The Templars

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The Templars Page 32

by Michael Haag


  The Temple and the Lodge, Michael Baigent and Richard Leigh, Arcade Publishing (UK) 1991, Arrow (US) 2006. Building on their earlier success, the authors here link the Templars to the Freemasons via the Grail, the Scots Guards, Robert the Bruce, the French royal family, the Rosicrucians and the British Royal Society–and from these to the founders of the United States.

  The Templar Revelation, Lynn Picknett and Clive Prince, Corgi (UK), Touchstone (US), 1998. The Leonardo da Vinci element in Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code came straight out of this book, which also finds new and curious links between Mary Magdalene, the Freemasons, the Cathars and the Templars.

  The Hiram Key, Christopher Knight and Robert Lomas, Arrow Books (UK and US) 1997. The Temple of Solomon, Hiram, the ancient Egyptians, Gnostics, Jesus, the Freemasons and, yes, the Templars all come together here to explain why ‘the last four thousand years are never going to look the same again’.

  Websites

  There are myriad sites on the Web dealing with the Templars and the Crusades, as well as with such subjects as Gnosticism, the Ark of the Covenant and the Holy Grail. Here are some of the more useful and interesting ones.

  Ancient and Medieval History Resources

  The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies

  the-orb.net

  The Crusades, the Templars, Islam, you name it: there is a wealth of serious sources available on this online reference site. Search for Templars, for example, and among other things you get an encylopedia entry by Malcolm Barber, the world’s leading authority on the order, which in turn refers you to such subjects as the Latin Rule of 1129 and St Bernard’s treatise De Laude Novae Militiae. The ORB is an academic site, written and maintained by medieval scholars for the benefit of their fellow instructors and serious students. All articles have been judged by at least two peer reviewers. Authors are held to high standards of accuracy, currency and relevance to the field of medieval studies.

  The Internet Medieval Sourcebook

  www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook.html

  This is a subsection of the Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies and will direct you to original sources for Pope Urban II’s speech at Clermont launching the First Crusade, William of Tyre’s account of the foundation of the Knights Templar, Ernoul’s chronicle covering the battle of Hattin, the Itinerarium Peregrinorium et Gesta Regis Ricardi on how Richard the Lionheart made peace with Saladin, and Ludolph of Suchem’s account of the fall of Acre in 1291. There are also such sources as the Cathar Gospel of John the Evangelist, Al-Makrisi’s account of the Crusade of St Louis, and Benjamin of Tudela’s twelfth-century account of his travels to Jerusalem and beyond.

  Internet Ancient History Sourcebook

  www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/asbook.html

  Also a subsection of ORB, this website provides original sources for ancient history, including ancient Israel, the Graeco-Roman world and early Christianity.

  Internet Jewish History Sourcebook

  www.fordham.edu/halsall/jewish/jewishsbook.html

  The ORB subsection providing sources for Jewish history.

  Internet Islamic History Sourcebook

  www.fordham.edu/halsall/islam/islamsbook.html

  The ORB subsection providing sources for Islamic history.

  Islamic Historiography

  www.theatlantic.com/doc/199901/koran

  ‘What is the Koran?’ by Toby Lester, executive editor of Atlantic Unbound. www.opendemocracy.net/faith-europe_islam/mohammed_3866.jsp

  ‘What do we actually know about Mohammed?’ by Patricia Crone, professor of Islamic History, Princeton University.

  The Crusades

  Crusades Encylopedia

  www.crusades-encyclopedia.com

  Established by Andrew Host, an American academic specialising in the Crusades, this website is a hobby with a serious purpose: to serve as a trustworthy tool in providing reliable online material for students or enthusiasts of the period. It provides hundreds of primary and secondary sources on the Crusades, sections on such subjects as women and the Crusades, and on Islam, Judaism and the Crusades, as well as an extensive bibliography and links to each of the Crusades, to the Reconquista, to the military orders and to the Templars in particular.

  The Templars

  Jacob’s Ford Castle archaeological site

  ateret.huji.ac.il

  This site illustrates the continuing archaeological excavation of the Templar castle of Vadum Jacob, that is Jacob’s Ford in northern Israel, which guarded the route across the Jordan river from Damascus. The castle was attacked by Saladin, eight hundred of its defenders were killed and their bodies were thrown into a ditch. These Templar bones and the remains of the castle itself provide new insights into the Crusader past.

  Templar History magazine

  www.templarhistory.com

  This website of the leading magazine aimed at Templar enthusiasts contains numerous articles on Templar history, personalities, battles, locations, the myths that have grown up around the order, and so on, plus images, the text of original documents and an introduction to the literature about the Templars. Not to miss a trick, it also sells Templar shirts, hats and mugs.

  Templar Globe

  templars.wordpress.com

  The Templar Globe announces itself as the bulletin of the International Chancellery of the Ordo Supremus Militaris Templi Hierosolymitani Universalis; in fact it appears to be a one-man blog, assisted by outside contributions, devoted loosely to things Templar. Its entries are in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese, and are generally accompanied by excellent illustrations, photographs and even videos.

  Skull and Crossbones

  www.skullandcrossbones.org

  From an orthodox account of the Templars, this site branches out into fanciful and entertaining speculations, such as that the Templar fleet escaped the clutches of Philip IV, sailed for Scotland where the Templars helped Robert the Bruce win the battle of Bannockburn, and centuries later turned to piracy in the Caribbean. There are speculations too on Solomon’s Temple and the exact position it would have occupied on today’s Temple Mount, and articles on such varied topics as Saladin, the Dead Sea Scrolls, Prince Henry the Navigator, Athlit, the last Templar outpost on the mainland of Outremer, and descendants of the Templars now supposedly living in the backwoods of Tennessee.

  The Chinon Parchment

  The Chinon Parchment at the Vatican Secret Archives

  asv.vatican.va/en/visit/doc/inform.htm

  This site displays the original Chinon Parchment recently found in the Vatican Secret Archives and allows you to zoom in on every detail. The parchment gave Papal absolution to Grand Master James of Molay and other leading members of the Templars, clearing them of heresy, blasphemy and the other calumnies heaped upon them by King Philip IV of France.

  The Chinon Parchment in Translation

  www.inrebus.com/chinon.html

  The Chinon Parchment, written in Latin, is here translated into English.

  Jerusalem

  Jerusalem Virtual Library

  www.jerusalem-library.org

  A cooperative venture between Al-Quds University and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, this site provides online access to documents, maps, plans, inscriptions, illustrations and photographs illuminating the history of Jerusalem.

  The Jerusalem Archaeological Park

  www.archpark.org.il

  Maps, plans, photographs and virtual reconstructions provide a vivid introduction to the archaeology of Jerusalem.

  Undiscovered Jerusalem

  www.gebus.com/index_eng.htm

  An illustrated presentation of Jerusalem curiosities, including secret excavations beneath the Temple Mount, controversies over the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the whereabouts of the True Cross, and a madness known as the Jerusalem Syndrome that overcomes a proportion of visitors to the city, usually Protestant Americans, who imagine themselves to be Mary Magdalene, John the Baptist or Jesus Christ.

  The Ark of th
e Covenant

  History of the Ark of the Covenant

  www.arkstory.com/arkstory.html

  Speculations on what happened to the Ark of the Covenant, with numerous links.

  The Holy Grail

  The Camelot Project

  www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot

  This educational website features the history of the Grail legend as told through art and literature. It is part of a project which looks at the Arthurian legend.

  Gnosticism, Catharism and the Occult

  The Gnostic Society

  www.gnosis.org

  Website of the Los Angeles-based Gnostic Society, with endless information on Gnosticism including translations and photographs of ancient Gnostic documents.

  Gnosticism and Its Successors

  www.bopsecrets.org/rexroth/essays/gnosticism.htm

  An essay on Gnosticism and its successors, including Catharism and the modern-day taste for the occult, by the eminent American critic Kenneth Rexroth.

  Freemasons

  Pietre-Stones: Review of Freemasonry

  www.freemasons-freemasonry.com

  The premier educational source for Freemasons in all things to do with Freemasonry, including history, research papers, books, conferences, news and links–in five languages.

  Searchable Terms

  Note: Entries in this index, carried over verbatim from the print edition of this title, are unlikely to correspond to the pagination of any given e-book reader. However, entries in this index, and other terms, may be easily located by using the search feature of your e-book reader.

  The use of surnames has changed over time. Prior to the fifteenth century, individuals were known by their first name with a modifier. This index follows accepted practise in filing these individuals under their first name. So, for example, James of Molay goes under J for James and not M for Molay.

  Names of fictitious characters are given in inverted commas, with the source in brackets e.g. Baltran (Last of the Templars).

  Abbasid dynasty 58, 65–6, 67

  Abu al-Feda 201

  The Accursed Kings (1955–77) 330, 333, 344

  Acre

  background 138, 139 illus, 195–6, 196 illus

  fall of 201–3, 201 illus, 206 illus

  history of 178, 182, 297–9

  Mameluk massacre 168, 201 illus, 203

  secret tunnel 298–9, 298 illus

  Acre, Bishop of 172

  Ad Preclarus Sapientie (Papal bull) 225

  Ad Providam (Papal bull) 236

  Adhemar, Bishop of Le Puy 75, 77, 81, 91

  Age of Discovery 247

  agricultural trade 142

  Agrippa, Henry Cornelius 257

  Albigensian Crusade 148, 185

  Aleppo 122 illus, 167

  Alexander the Great 19

  Alexander II, Pope 63

  Alexius I Comnenus, Emperor 72, 81–2, 93

  Alfonso I, King of Aragon 105

  Alfonso VII of Castile 116

  Ali of Herat 160–61

  Ali (Mohammed’s son-in-law) 67

  ‘Alias, Cathar’ (Labyrinth) 336

  Almourol castle 317, 317 illus

  Amalric, King of Jerusalem 153–4, 161–3

  America, Templar discovery of 270–72

  American Revolution, and Freemasonry 273–4

  Anastasis church 68, 70

  Ancient Egypt 21, 23–5, 34, 36

  Andre of Montbard 100, 108

  Andrew, King of Hungary 185

  Angels and Demons (2001) 276

  Anna Comnena 72–3

  Antichrist 62–4, 76–7

  Antioch 92, 93, 106, 132

  Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius (7th c.) 61

  appearance of the Templars 77, 81, 101–2, 104, 105 illus

  Al-Aqsa mosque

  history 50, 50 illus, 179–80, 295–6

  palace of Kingdom of Jerusalem 91

  and Poor-Fellow Soldiers 97–8, 296

  and Templars 155, 249, 296

  Araunah 27, 290, 293

  Archambaud of Saint-Aignan 108

  archives see historical sources

  Arianism 45–7, 60

  Arians 146

  Arius 46–7

  Ark of the Covenant 26–7, 33, 34–6, 35 illus, 39, 357

  Arnaut Sebbatier, 238

  Arnold, Benedict 273

  Arsuf, battle of 182, 183–4

  Arwad (Ruad) island 208, 211–12, 212 illus, 306

  Ascalon 132–3, 165–6, 178, 182

  al-Ashraf Khalil, Sultan 202–3, 298

  Assassins 150–54, 266

  Assassin’s Creed

  video game 346

  Athanasius 46–7

  Athlit castle 195, 204

  Augustine of Hippo 89

  Ayas 140

  Baghdad 58, 65, 67

  Baghras castle 106, 195

  Baigent, Michael 342, 352

  Baldric of Dol 75, 76

  Baldwin I, King of Jerusalem (Baldwin of Boulogne) 91, 92, 108 illus, 167

  Baldwin II, Emperor 141

  Baldwin II, King of Jerusalem 95–6, 97 illus, 99

  Baldwin III, King of Jerusalem 114, 122

  Baldwin IV, King of Jerusalem 165, 169

  Baldwin V, King of Jerusalem 169

  Bale, John 332

  Balfe, Michael William 345

  Balian of Ibelin 170, 171, 172, 174–5, 176, 177, 178–9

  banking services 140–42, 144

  Bannockburn, battle of 245, 268–9, 268 illus, 270

  Baphomet’s Meteor (1972) 330, 333–4

  Barbet, Pierre 330, 333–4

  Barruel, Augustin, Abbé 266–7, 278

  Baybars, Sultan 168, 191, 194, 195, 197, 198

  in fiction 339

  Beaufort castle 195, 198, 199 illus

  Beirut 178

  ‘Beltran’ (Last of the Templars) 334

  Benedict of Alignan 131

  Bérenger Frédol 229–30

  Bernard of Clairvaux 99–102, 100 illus, 103–4, 114–16, 145, 194, 253

  Berry, Steve 338–9

  Bethlehem, Church of the Nativity 43

  Bible

  as historical source 19–22

  study of 258–9

  Old Testament

  Genesis 32:24 166

  2 Samuel 19, 21

  2 Samuel 6:14 26

  2 Samuel 24:15–25 27

  1 Kings 19, 21, 32, 261

  1 Kings 3:5–14 30

  1 Kings 4:30 30

  1 Kings 5 34

  1 Kings 5–8 30

  1 Kings 7:13–14 37

  1 Kings 8:12 33

  1 Kings 9:11 34

  1 Kings 9:16 30

  1 Kings 10:11 34

  1 Kings 14:26 34

  1 Kings 15:18 34

  2 Kings 19, 21

  2 Kings 16:8 35

  2 Kings 25:13–15 35

  1 Chronicles 19, 21

  1 Chronicles 13:10 33

  1 Chronicles 21:15–28 27

  1 Chronicles 22:2–5 34

  1 Chronicles 28: 11–19 34

  2 Chronicles 21, 258, 261

  2 Chronicles 2 34

  2 Chronicles 3:1 27

  2 Chronicles 3:4 32

  2 Chronicles 35:3 35

  Ezra 19, 21

  Psalms 164

  Psalms 137:1 19, 21

  Songs of Solomon 30

  Ezekiel 20, 21–2

  Apocrypha, 2 Maccabees 2:4–8 35

  New Testament

  Matthew 3:16–17 68

  Matthew 10:38 81

  Mark 13:1–2 17–18, 22

  John 2:16 20, 22

  John 4:19–24 42

  Revelation 61

  Revelation 7:14 321

  Revelation 20:9 321

  Blind Dead movies 341, 345

  Boaz (pillar) 37, 38 illus, 258, 325

  Boccaccio 252

  Bohemond, Prince of Taranto 78, 82, 91, 92, 93

  Boniface VIII, Pope 210–211, 212–13

  Bo
rdeaux Pilgrim 160, 293

  The Brethren Trilogy (2006–08) 339–40

  Britain

  and the Templars 244–5, 318–26, 350

  Unlawful Societies Act (1799) 267

  The Brotherhood of the Holy Shroud (2006) 337

  Brotherhood of the Wolf film 343

  Brown, Dan

  Angels and Demons 276

  The Da Vinci Code 270, 325–6, 331, 336

  Burgess, Anthony 329

  Bush, George H. W., President 276, 281

  Bush, George W., President 281

  Byzantine Empire

  establishment of 45–6

  and First Crusade 64–5

  and Second Crusade 120–21

  and Seljuk Turks 71–3, 74, 81–2

 

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