532, 548
“On Jews” (E. Roosevelt), 127–28
Osthagen, Henry, 6, 215, 216, 293, 351, 389
Oswego, N.Y., refugee camp at, 510, 520–21
Pacific Theater, ER’s tour of, 465, 479–84
Palestine, 26, 64, 79–80, 152, 157, 311, 427, 486–88, 501, 530, 532, 547–48, 554, 556
Palmer, Charles F., 385, 386, 387
Paris, 112, 134, 273, 516
Nazi occupation of, 275–76, 279
Parliament, British, 113, 115, 219, 252, 314, 375
Patterson, Robert, 339, 340, 483
Patton, George S., 203, 448, 538
Pearl Harbor, Japanese attack on, 403–4, 416, 419
Pehle, John, 489, 498, 499, 500, 501
Perkins, Frances, 26, 27, 123, 147, 287, 296–97, 299, 376–77
Pétain, Henri-Philippe, 271, 276, 280–81
Phillips, Caroline Astor Drayton, 150–51, 187, 189, 191–92, 442
Phillips, William, 150–51, 189, 191–92, 271–72, 442, 463–64
Pickens, Harriet Ida, 11, 95n, 211, 334, 342
Pickens, William, 12, 211, 334
Pickett, Clarence, 26, 62, 83, 155, 229, 321, 421
Pinchot, Cornelia Bryce “Leila,” 31, 34, 408, 437
Pinchot, Gifford, 31, 34, 437
Pius XII, Pope, 69, 189–92, 199, 228
Poland, Poles, 40, 69, 92, 115, 119, 135, 149, 153, 178, 189, 194, 199, 203, 210, 225, 229, 246–47, 498, 518, 533n, 556, 163–64, 254
lack of Western aid to, 135–36
massacres in, 132–33, 139–40, 151, 199, 452, 515, 530
Nazi air raids on, 174
Nazi invasion of, 120, 131, 139–40, 150–51, 262
partition of, 114
refugee crisis in, 161–63
refugees from, 236
“resettlement” camps in, 152
resistance movement in, 453–54
Soviet invasion of, 133–34, 135–36
Polier, Justine Wise, 9–10, 27, 382, 407
poll taxes, 93, 96, 156, 251
Port Chicago, munitions explosion at, 511–12, 519–20
Potsdam Conference (1945), 547
poverty, 28, 86, 160
Pratt, Eliot, 286, 367, 388, 397
President’s Advisory Committee on Political Refugees (PACPR), 312, 313, 369, 373
press, freedom of, 95–96
public health, 59, 247–48, 251
Quakers, 34, 169, 170, 179, 321, 489
&n
bsp; Quanza, SS, 82n, 311–13, 369
Quebec Conference (1944), 484, 514, 516, 517, 518
“Race, Religion and Prejudice” (E. Roosevelt), 424
racial violence, 204, 243, 336, 473, 511
racism, 11, 54, 96–97, 155, 156, 166, 169, 204, 310–11, 321, 329, 333–36, 338, 340, 350, 357–58, 413, 414–15, 416, 424, 431–34, 435, 436, 439–40, 446, 450–51, 472–73, 497, 518–21, 535, 545, 561, 564, 566
Randolph, A. Philip, 333, 339, 340, 342–43, 432–33, 568
Raset, Zena, 398, 399, 423
Rathbone, Eleanor, 14, 476, 485
Read, Elizabeth, 5, 6, 7, 20, 36, 60, 85, 128–29, 179, 225, 237, 271, 277, 286, 293, 328n, 493–94
Reading, Stella, 3, 14, 141, 390, 401, 440, 443–44, 445, 475–76, 485, 522–23, 557
Red Cross, 138, 253, 263, 264, 273, 430, 444–45, 451, 479–80, 483, 507
Red Scare, 39, 147, 153–54, 155, 281–83, 328–30
Refugee Facts, 83
refugees, 61, 63–64, 92, 99, 120, 138, 151–52, 161–64, 258, 276–77, 287–91
Churchill and, 475–76, 484, 500–501
ER and, see Roosevelt, Eleanor, refugees and
in France, 164, 258, 273, 276–77, 369–70, 374, 381, 384
Jewish, 13–14, 26, 62, 69, 79–83, 189, 427, 455, 470–71, 472, 474–76, 484–85, 486, 488, 489, 498–99, 500–501, 520–21, 530, 547, 554, 555–56
Reid, Helen Rogers, 84–85, 159, 291, 370
religious freedom, 96, 238
Republican Party, Republicans, 1, 17, 23, 107, 203, 291, 346, 349
Reynaud, Paul, 258, 263, 271, 273, 276, 280
Reynolds, Agnes, 182, 267, 294, 318
Rogers, Edith Nourse, 26, 31, 393
Romania, 40, 92, 114, 135, 140, 161–62, 498, 518, 533n
rescue of Jews from, 488–89
Roosevelt, Amy, 325, 364, 400
Roosevelt, Anna Eleanor “Sistie,” 144, 185, 196, 236, 483
Roosevelt, Anna Rebecca Hall (ER’s mother), 2, 21, 266
Roosevelt, Anne Clark, 70, 103–4, 112, 116, 125, 271, 512
Roosevelt, Archibald, 204, 213
Roosevelt, Curtis “Buzzy,” 144, 196, 236
Roosevelt, Daniel Stewart, 37–38, 43
Roosevelt, Diana, 325, 364, 400
Roosevelt, Dorothy Kemp, 33, 364, 400
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 110, 129
activism of, 171, 229, 355
affinity for people, 2–3
“air our minds” luncheons of, 66
America christened by, 125
anti-Asian racial discrimination deplored by, 424
Eleanor Roosevelt, Volume 3 Page 85