Burning Down the House

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Burning Down the House Page 44

by Julian E. Zelizer


  Koreagate, 42–43, 101, 250

  Korean War, 16, 17, 60

  Kramer, David, 21

  Kristol, William, 305

  Kushner, Jared, 2

  Lamb, Brian, 62, 74–75, 89

  Langley, John, 315n8

  “Language: A Key Mechanism of Control” (Gingrich and Luntz), 294

  Larry King Live, 121, 134

  Lawrence, William, 163

  League of Conservation Voters, 25

  Leahy, Patrick, 261

  Lebanon, 106

  Lee, Bill, 61–63, 68

  Leland, Mickey, 261

  Leno, Jay, 171, 258

  Lewinsky, Monica, 223, 302

  Lewis, Jerry, 180–81, 185, 192, 194

  Limbaugh, Rush, 167

  Livingston, Robert, 126, 302

  Lofton, John, 45

  Logan Act, 67

  Los Angeles Times, 127, 128, 132, 195, 205, 208, 232, 233, 239, 246, 263

  Lott, Trent, 63–64, 72, 80–84, 116, 155, 179

  Lucas, Wingate, 93

  Lukens, Donald, 258

  Lunden, Joan, 260

  Lungren, Daniel, 75, 104–5, 210

  Luntz, Frank, 294

  Luther, Martin, 125

  Lyman, Marshall, 127, 128, 130–31, 142, 202

  Lyndon Baines Johnson Institute, 202

  Lyons, Tracey, 122–23

  Machiavelli, Niccolò, 187

  Mack, Connie, 63, 117

  Mack, John Paul, 116, 218–38, 245, 274–75

  resignation of, 235, 236, 238, 241

  Mack, Kim, 228, 235

  MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour, The, 188

  MacPherson, Myra, 287

  Madigan, Edward, 181–82, 185–88, 191–94

  Maguire, Andrew, 42–43

  Mahe, Eddie, 32–33, 294

  Mair, George, 127–28

  Making of the President 1960, The (White), 19–20

  Mallick, George, 108–12, 200, 201, 206, 208, 210, 213, 246, 250, 252–53, 256, 263, 271

  Mallick, Marlene, 110

  Mallightco, 109–10, 200, 201, 250

  Manafort, Paul, 2, 10

  Mann, Gerald, 91

  Mann, Thomas, 303

  Mao Zedong, 295

  Martin, Lynn, 231

  Matthews, Chris, 70

  Mavroules, Nicholas, 228

  McCain, John, 178–79

  McCandless, Bob, 261–62

  McCarthy, Joe, and McCarthyism, 67, 71, 73, 88, 213, 264, 298, 301

  Gingrich compared to, 301, 302

  McCloskey, Frank, 78–83, 104, 105

  McConnell, Mitch, 303

  McDade, Joseph, 215

  McFall, John, 42, 101

  McGovern, George, 65, 66, 69, 140

  McGrory, Mary, 173

  McIntyre, Richard, 78–83

  McIntyre, Thomas, 36

  McPherson, Newton, Jr., 14–15

  Medicaid, 95, 327n5

  Medicare, 95, 327n5

  Meese, Edwin, 106, 132, 136, 138, 147–48, 249

  Megatrends (Naisbitt), 59

  Michel, Robert, 41, 84, 114, 135, 138, 141–42, 167, 286–87, 295, 312n9

  congressional pay raise and, 173

  contested Indiana election and, 81, 83

  corruption and, 155–56, 160–61

  elected minority leader, 50

  Gingrich and, 56, 60–61, 64, 88–89, 167, 162, 184, 282–84, 296–97, 298

  minority whip position and, 181–82, 184–86, 188, 191–92, 194–95

  O’Neill and, 72, 74

  retirement of, 296, 298

  Wright and, 88–89, 161, 195, 211, 241–42, 267–68

  Mid-Continent Oil and Gas Association, 202

  Middle East, 136

  military spending, 34, 50, 54, 55, 69, 177, 297

  Milken, Michael, 238

  Miller, Eugene, murder of, 92–93, 158

  Miller, George, 115–16, 295

  Miller, James, 115

  Mills, Wilbur, 29–30

  Millsap, Burch, 227

  Mineta, Norman, 171

  Mitchell, Andrea, 233

  Mitchell, George, 168

  Moakley, Joe, 72, 73

  Mollohan, Alan, 152, 209

  Moncrief, Monty, 110–11

  Mondale, Walter, 25, 78, 176

  Montgomery, David, 108–9, 222

  Moore, William Carlos, 112–13, 139–40, 201–2

  Morella, Constance, 231

  Morganthau, Tom, 287–88

  Mother Jones, 76–77, 189

  Murray, Hyde, 161

  Myers, John, 151, 153, 212, 246, 255, 272

  Myers, Michael “Ozzie,” 164, 263

  NAACP, 42

  Nader, Ralph, 99, 122, 151, 166–67

  Nagle, Dave, 242–44, 267, 280

  Naisbitt, John, 59

  National Association of Realtors, 202

  National Committee for an Effective Congress, 25

  National Educational Television Network, 95–96

  National Journal, 117, 234, 305

  National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC), 33, 36, 45, 80, 176–77, 194, 234, 287, 298

  Gingrich’s Project Majority report for, 46–47

  National Review, 184

  National Security Council, 105–6, 117–18

  National Taxpayers Union, 165

  National Zoo, 300

  NATO, 281

  NBC, 46, 47, 79, 120, 232–33, 246

  Neptune Oil, 139, 140

  New Deal, 8, 28, 50, 54, 88, 95, 102, 103, 151

  New Georgia Leader, 34

  New Republic, 105, 148–49

  New Right, 27–28, 114, 290

  Newsweek, 76, 108, 122, 128, 135, 150, 169, 229, 287–88

  New Yorker, 234

  New York Times, 45, 108, 122, 130–32, 140, 141, 155, 159, 195–96, 205, 208, 209, 212, 232, 238, 243, 280, 301

  Nicaragua, 64–67, 71, 75, 158, 184

  Iran-contra scandal, 105–6, 117–18, 136, 158, 180

  nonmilitary aid to contras in, 214

  Wright and, 118–22, 128, 141, 158, 263

  Nixon, Richard, 20, 22, 29, 56–57, 62, 65, 100, 136, 156, 168, 217, 293

  “Checkers” speech of, 211

  Gingrich’s meeting with, 56–57

  1960 presidential campaign of, 19

  resignation of, 7, 27, 99, 269

  Nofziger, Lyn, 76, 137

  Norsworthy, Skeeter, 26

  North, Oliver, 106, 117–18, 136, 180, 249

  Novak, Bob, 45

  Nunn, Sam, 177, 178

  Obama, Barack, 3, 9, 303–5

  Obando y Bravo, Miguel, 119

  Obey, David, 70–71, 243, 271, 279–80

  O’Donnell, Kirk, 127

  oil industry, 90, 92, 109–12

  Exxon Valdez, 244

  Wright and, 109–12, 133, 139, 140, 202, 206, 259–60

  Oldaker, William, 142–43, 146, 198–201, 203, 205, 217, 232

  O’Neill, Tip, 8, 34, 42, 44, 49–50, 52, 60, 67, 69, 70–75, 79, 83, 84, 87, 103, 104, 108, 121, 123, 127

  book of, 272

  rebuke of, 73

  retirement of, 86, 105

  Ornstein, Norm, 303

  Ortega, Daniel, 66

  Wright’s meetings with, 119–21

  Osborne, David, 76–77

  Paine, Thomas, 287

  Panama Canal, 34

  Panetta, Leon, 82, 83

  Park, Tongsun, 42

  partisanship and polarization, 6, 142, 265, 292–93

  of Gingrich, 5–6, 9, 11, 38, 81, 187, 297, 301, 30
3

  as inevitable, 292

  in nineteenth century, 68

  of Republicans, 5–6, 9, 11

  scandal wars and, 293–94

  takedowns and, 283–85, 293–94

  Pashayan, Charles “Chip,” 151, 255

  Patman, Wright, 30

  Pauly, David, 108

  Paxon, Bill, 298

  Payte, Gene, 272

  PBS, 188

  Pearl Harbor, 51, 91

  Pence, Mike, 2, 5, 10

  Pentagon contracts, 136

  Pepper, Claude, 172, 266

  Peters, Thomas, 59

  Petri, Tom, 151

  Phelan, Pope & John, 153

  Phelan, Richard, 152–54, 157–58, 198–210, 212, 213, 215, 247–60, 262, 265, 270–72, 284

  mugging of, 208

  Phillips, Don, 231

  Pitts, Billy, 74

  Poage, William R., 30, 142

  Poindexter, John, 106, 136

  populism:

  Gingrich and, 22, 167, 304

  Wright and, 271

  pork-barrel spending, 94–95, 98, 105, 315n8

  post office scandal, 296

  poverty, 95

  Powell, Adam Clayton, 41–42

  presidential elections:

  of 1980, 8, 10, 47–49, 102, 137

  of 1984, 63, 78, 137, 176

  of 1988, 135–38, 161

  of 1994, 297–98

  of 2012, 1–2, 303–4

  of 2016, 10, 305

  Project Majority, 46–47

  Public Citizen, 166

  public works programs, 31

  Pyne, Joe, 166

  Quayle, Dan, 178

  racism, 24, 41, 43, 92

  radio, 167

  talk, 166–68, 171, 174, 203, 233–34

  Rangel, Charles, 71–72

  Ray, Elizabeth, 30

  Rayburn, Sam, 32, 75, 88, 94, 96, 100–101, 142, 163, 172, 256, 264

  Reagan, Ronald, 4, 11, 31, 46, 47, 49–50, 57, 61, 87, 88, 103, 104, 123, 150, 152, 154, 161, 162, 167, 174, 183, 186, 214, 264, 291, 297–98

  approval ratings of, 106

  assassination attempt on, 54

  Atwater and, 137

  budget bill and, 114–15

  Bush and, 135

  Central America and, 64–67, 69, 71, 75, 118–22, 158

  congressional pay raise and, 168, 169, 173

  elected president, 8, 10, 47–49, 102, 137

  first year as president, 54

  government salary increases and, 164–65

  inaugural address of, 48

  Iran-contra and, 105–6, 117–18

  1986 midterm elections and, 105

  reelection of, 78, 137, 176

  scandals in administration of, 105–6, 117–18, 133, 136, 147–48, 173

  Wright and, 104, 118–22, 147

  Reagan Democrats, 47

  Reagan Recession, 57

  Reagan Revolution, 4, 50, 57, 88, 104, 105, 159, 162, 184, 296

  Reflections of a Public Man (Wright), 112–13, 197, 200–202, 206, 271–72

  reforms, 99, 293

  Common Cause and, see Common Cause

  on honoraria, 164–66, 169, 201–2, 273

  post-Watergate, 6–8, 57–58, 62, 99–101, 126–27, 142, 148, 153, 280, 291, 293

  Wright and, 100–102

  Regardie’s, 129, 130, 200

  Rehm, Diane, 229

  Reid, T. R., 74

  religious conservatives, 27

  Remnick, David, 305

  Republican National Committee (RNC), 32–33, 135, 176, 179, 192, 282, 286, 288

  Atwater as chair of, 174, 175

  summer meeting of, 289–90

  Republican National Convention (1984), 76

  Republicans, Republican Party, 22

  agreement on issues among, 50–51

  alliances with extremists, 5–6

  Congress controlled by, 9, 289, 294, 298

  “Contract with America” and, 297–98

  and elections of 1982, 57

  fund-raising of, 102–3, 112

  Gingrich drawn to, 19

  Gingrich’s impact on, 285, 297–99, 302–3, 305

  growing support for Gingrich among, 123

  House control achieved by, 1, 4, 7, 298

  House control as goal of, 36, 51, 57, 243

  idea-oriented, 20, 33

  National Republican Congressional Committee, see National Republican Congressional Committee

  1986 midterm elections and, 105

  1990 midterm elections and, 175, 285

  partisan politics of, 5–6, 9, 11

  pressured to adopt right-wing positions, 76

  Reagan’s success and, 49, 186

  Senate controlled by, 47, 88, 102, 264, 298

  in South, 23–24, 33, 48

  Tea Party, 9–10, 303, 304, 305

  Trump as logical conclusion of, 304–5

  Watergate and, 27, 31

  White on, 20

  Wright as centerpiece of midterm campaigns of, 176–77, 179

  Young Republicans, 20–21, 30

  Reuss, Henry, 100

  Rhodes, John, 39–41, 50

  Richards, James, 216

  Richardson, Bill, 173, 279–80

  right-to-work laws, 31

  Ringle, Ken, 218–30, 232–35

  Roberts, Pat, 193

  Roberts, Steve, 159

  Robins, Claude, 17

  Robinson, Tommy, 327n5

  Rockefeller, Nelson, 22

  Roe v. Wade, 182

  Rollins, Ed, 76, 137, 175–77, 179, 234, 238–39, 243, 264

  Romney, Mitt, 2, 304

  Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 8, 49, 51, 65, 151, 264

  Roosevelt, Theodore, 20, 22, 33

  Rosenthal, Abe, 132

  Rostenkowski, Dan, 87, 159, 236, 294, 298, 327n5

  Roush, Chester, 32

  Roybal, Edward, 42

  Rule 47, 255

  Runkel, David, 263

  Rust Belt, 48, 57

  Sadat, Anwar, 110, 139

  St. Charles Avenue Baptist Church, 21

  St. Germain, Fernand “Freddie,” 143–44

  St. Paul Pioneer Press, 232

  Sandinistas, see Nicaragua

  San Jose Mercury-News, 232

  Santorum, Rick, 296

  Saturday Night Live, 164

  Savage, Gus, 265

  savings and loan industry, 103–4, 112, 143, 155

  deregulation, collapse, and bailout of, 130

  Wright and, 122, 128–34, 138, 178–79, 202, 206, 215

  Scaife, Richard, 50

  scandals, see corruption, scandals, and ethics issues

  Schlafly, Phyllis, 160

  Schneider, Claudine, 186–87, 193

  Schneider, Johanna, 138

  schools and education, 76, 95, 159

  Schroeder, Patricia, 169–70, 230

  Seder, Deno, 34

  Senate, U.S.:

  Armed Services Committee, 177

  Democratic majority in, 27, 31, 105, 159

  public frustration with, 96–97

  Republican majority in, 47, 88, 102, 264, 298

  Sensenbrenner, Jim, 126

  Sessions, Jeff, 2

  700 Club, The, 113–14

  sexual harassment, 223

  Shales, Tom, 277

  Shapard, Virginia, 34, 35

  Sharp, Philip, 41, 245

  Sheehy, Gail, 58

  Shulz, George, 120, 121

  Siegel, Mike, 172

  Sikes, Bob, 41

  Simon
, Paul, 153

  Sinatra, Frank, 48

  Six-Day War, 110

  Skelton, Red, 17

  Sleazewatch, 122

  Small, Pamela, 219–37

  Smith, Bob, 113

  Smith, Howard “Judge,” 64, 96

  Smith, Jeffrey, 140

  Smith, Larry, 280

  Smith, Richard, 128

  Snowe, Olympia, 193, 231

  Social Security, 54, 107, 327n5

  Solarz, Stephen, 69

  Solomon, Gerald, 185

  South, 21–24

  Democratic Party in, 21, 23, 25, 29, 33, 48, 58, 95, 115, 137, 162

  Republican Party in, 23–24, 33, 48

  South Africa, 39, 82

  Southwest Texas State University, 202

  Southwire, 216

  Soviet Union, 30, 37, 51, 65, 79, 179, 241

  Speaker of the House:

  Gingrich elected as, 298

  Gingrich steps down as, 1

  House Rules Committee and, 99–100

  majority leader and, 87, 101

  O’Neill’s retirement from, 86, 105

  post-Watergate reforms and, 99–100

  speculation about Wright stepping down as, 234–35, 239–40

  Wright elected as, 8, 9, 86–88, 105, 106, 221

  Wright reelected as, 160

  Wright’s resignation as, 7, 266–78, 279–84, 288, 293, 298, 300

  Spiegel, Thomas, 238

  Stark, Pete, 105

  State Department, U.S., 120

  states’ rights, 92

  Stenholm, Charles, 261

  Stevenson, Eugene, 233

  Strachan, Heather, 288

  Stratton, Hal, 154

  Strauss, Robert, 121, 131

  Students for a Democratic Society, 21

  Supreme Court, U.S., 24, 27, 42, 45, 154, 195

  Roe v. Wade, 182

  Susman, Stephen, 217, 247–56

  Swaggart, Jimmy, 210

  Swinson, James, 231

  Synar, Mike, 236

  Talbot, David, 76

  talk radio, 166–68, 171, 174, 203, 233–34

  taxes, 24, 27, 78, 94, 156, 165, 271

  Bush and, 214, 294, 296

  cuts in, 33, 46, 50, 54, 59, 65, 297, 304

  increases in, 54, 59, 76, 115, 214, 294, 296

  IRS, 27, 263

  Tea Bag Revolution, 166, 167, 171

  Tea Party, 9–10, 303, 304, 305

  Teamsters, 113

  television, 62, 167, 188

  Tetley, 171

  Texas Christian University, 285, 298

  Texas Observer, 94–95

  Texas Oil and Gas Corporation, 111, 139, 140

  Third Wave, The (Toffler), 59

  This Week, 147

  Thomas, Rich, 108

  Thompson, Ernest, 90–91

  Thompson, Frank, 208

  Thornburgh, Richard, 263, 285

  Time, 147–48, 169, 211, 233, 299

  Toffler, Alvin, 47, 59

  Toner, Robin, 208

  Torricelli, Robert, 69, 217, 218, 232, 258–60, 280

 

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