by Neal Bascomb
anti-Semitism of, 28–30, 30, 146–147, 213
after father’s capture, 145–147, 156–157, 197
relationship with Sylvia Hermann, 28–30, 32, 143
Eichmann, Ricardo (Eichmann’s son), 213
Eichmann, Vera (Veronika) Leibl, 20, 24, 26 (picture), 79–81, 197, 213
denial of Eichmann’s war crimes by, 79, 81
reaction to Eichmann missing, 140–141, 146
Eichmann (Adolf), in Argentina, 72 (picture), 75, 78–81, 80 (picture), 98, 122–123, 122 (picture), 146
denial of guilt for war crimes by, 79, 81, 148–149, 157–161
disguises and prep for El Al flight, 168–169
family’s search for after capture, 145–147, 156–157
surveillance of 54–66, 64–65 (picture), 69–74, 73 (picture), 94–95, 98–99
Eichmann (Adolf), capture of, 1–2, 66 (picture), 122–123, 128–134, 141, 146
assassination of vs., 49–50
confirming true identity of, 31–35, 42–45, 135–136, 136 (picture), 138–139, 189
false identities of, 44–45, 48–50, 64–65 (picture), 66, 77–78, 78 (picture), 118–119, 122–123, 137–138, 143, 152–153, 153 (picture), 167, 171 (picture)
interrogation and captivity of, 135–144, 143 (picture), 149, 151
See also El Al Bristol Britannia flights; capture operation
Eichmann (Adolf), in Europe
childhood and background of, 11–12
escape from, 76–78, 78 (picture)
hiding after end of war in, 19–20, 76
Nazi/SS career in, 3–16, 4 (picture), 12 (picture), 22, 138
Nazi hunters’ search for, 23–28
Eichmann (Adolf), in Israel
arrest and imprisonment of, 189–190, 191 (picture), 196–197
execution and cremation of, 208–210
last words of, 208–209
signed statement allowing for, 141, 151, 160–162, 197
suicide precautions for, 196
Eichmann (Adolf), trial of,198–208
appeals and clemency requests, 205, 208
guilty verdict and sentencing, 204–207, 206–207 (picture)
importance of, 212
Israeli reaction to, 212–213, 212 (picture)
Israel’s right to prosecute, 87
Eitan, Rafi (capture operation agent), 81, 84 (picture)
in capture operation, 82–83, 95–96, 104, 106, 114–116, 119, 121–122, 128–134, 141–142, 147–148, 162
as witness to Eichmann’s execution, 208
See also capture operation; capture operation agents
El Al Bristol Britannia flight (Buenos Aires to Tel Aviv)
Argentine Independence Day as cover for, 89, 146, 155
dates for, 105–106, 167
Eichmann on, 178, 181–182
final landing in Israel, 188
flight paths and refueling stops, 97, 156, 163, 165–166, 175, 178–187, 182–183 (picture), 186–187 (picture)
initial delay in take-off from Argentina, 177–178
prep and plans, 101–102, 149–150, 155 (picture), 167–170, 177–178
transporting Eichmann to, 169–175
El Al Bristol Britannia flight (Tel Aviv to Buenos Aires), 96–97, 154, 156, 162–166
El Al Bristol Britannia flight crew, 96–97, 102–104, 165, 168, 188
Blanc, Shimon, 166, 179
Eichmann disguised as, 168–169
Hassin, Gady, 164, 166, 184
Klein, Yosef, 102–105, 111, 116–117, 149–152, 167, 168, 170, 173–174, 177–178, 181
“monkey business crews,” 154
Peleg, Adi, 96–97, 150, 170–172, 178
Shaul, Shaul, 164, 166, 175–180, 182, 184
Shimoni, Yehuda, 89, 102–103, 102–105, 105, 155, 165
Tirosh, Barcuh, 96–97
Tohar, Zvi, 96–97, 96 (picture), 155–156, 163–166, 172–180, 182–183, 188
Wedeles, Shmuel, 155, 162–163, 166, 170–171, 178
Elian, Yonah, 114 (picture)
in capture operation, 83, 87–90, 114–115, 118
exam of Eichmann after capture, 135–136, 167
sedation of Eichmann, 169–170, 169 (picture), 172–173, 180, 184
extradition processes, 39, 48, 49, 87
F
Final Solution
Eichmann charged with genocide for, 191–192, 191 (picture), 199
Eichmann’s denial of involvement in, 79, 81, 148–149, 157–161
Eichmann’s work toward, 3–6, 12–16, 22–23
extermination as, 13–16
Jewish resettlement vs., 12, 149, 157–158
stages of outlined, 5–6
forged documents and passports
for capture operation agents, 82, 84 (picture), 111–113, 133
Dani as expert making, 93, 111–113, 152–153, 153 (picture), 167
for “Zeev Zichroni,” 152–153, 153 (picture), 167, 171 (picture)
Fuldner, Carlos, 78, 145–146
G
Gat, Yaakov (capture operation agent), 85 (picture), 91, 193
in capture operation, 83, 87, 89, 91, 92, 94–95, 98–99, 105, 118–122, 128–134, 141–142, 162
with Eichmann in Israel, 188
surveillance of Eichmann by 94–95, 98–99
See also capture operation; capture operation agents
genocide, 13, 22, 88, 121, 195, 215
See also concentration camps
Germany, 12, 13, 19, 39, 48, 49, 50–53, 52–53 (picture)
ghettos, Jewish, 6–7, 7 (picture), 9, 10, 19, 202
Goren, Yoel, 40, 45, 169–170, 172–173
H
Harel, Isser (head of the Mossad), 36–38, 38 (picture)
on Bauer and claims about Eichmann, 39–40, 41, 46–48
bringing Eichmann to Ben-Gurion, 188–190
in capture operation, 68–69, 81–83, 86–90, 99–101, 115–120, 126, 151–152, 151–153
on capturing Eichmann alive, 51, 68–69
on interrogation of Eichmann, 139–140, 144
reports to, 39–45, 47, 66, 68, 74, 192–193
See also capture operation; capture operation agents
Hausner, Gideon (prosecutor), 201, 204
Heninger, Otto (Adolf Eichmann), 76, 137, 143
Hermann, Lothar, 29–30, 29 (picture), 42
communication with Bauer, 30–31, 33, 35 (pictures)
on Eichmann in Argentina, 30–35, 40–45
meeting “Nick” Eichmann, 28–30
reward from Israel for, 214
Hermann, Sylvia, 33, 33 (picture), 214
relationship with “Nick” Eichmann, 28–30, 32, 143
surveillance and identification of Eichmann by, 33, 34, 42–44, 55, 143, 227 (Ch. 2 notes)
Hitler, Adolf. See anti-Semitism; Final Solution; Nazis
Hofstetter, Ephraim (Karl Huppert), 41–44
Holocaust survivors
experiences of, 6–10, 16–19, 29, 31, 41, 88, 91, 103, 112, 121, 194 (picture), 204, 210
experiences of, reluctance to talk, 38–39
speaking out after Eichmann trial, 194 (picture)
testimony about at Eichmann’s trial, 201–204
as witnesses to Eichmann’s execution, 210
I
Ilani, Ephraim (capture operation agent), 41–42, 45, 83
in capture operation, 83, 87–91, 104, 111
on plan to get Eichmann to Israel, 140
surveillance of Eichmann, 95
See also capture operation; capture operation agents
Israel, 26, 37, 39
Arab Legion vs., 26, 37–38
on finding Eichmann, initial response to, 28, 39–40
relations with Argentina, 196–198
See Ben-Gurion, David; Eichmann (Adolf), in Israel
Israeli paramilitary organizations, 37, 155
J
“Jewish question.” See Final Solution
Jewish resettlemen
t, ideas about, 12, 149, 157–158
K
Klement, Ricardo (Adolf Eichmann), 48–50, 54–66, 64–65 (picture), 77–78, 78 (picture), 118–119, 122–123, 137–138, 143
See also Eichmann (Adolf), in Argentina
Knesset, 51, 190, 192
L
Landau, Moshe, 199, 205, 206 (picture)
license plates, fake, 112–113, 113 (picture), 134, 167, 172
M
Malkin, Fruma, 88, 121, 195, 215–217, 216–217 (picture)
Malkin, Peter (capture operation agent), 85 (picture), 88, 121, 214–215
artwork by, 152, 158–159 (picture), 216–217 (picture)
in capture operation, 83, 87–90, 104, 106–107, 113–118, 121–122, 128–135, 136, 141–142, 147–149, 152, 157–161, 169
interrogation of Eichmann by, 147–149, 157–162
on silence and secrecy of mission, 193, 195, 214–215
See also capture operation; capture operation agents
Medad, Yaakov (capture operation agent), 83, 85 (picture), 101, 119, 134, 141–142, 162
See also capture operation; capture operation agents
Mercedes-Benz company (Buenos Aires), 122–123, 146
Mossad, 36–38
file on Eichmann, 28, 54, 66, 88, 136 (picture)
See also capture operation; capture operation agents
Munkács ghetto, 6–7, 7 (picture), 9, 19, 202
N
Nazis
Argentine government welcoming, 27–28
Eichmann as leader for, 3–6
Gestapo, 12
Heydrich, Reinhard, 12–13
Himmler, Heinrich, 15–16, 20
Kristallnacht, 29, 50
post-trial arrest of, 213–214
Mengele, Josef, 166
safe houses for in Europe, 77
SD Nazi intelligence service, 11
SS (Schutzstaffel), 3–4, 11, 12 (picture), 13, 22
See also Eichmann (Adolf); Final Solution
neo-Nazism
in Argentina, 28, 68, 146–147, 147 (picture), 197, 213–214
in Germany, 50–51
Tacuara, 146–147, 156, 197
O
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 21–23
S
safe houses, 76
Doron, 105, 112–115
Maoz, 98, 101, 110–111, 167
for Nazis in Europe, 77
searching for in Buenos Aires, 104–105
See also Tira safe house
Sapir, Zeev
Holocaust experiences of, 6–10, 16–19, 202, 204
testimony in Eichmann trial, 200–204, 203 (picture)
sayanim, 54–63, 72–73, 140
Schmidt, Francisco (Adolf Eichmann), 44–45
Senegal, 97, 156, 163, 165–166, 175, 179–184
Shai intelligence services, 37–38
Shalom, Avraham (capture operation agent), 81–82, 84 (picture)
in capture operation, 82–83, 89–90, 93–94, 112–113, 114–115, 118, 121–122, 128–135, 136–140
reaction to Eichmann capture announcement, 192–193
surveillance of Eichmann by, 98–99, 106–107
See also capture operation; capture operation agents
Shin Bet, 38, 47, 66–68, 81, 82, 94, 137, 154, 188, 195
See also capture operation; capture operation agents
surveillance activities
cars used for, 54, 58–72, 70 (picture), 106
by Hermann family, 31–35, 42–45, 55, 143, 228 (Ch. 2 notes)
by Mossad agents, 54–63, 63–66, 64–65 (picture), 69–74, 73 (picture), 94–95, 98–99, 106–110, 108–109 (picture)
T
Tabor, Moshe (capture operation agent), 85 (picture), 87–88, 152
in capture operation, 82–83, 87–90, 104, 112–114, 117–118, 121–122, 128–134, 141–142, 152
escorting Eichmann in Israel, 188
on silence and secrecy of mission, 193
See also capture operation; capture operation agents
Tacuara, 146–147, 156, 197
tattoos, 16, 194 (picture), 204, 210
Tira safe house, 105–106, 115
agents’ mood and duties at, 151–153
Eichmann’s captivity at, 117, 132, 134–144
See also capture operation; Eichmann (Adolf), capture of
W
Wiesenthal, Simon (Nazi hunter), 21–23, 22 (picture), 25–28, 214
Z
Zichroni, Zeev (Adolf Eichmann), 152–153, 153 (picture), 167, 171 (picture)
Zionism, 37, 189
See also Israel; Palestine
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
NEAL BASCOMB is the author of Higher, Red Mutiny, The New Cool, and the New York Times bestsellers The Perfect Mile and Hunting Eichmann, upon which this book is based. He lives in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with his family. Visit his website at www.nealbascomb.com.
Text copyright © 2013 by Neal Bascomb
For photo credits, click here.
All rights reserved. Published by Arthur A. Levine Books, an imprint of Scholastic Inc., Publishers since 1920. SCHOLASTIC and the LANTERN LOGO are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of Scholastic Inc.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Bascomb, Neal, author.
The Nazi hunters / Neal Bascomb. — First edition.
pages cm
ISBN 978-0-545-43099-9 (hardcover : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-545-43100-2 (pbk.) — ISBN 978-0-545-56239-3 (ebook)
1. Eichmann, Adolf, 1906–1962 — Juvenile literature. 2. Nazis — Biography — Juvenile literature. 3. Nazi hunters — Juvenile literature. 4. War criminals — Germany — Biography — Juvenile literature. 5. Fugitives from justice — Argentina — Biography — Juvenile literature. 6. Secret service — Israel — Juvenile literature. 7. Holocaust, Jewish (1939–1945) — Juvenile literature. 8. World War, 1939–1945 — Atrocities — Juvenile literature. I. Title.
DD247.E5B374 2013
364.15’1092 — dc23
[B]
2012041757
First edition, September 2013
Cover art and design by Phil Falco
Author photo by Jillian McAlley
e-ISBN 978-0-545-56239-3
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereafter invented, without the express written permission of the publisher. For information regarding permission, write to Scholastic Inc., Attention: Permissions Department, 557 Broadway, New York, NY 10012.