Complete Works of Samuel Johnson

by Samuel Johnson

  In every trait we see his mind expand;

  The master rises by the pupil’s hand;

  We love the writer, praise his happy vein,

  Grac’d with the naiveté of the sage Montaigne.

  Hence not alone are brighter parts display’d,

  But ev’n the specks of character portray’d:

  We see the Rambler with fastidious smile

  Mark the lone tree, and note the heath-clad isle;

  But when the heroick tale of Flora charms,63

  Deck’d in a kilt, he wields a chieftain’s arms:

  The tuneful piper sounds a martial strain,

  And Samuel sings, “The King shall have his ain”:

  Two Georges in his loyal zeal are slur’d,64

  A gracious pension only saves the third! —

  By Nature’s gifts ordain’d mankind to rule,

  He, like a Titian, form’d his brilliant school;

  And taught congenial spirits to excel,

  While from his lips impressive wisdom fell.

  Our boasted Goldsmith felt the sovereign sway;

  From him deriv’d the sweet yet nervous lay.

  To Fame’s proud cliff he bade our Raphael rise;

  Hence Reynolds’ pen with Reynolds’ pencil vyes.

  With Johnson’s flame melodious Burney glows,65

  While the grand strain in smoother cadence flows.

  And you, Malone, to critick learning dear,

  Correct and elegant, refin’d, though clear,

  By studying him, acquir’d that classick taste,

  Which high in Shakspeare’s fane thy statue plac’d.

  Near Johnson Steevens stands, on scenick ground,

  Acute, laborious, fertile, and profound.

  Ingenious Hawkesworth to this school we owe,

  And scarce the pupil from the tutor know.

  Here early parts accomplish’d Jones66 sublimes,

  And science blends with Asia’s lofty rhimes:

  Harmonious Jones! who in his splendid strains

  Sings Camdeo’s sports, on Agra’s flowery plains;

  In Hindu fictions while we fondly trace

  Love and the Muses, deck’d with Attick grace.67

  Amid these names can Boswell be forgot,

  Scarce by North Britons now esteem’d a Scot?68

  Who to the sage devoted from his youth,

  Imbib’d from him the sacred love of truth;

  The keen research, the exercise of mind,

  And that best art, the art to know mankind. —

  Nor was his energy confin’d alone

  To friends around his philosophick throne;

  Its influence wide improv’d our letter’d isle,

  And lucid vigour mark’d the general style:

  As Nile’s proud waves, swol’n from their oozy bed,

  First o’er the neighbouring meads majestick spread;

  Till gathering force, they more and more expand,

  And with new virtue fertilise the land.

  Thus sings the Muse, to Johnson’s memory just,

  And scatters praise and censure o’er his dust;

  For through each checker’d scene a contrast ran,

  Too sad a proof, how great, how weak is man!

  Though o’er his passions conscience held the rein,

  He shook at dismal phantoms of the brain:

  A boundless faith that noble mind debas’d,

  By piercing wit, energick reason grac’d:

  A generous Briton69, yet he seems to hope

  For James’s grandson, and for James’s Pope:

  With courtly zeal fair freedom’s sons defames,70

  Yet, like a Hamden, pleads Ierne’s claims.71

  Though proudly splenetick, yet idly vain,

  Accepted flattery, and dealt disdain. —

  E’en shades like these, to brilliancy ally’d,

  May comfort fools, and curb the Sage’s pride.

  Yet Learning’s sons, who o’er his foibles mourn,

  To latest time shall fondly view his urn;

  And wond’ring praise, to human frailties blind,

  Talents and virtue of the brightest kind;

  Revere the man, with various knowledge stor’d,

  Who science, arts, and life’s whole scheme explor’d;

  Who firmly scorn’d, when in a lowly state,

  To flatter vice, or court the vain and great;72

  Whose heart still felt a sympathetick glow,

  Prompt to relieve man’s variegated woe;

  Whose ardent hope, intensely fix’d on high,

  Saw future bliss with intellectual eye.

  Still in his breast Religion held her sway,

  Disclosing visions of celestial day;

  And gave his soul, amidst this world of strife,

  The blest reversion of eternal life:

  By this dispell’d, each doubt and horrour flies,

  And calm at length in holy peace he dies.

  The sculptur’d trophy, and imperial bust,

  That proudly rise around his hallow’d dust,

  Shall mould’ring fall, by Time’s slow hand decay’d,

  But the bright meed of virtue ne’er shall fade.

  Exulting Genius stamps his sacred name,

  Enroll’d for ever in the dome of Fame.

  T H E E N D.

  SAMUEL JOHNSON by Nathaniel Hawthorne

  From True Stories from History and Biography

  SAMUEL JOHNSON

  Born 1709. Died 1784.

  “Sam,” said Mr. Michael Johnson of Lichfield, one morning, “I am very feeble and ailing to-day. You must go to Uttoxeter in my stead, and tend the bookstall in the market-place there.”

  This was spoken, above a hundred years ago, by an elderly man, who had once been a thriving bookseller at Lichfield, in England. Being now in reduced circumstances, he was forced to go, every market-day, and sell books at a stall, in the neighboring village of Uttoxeter.

  His son, to whom Mr. Johnson spoke, was a great boy of very singular aspect. He had an intelligent face; but it was seamed and distorted by a scrofulous humor, which affected his eyes so badly, that sometimes he was almost blind. Owing to the same cause, his head would often shake with a tremulous motion, as if he were afflicted with the palsy. When Sam was an infant, the famous Queen Anne had tried to cure him of this disease, by laying her royal hands upon his head. But though the touch of a king or Queen was supposed to be a certain remedy for scrofula, it produced no good effect upon Sam Johnson.

  At the time which we speak of, the poor lad was not very well dressed, and wore shoes from which his toes peeped out; for his old father had barely the means of supporting his wife and children. But, poor as the family were, young Sam Johnson had as much pride as any nobleman’s son in England. The fact was, he felt conscious of uncommon sense and ability, which, in his own opinion, entitled him to great respect from the world. Perhaps he would have been glad, if grown people had treated him as reverentially as his school-fellows did. Three of them were accustomed to come for him, every morning; and while he sat upon the back of one, the two others supported him on each side, and thus he rode to school in triumph!

  Being a personage of so much importance, Sam could not bear the idea of standing all day in Uttoxeter market, offering books to the rude and ignorant country-people. Doubtless he felt the more reluctant on account of his shabby clothes, and the disorder of his eyes, and the tremulous motion of his head.

  When Mr. Michael Johnson spoke, Sam pouted, and made an indistinct grumbling in his throat; then he looked his old father in the face, and answered him loudly and deliberately.

  “Sir,” said he, “I will not go to Uttoxeter market!”

  Mr. Johnson had seen a great deal of the lad’s obstinacy ever since his birth; and while Sam was younger, the old gentleman had probably used the rod, whenever occasion seemed to require. But he was now too feeble, and too much out of spirits, to contend with this stubborn a
nd violent-tempered boy. He therefore gave up the point at once, and prepared to go to Uttoxeter himself.

  “Well Sam,” said Mr. Johnson, as he took his hat and staff, “If, for the sake of your foolish pride, you can suffer your poor sick father to stand all day in the noise and confusion of the market, when he ought to be in his bed, I have no more to say. But you will think of this, Sam, when I am dead and gone!”

  So the poor old man (perhaps with a tear in his eye, but certainly with sorrow in his heart) set forth towards Uttoxeter. The gray-haired, feeble, melancholy Michael Johnson! How sad a thing it was, that he should be forced to go, in his sickness, and toil for the support of an ungrateful son, who was too proud to do any thing for his father, or his mother, or himself! Sam looked after Mr. Johnson, with a sullen countenance, till he was out of sight.

  But when the old man’s figure, as he went stooping along the street, was no more to be seen, the boy’s heart began to smite him. He had a vivid imagination, and it tormented him with the image of his father, standing in the market-place of Uttoxeter and offering his books to the noisy crowd around him, Sam seemed to behold him, arranging his literary merchandise upon the stall in such a way as was best calculated to attract notice. Here was Addison’s Spectator, a long row of little volumes; here was Pope’s translation of the Iliad and Odyssey; here were Dryden’s poems, or those of Prior. Here, likewise, were Gulliver’s Travels, and a variety of little gilt-covered children’s books, such as Tom Thumb, Jack the Giant-queller, Mother Goose’s Melodies, and others which our great-grandparents used to read in their childhood. And here were sermons for the pious, and pamphlets for the politicians, and ballads, some merry and some dismal ones, for the country people to sing.

  Sam, in imagination, saw his father offer these books, pamphlets, and ballads, now to the rude yeomen, who perhaps could not read a word, — now to the country squires, who cared for nothing but to hunt hares and foxes, — now to the children, who chose to spend their coppers for sugar-plums or gingerbread, rather than for picture-books. And if Mr. Johnson should sell a book to man, woman, or child, it would cost him an hour’s talk to get a profit of only sixpence.

  “My poor father!” thought Sam to himself. “How his head will ache, and how heavy his heart will be! I am almost sorry that I did not do as he bade me!”

  Then the boy went to his mother, who was busy about the house. She did not know of what had passed between Mr. Johnson and Sam.

  “Mother,” said he, “did you think father seemed very ill to-day?”

  “Yes, Sam,” answered his mother, turning with a flushed face from the fire, where she was cooking their scanty dinner. “Your father did look very ill; and it is a pity he did not send you to Uttoxeter in his stead. You are a great boy now, and would rejoice, I am sure, to do something for your poor father, who has done so much for you.”

  The lad made no reply. But again his imagination set to work, and conjured up another picture of poor Michael Johnson. He was standing in the hot sunshine of the market-place, and looking so weary, sick, and disconsolate, that the eyes of all the crowd were drawn to him. “Had this old man no son,” the people would say among themselves, “who might have taken his place at the bookstall, while the father kept his bed?” And perhaps — but this was a terrible thought for Sam! — perhaps his father would faint away, and fall down in the market-place, with his gray hair in the dust, and his venerable face as deathlike as that of a corpse. And there would be the bystanders gazing earnestly at Mr. Johnson, and whispering, “Is he dead? Is he dead?”

  And Sam shuddered, as he repeated to himself: “Is he dead?”

  “Oh, I have been a cruel son!” thought he, within his own heart. “God forgive me! God forgive me!”

  But God could not yet forgive him; for he was not truly penitent. Had he been so, he would have hastened away that very moment to Uttoxeter, and have fallen at his father’s feet, even in the midst of the crowded market-place. There he would have confessed his fault, and besought Mr. Johnson to go home, and leave the rest of the day’s work to him. But such was Sam’s pride and natural stubbornness, that he could not bring himself to this humiliation. Yet he ought to have done so, for his own sake, and for his father’s sake, and for God’s sake.

  After sunset, old Michael Johnson came slowly home, and sat down in his customary chair. He said nothing to Sam; nor do I know that a single word ever passed between them, on the subject of the son’s disobedience. In a few years, his father died and left Sam to fight his way through the world by himself. It would make our story much too long were I to tell you even a few of the remarkable events of Sam’s life. Moreover, there is the less need of this, because many books have been written about that poor boy, and the fame that he acquired, and all that he did or talked of doing, after he came to be a man.

  But one thing I must not neglect to say. From his boyhood upward, until the latest day of his life, he never forgot the story of Uttoxeter market. Often when he was a scholar of the University of Oxford, or master of an Academy at Edial, or a writer for the London booksellers, — in all his poverty and toil, and in all his success, — while he was walking the streets without a shilling to buy food, or when the greatest men of England were proud to feast him at their table, — still that heavy and remorseful thought came back to him:— “I was cruel to my poor father in his illness!” Many and many a time, awake or in his dreams, he seemed to see old Michael Johnson, standing in the dust and confusion of the market-place, and pressing his withered hand to his forehead as if it ached.

  Alas! my dear children, it is a sad thing to have such a thought as this to bear us company through life.

  Though the story was but half finished, yet, as it was longer than usual, Mr. Temple here made a short pause. He perceived that Emily was in tears, and Edward turned his half-veiled face towards the speaker, with an air of great earnestness and interest. As for George he had withdrawn into the dusky shadow behind his father’s chair.

  Chapter V

  In a few moments Mr. Temple resumed the story, as follows:

  SAMUEL JOHNSON — continued.

  Well, my children, fifty years had passed away since young Sam Johnson had shown himself so hard-hearted towards his father. It was now market-day in the village of Uttoxeter.

  In the street of the village, you might see cattle-dealers with cows and oxen for sale, and pig-drovers, with herds of squeaking swine, and farmers, with cart-loads of cabbages, turnips, onions, and all other produce of the soil. Now and then a farmer’s red-faced wife trotted along on horseback, with butter and cheese in two large panniers. The people of the village, with country squires and other visitors from the neighborhood, walked hither and thither, trading, jesting, quarrelling, and making just such a bustle as their fathers and grandfathers had made half a century before.

  In one part of the street, there was a puppet-show, with a ridiculous Merry-Andrew, who kept both grown people and children in a roar of laughter. On the opposite side was the old stone church of Uttoxeter, with ivy climbing up its walls, and partly obscuring its Gothic windows.

  There was a clock in the gray tower of the ancient church; and the hands on the dial-plate had now almost reached the hour of noon. At this busiest hour of the market, a strange old gentleman was seen making his way among the crowd. He was very tall and bulky, and wore a brown coat and small clothes, with black worsted stockings and buckled shoes. On his head was a three-cornered hat, beneath which a bushy gray wig thrust itself out, all in disorder. The old gentleman elbowed the people aside, and forced his way through the midst of them with a singular kind of gait, rolling his body hither and thither, so that he needed twice as much room as any other person there.

  “Make way, sir!” he would cry out, in a loud, harsh voice, when somebody happened to interrupt his progress.— “Sir, you intrude your person into the public thoroughfare!”

  “What a queer old fellow this is!” muttered the people among themselves, hardly knowing whether to laugh or t
o be angry.

  But, when they looked into the venerable stranger’s face, not the most thoughtless among them dared to offer him the least impertinence. Though his features were scarred and distorted with the scrofula, and though his eyes were dim and bleared, yet there was something of authority and wisdom in his look, which impressed them all with awe. So they stood aside to let him pass; and the old gentleman made his way across the market-place, and paused near the corner of the ivy-mantled church. Just as he reached it, the clock struck twelve.

  On the very spot of ground, where the stranger now stood, some aged people remembered that old Michael Johnson had formerly kept his bookstall. The little children, who had once bought picture-books of him, were grandfathers now.

  “Yes; here is the very spot!” muttered the old gentleman to himself.

  There this unknown personage took his stand, and removed the three-cornered hat from his head. It was the busiest hour of the day. What with the hum of human voices, the lowing of cattle, the squeaking of pigs, and the laughter caused by the Merry-Andrew, the market-place was in very great confusion. But the stranger seemed not to notice it, any more than if the silence of a desert were around him. He was wrapt in his own thoughts. Sometimes he raised his furrowed brow to heaven, as if in prayer; sometimes he bent his head, as if an insupportable weight of sorrow were upon him. It increased the awfulness of his aspect that there was a motion of his head, and an almost continual tremor throughout his frame, with singular twitchings and contortions of his features.

  The hot sun blazed upon his unprotected head; but he seemed not to feel its fervor. A dark cloud swept across the sky, and rain-drops pattered into the market-place; but the stranger heeded not the shower. The people began to gaze at the mysterious old gentleman, with superstitious fear and wonder. Who could he be? Whence did he come? Wherefore was he standing bare-headed in the market-place? Even the school-boys left the Merry-Andrew, and came to gaze, with wide open eyes, at this tall, strange-looking old man.

  There was a cattle-drover in the village, who had recently made a journey to the Smithfield market, in London. No sooner had this man thrust his way through the throng, and taken a look at the unknown personage, than he whispered to one of his acquaintances: