Yuan dynasty, 4, 17, 18, 23, 24, 54, 129, 132, 135, 220, 232, 268
Yuan shi-lu, 24, 135
Yu Lizi, 132
Yung Lo, 54, 266
see also Zhu Di, emperor of China
Zaiton, 95, 119, 122
Zatta, Antonio, 74, 265
Zhang Da, 13
Zhang Xing Gang, 48
Zhanzon, emperor of China, 220
Zhao Ruqua, 46, 134
Zheng Ah Li, 18
Zheng He
achievements of, 7–8, 9–10
as ambassador, bearing gifts, 19–20, 24, 27, 28, 238, 241
America expedition, 71, 129–31, 239
Arabs and, 40
astronomical knowledge imparted by, 243
Cairo expedition, 42, 47, 48, 55, 56, 57, 59, 72
2002 conference on, 239
Conti and, 44, 79
on Dalmatian coast, 65, 66, 67, 70
death of, 43
fleet destroyed by a tsunami, 257, 258–77
fleet preparations, 3–4, 6, 10–14, 134
Florence expedition, 70, 123–24, 134–35, 161, 176, 197, 233
in Hormuz, 48
India journey, 42, 43–44
language school established by, 124
Ma Huan historian of, 43–44, 79
in Mecca, 47
as a Muslim, 18–19, 45, 56, 124
navigational aids of, 17, 18, 27–28, 37–38, 40, 42–43, 128, 129, 139–40, 149–51, 238, 241, 272
pope and, 123–24, 134–35, 243
printing during time of, 40, 187–88, 233, 235–36
religious tolerance observed by, 124
route of, 42–43
silk during the time of, 197
sponsorship of, xv, 4, 6, 7, 9–10
tomb of, 80
Venice expedition, 70, 71, 75, 81, 209, 222, 223, 235–36
weapons on ships of, 41, 222, 223
Yongle Dadian and, 15–16, 164, 233
Zhou Man, 13
Zhou Xin Yan, 26, 250
Zhu Di, emperor of China, xiii, 3, 4–5, 14, 15, 17, 19, 24, 45, 47, 54, 80, 124, 132, 133, 134, 232–33, 265–66
Zhufan Zhi (Zhao), 134
Zhu Gaozhi, 5–6
Zhu Liang, 13
Zhu Siben, 125, 128
Zhu Zhanji, emperor of China, 6, 41–42, 135
see also Xuan De, emperor of China
Zhu Zhen, 13
Zinner, Ernst, 98, 149, 150, 153–54, 243, 244, 245
Zonghua, 47
Zuilkarnain, 48
About the Author
The author of 1421: The Year China Discovered America, GAVIN MENZIES was born in England and lived in China for two years before the Second World War. He joined the Royal Navy in 1953 and served in submarines from 1959 to 1970. Since leaving the Royal Navy, he has returned to China and Asia many times, and in the course of his research, he has visited 120 countries, more than 900 museums and libraries, and every major seaport of the late Middle Ages. Menzies is married with two daughters and lives in North London.
www.GavinMenzies.net
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1421: The Year China Discovered America
Credits
Jacket illustration of helicopter by Leonardo da Vinci © Bulloz/ Réunion des musées nationaux/Art Resource, NY
Copyright
1434. Copyright © 2008 by Gavin Menzies. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.
EPub © Edition MAY 2008 ISBN: 9780061983245
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