by Michael Haag
The Temple and the Lodge, Michael Baigent and Richard Leigh, Arcade Publishing (UK) 1991, Arrow (US) 2006. Building on their earlier success, the authors here link the Templars to the Freemasons via the Grail, the Scots Guards, Robert the Bruce, the French royal family, the Rosicrucians and the British Royal Society–and from these to the founders of the United States.
The Templar Revelation, Lynn Picknett and Clive Prince, Corgi (UK), Touchstone (US), 1998. The Leonardo da Vinci element in Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code came straight out of this book, which also finds new and curious links between Mary Magdalene, the Freemasons, the Cathars and the Templars.
The Hiram Key, Christopher Knight and Robert Lomas, Arrow Books (UK and US) 1997. The Temple of Solomon, Hiram, the ancient Egyptians, Gnostics, Jesus, the Freemasons and, yes, the Templars all come together here to explain why ‘the last four thousand years are never going to look the same again’.
Websites
There are myriad sites on the Web dealing with the Templars and the Crusades, as well as with such subjects as Gnosticism, the Ark of the Covenant and the Holy Grail. Here are some of the more useful and interesting ones.
Ancient and Medieval History Resources
The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
the-orb.net
The Crusades, the Templars, Islam, you name it: there is a wealth of serious sources available on this online reference site. Search for Templars, for example, and among other things you get an encylopedia entry by Malcolm Barber, the world’s leading authority on the order, which in turn refers you to such subjects as the Latin Rule of 1129 and St Bernard’s treatise De Laude Novae Militiae. The ORB is an academic site, written and maintained by medieval scholars for the benefit of their fellow instructors and serious students. All articles have been judged by at least two peer reviewers. Authors are held to high standards of accuracy, currency and relevance to the field of medieval studies.
The Internet Medieval Sourcebook
www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook.html
This is a subsection of the Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies and will direct you to original sources for Pope Urban II’s speech at Clermont launching the First Crusade, William of Tyre’s account of the foundation of the Knights Templar, Ernoul’s chronicle covering the battle of Hattin, the Itinerarium Peregrinorium et Gesta Regis Ricardi on how Richard the Lionheart made peace with Saladin, and Ludolph of Suchem’s account of the fall of Acre in 1291. There are also such sources as the Cathar Gospel of John the Evangelist, Al-Makrisi’s account of the Crusade of St Louis, and Benjamin of Tudela’s twelfth-century account of his travels to Jerusalem and beyond.
Internet Ancient History Sourcebook
www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/asbook.html
Also a subsection of ORB, this website provides original sources for ancient history, including ancient Israel, the Graeco-Roman world and early Christianity.
Internet Jewish History Sourcebook
www.fordham.edu/halsall/jewish/jewishsbook.html
The ORB subsection providing sources for Jewish history.
Internet Islamic History Sourcebook
www.fordham.edu/halsall/islam/islamsbook.html
The ORB subsection providing sources for Islamic history.
Islamic Historiography
www.theatlantic.com/doc/199901/koran
‘What is the Koran?’ by Toby Lester, executive editor of Atlantic Unbound. www.opendemocracy.net/faith-europe_islam/mohammed_3866.jsp
‘What do we actually know about Mohammed?’ by Patricia Crone, professor of Islamic History, Princeton University.
The Crusades
Crusades Encylopedia
www.crusades-encyclopedia.com
Established by Andrew Host, an American academic specialising in the Crusades, this website is a hobby with a serious purpose: to serve as a trustworthy tool in providing reliable online material for students or enthusiasts of the period. It provides hundreds of primary and secondary sources on the Crusades, sections on such subjects as women and the Crusades, and on Islam, Judaism and the Crusades, as well as an extensive bibliography and links to each of the Crusades, to the Reconquista, to the military orders and to the Templars in particular.
The Templars
Jacob’s Ford Castle archaeological site
ateret.huji.ac.il
This site illustrates the continuing archaeological excavation of the Templar castle of Vadum Jacob, that is Jacob’s Ford in northern Israel, which guarded the route across the Jordan river from Damascus. The castle was attacked by Saladin, eight hundred of its defenders were killed and their bodies were thrown into a ditch. These Templar bones and the remains of the castle itself provide new insights into the Crusader past.
Templar History magazine
www.templarhistory.com
This website of the leading magazine aimed at Templar enthusiasts contains numerous articles on Templar history, personalities, battles, locations, the myths that have grown up around the order, and so on, plus images, the text of original documents and an introduction to the literature about the Templars. Not to miss a trick, it also sells Templar shirts, hats and mugs.
Templar Globe
templars.wordpress.com
The Templar Globe announces itself as the bulletin of the International Chancellery of the Ordo Supremus Militaris Templi Hierosolymitani Universalis; in fact it appears to be a one-man blog, assisted by outside contributions, devoted loosely to things Templar. Its entries are in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese, and are generally accompanied by excellent illustrations, photographs and even videos.
Skull and Crossbones
www.skullandcrossbones.org
From an orthodox account of the Templars, this site branches out into fanciful and entertaining speculations, such as that the Templar fleet escaped the clutches of Philip IV, sailed for Scotland where the Templars helped Robert the Bruce win the battle of Bannockburn, and centuries later turned to piracy in the Caribbean. There are speculations too on Solomon’s Temple and the exact position it would have occupied on today’s Temple Mount, and articles on such varied topics as Saladin, the Dead Sea Scrolls, Prince Henry the Navigator, Athlit, the last Templar outpost on the mainland of Outremer, and descendants of the Templars now supposedly living in the backwoods of Tennessee.
The Chinon Parchment
The Chinon Parchment at the Vatican Secret Archives
asv.vatican.va/en/visit/doc/inform.htm
This site displays the original Chinon Parchment recently found in the Vatican Secret Archives and allows you to zoom in on every detail. The parchment gave Papal absolution to Grand Master James of Molay and other leading members of the Templars, clearing them of heresy, blasphemy and the other calumnies heaped upon them by King Philip IV of France.
The Chinon Parchment in Translation
www.inrebus.com/chinon.html
The Chinon Parchment, written in Latin, is here translated into English.
Jerusalem
Jerusalem Virtual Library
www.jerusalem-library.org
A cooperative venture between Al-Quds University and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, this site provides online access to documents, maps, plans, inscriptions, illustrations and photographs illuminating the history of Jerusalem.
The Jerusalem Archaeological Park
www.archpark.org.il
Maps, plans, photographs and virtual reconstructions provide a vivid introduction to the archaeology of Jerusalem.
Undiscovered Jerusalem
www.gebus.com/index_eng.htm
An illustrated presentation of Jerusalem curiosities, including secret excavations beneath the Temple Mount, controversies over the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the whereabouts of the True Cross, and a madness known as the Jerusalem Syndrome that overcomes a proportion of visitors to the city, usually Protestant Americans, who imagine themselves to be Mary Magdalene, John the Baptist or Jesus Christ.
The Ark of th
e Covenant
History of the Ark of the Covenant
www.arkstory.com/arkstory.html
Speculations on what happened to the Ark of the Covenant, with numerous links.
The Holy Grail
The Camelot Project
www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot
This educational website features the history of the Grail legend as told through art and literature. It is part of a project which looks at the Arthurian legend.
Gnosticism, Catharism and the Occult
The Gnostic Society
www.gnosis.org
Website of the Los Angeles-based Gnostic Society, with endless information on Gnosticism including translations and photographs of ancient Gnostic documents.
Gnosticism and Its Successors
www.bopsecrets.org/rexroth/essays/gnosticism.htm
An essay on Gnosticism and its successors, including Catharism and the modern-day taste for the occult, by the eminent American critic Kenneth Rexroth.
Freemasons
Pietre-Stones: Review of Freemasonry
www.freemasons-freemasonry.com
The premier educational source for Freemasons in all things to do with Freemasonry, including history, research papers, books, conferences, news and links–in five languages.
Searchable Terms
Note: Entries in this index, carried over verbatim from the print edition of this title, are unlikely to correspond to the pagination of any given e-book reader. However, entries in this index, and other terms, may be easily located by using the search feature of your e-book reader.
The use of surnames has changed over time. Prior to the fifteenth century, individuals were known by their first name with a modifier. This index follows accepted practise in filing these individuals under their first name. So, for example, James of Molay goes under J for James and not M for Molay.
Names of fictitious characters are given in inverted commas, with the source in brackets e.g. Baltran (Last of the Templars).
Abbasid dynasty 58, 65–6, 67
Abu al-Feda 201
The Accursed Kings (1955–77) 330, 333, 344
Acre
background 138, 139 illus, 195–6, 196 illus
fall of 201–3, 201 illus, 206 illus
history of 178, 182, 297–9
Mameluk massacre 168, 201 illus, 203
secret tunnel 298–9, 298 illus
Acre, Bishop of 172
Ad Preclarus Sapientie (Papal bull) 225
Ad Providam (Papal bull) 236
Adhemar, Bishop of Le Puy 75, 77, 81, 91
Age of Discovery 247
agricultural trade 142
Agrippa, Henry Cornelius 257
Albigensian Crusade 148, 185
Aleppo 122 illus, 167
Alexander the Great 19
Alexander II, Pope 63
Alexius I Comnenus, Emperor 72, 81–2, 93
Alfonso I, King of Aragon 105
Alfonso VII of Castile 116
Ali of Herat 160–61
Ali (Mohammed’s son-in-law) 67
‘Alias, Cathar’ (Labyrinth) 336
Almourol castle 317, 317 illus
Amalric, King of Jerusalem 153–4, 161–3
America, Templar discovery of 270–72
American Revolution, and Freemasonry 273–4
Anastasis church 68, 70
Ancient Egypt 21, 23–5, 34, 36
Andre of Montbard 100, 108
Andrew, King of Hungary 185
Angels and Demons (2001) 276
Anna Comnena 72–3
Antichrist 62–4, 76–7
Antioch 92, 93, 106, 132
Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius (7th c.) 61
appearance of the Templars 77, 81, 101–2, 104, 105 illus
Al-Aqsa mosque
history 50, 50 illus, 179–80, 295–6
palace of Kingdom of Jerusalem 91
and Poor-Fellow Soldiers 97–8, 296
and Templars 155, 249, 296
Araunah 27, 290, 293
Archambaud of Saint-Aignan 108
archives see historical sources
Arianism 45–7, 60
Arians 146
Arius 46–7
Ark of the Covenant 26–7, 33, 34–6, 35 illus, 39, 357
Arnaut Sebbatier, 238
Arnold, Benedict 273
Arsuf, battle of 182, 183–4
Arwad (Ruad) island 208, 211–12, 212 illus, 306
Ascalon 132–3, 165–6, 178, 182
al-Ashraf Khalil, Sultan 202–3, 298
Assassins 150–54, 266
Assassin’s Creed
video game 346
Athanasius 46–7
Athlit castle 195, 204
Augustine of Hippo 89
Ayas 140
Baghdad 58, 65, 67
Baghras castle 106, 195
Baigent, Michael 342, 352
Baldric of Dol 75, 76
Baldwin I, King of Jerusalem (Baldwin of Boulogne) 91, 92, 108 illus, 167
Baldwin II, Emperor 141
Baldwin II, King of Jerusalem 95–6, 97 illus, 99
Baldwin III, King of Jerusalem 114, 122
Baldwin IV, King of Jerusalem 165, 169
Baldwin V, King of Jerusalem 169
Bale, John 332
Balfe, Michael William 345
Balian of Ibelin 170, 171, 172, 174–5, 176, 177, 178–9
banking services 140–42, 144
Bannockburn, battle of 245, 268–9, 268 illus, 270
Baphomet’s Meteor (1972) 330, 333–4
Barbet, Pierre 330, 333–4
Barruel, Augustin, Abbé 266–7, 278
Baybars, Sultan 168, 191, 194, 195, 197, 198
in fiction 339
Beaufort castle 195, 198, 199 illus
Beirut 178
‘Beltran’ (Last of the Templars) 334
Benedict of Alignan 131
Bérenger Frédol 229–30
Bernard of Clairvaux 99–102, 100 illus, 103–4, 114–16, 145, 194, 253
Berry, Steve 338–9
Bethlehem, Church of the Nativity 43
Bible
as historical source 19–22
study of 258–9
Old Testament
Genesis 32:24 166
2 Samuel 19, 21
2 Samuel 6:14 26
2 Samuel 24:15–25 27
1 Kings 19, 21, 32, 261
1 Kings 3:5–14 30
1 Kings 4:30 30
1 Kings 5 34
1 Kings 5–8 30
1 Kings 7:13–14 37
1 Kings 8:12 33
1 Kings 9:11 34
1 Kings 9:16 30
1 Kings 10:11 34
1 Kings 14:26 34
1 Kings 15:18 34
2 Kings 19, 21
2 Kings 16:8 35
2 Kings 25:13–15 35
1 Chronicles 19, 21
1 Chronicles 13:10 33
1 Chronicles 21:15–28 27
1 Chronicles 22:2–5 34
1 Chronicles 28: 11–19 34
2 Chronicles 21, 258, 261
2 Chronicles 2 34
2 Chronicles 3:1 27
2 Chronicles 3:4 32
2 Chronicles 35:3 35
Ezra 19, 21
Psalms 164
Psalms 137:1 19, 21
Songs of Solomon 30
Ezekiel 20, 21–2
Apocrypha, 2 Maccabees 2:4–8 35
New Testament
Matthew 3:16–17 68
Matthew 10:38 81
Mark 13:1–2 17–18, 22
John 2:16 20, 22
John 4:19–24 42
Revelation 61
Revelation 7:14 321
Revelation 20:9 321
Blind Dead movies 341, 345
Boaz (pillar) 37, 38 illus, 258, 325
Boccaccio 252
Bohemond, Prince of Taranto 78, 82, 91, 92, 93
Boniface VIII, Pope 210–211, 212–13
Bo
rdeaux Pilgrim 160, 293
The Brethren Trilogy (2006–08) 339–40
Britain
and the Templars 244–5, 318–26, 350
Unlawful Societies Act (1799) 267
The Brotherhood of the Holy Shroud (2006) 337
Brotherhood of the Wolf film 343
Brown, Dan
Angels and Demons 276
The Da Vinci Code 270, 325–6, 331, 336
Burgess, Anthony 329
Bush, George H. W., President 276, 281
Bush, George W., President 281
Byzantine Empire
establishment of 45–6
and First Crusade 64–5
and Second Crusade 120–21
and Seljuk Turks 71–3, 74, 81–2