by Ian W. Toll
immigration, nativists opposed to, xxix–xxxii, 77
Immigration Act of 1924, 82
Imperial General Headquarters, Japanese, 234, 274, 279, 376, 387, 482–83
Imperial Navy, Japanese, xviii, xxiv, xxx, xxxiv, 35, 54, 65, 90, 138, 158, 231, 237, 279, 377, 392, 426, 448, 479
Army’s rivalry with, 119–20
attack on U.S. and British bases in western Pacific by, 48–58
aviation of, 314, 441, 482
aviators of, 404, 479
in Battle of Midway, 388
in Battle of the Coral Sea, 319, 332–33
battleships of, 160
beatings in, 96–97
Carrier Division 1 of, 441, 485
Carrier Division 2 of, 441
Carrier Division 5 of, 320, 377–78
Carrier Strike Force of, 320–22, 456, 462
Combined Fleet of, 65, 67, 75, 102, 114, 116, 119, 230–31, 274, 276–81, 293, 377, 379, 387, 456, 461, 464, 474
Cruiser Division 7 of, 464
cutbacks in, 83–84
Eastern Attack Convoy of, 255–56
First Air Fleet Staff of, 485
First Naval Air Wing of, 118
Fleet faction in, 85
Fourth Fleet of, 228, 320
good behavior by, xxv–xxvi
Hirohito and, 78–79
homegrown aircraft industry developed by, 92
losses of, 269, 473, 476–77, 478, 483; see also individual ships
loss of face by, 299–300
Main Body of, 380, 456, 477
at Midway, 232, 378, 380, 423
at Midway and Aleutians, 407
morale of, 408, 482
Naval General Staff of, see Naval General Staff, Japanese
naval limitation treaties and, 83
NGS–Combined Fleet discord within, 274–81, 379
pilots in, 94–101
political killings by, 87
Second Fleet of, 382
slowness to shift from Mahanian doctrine by, 58
steel allotment of, 121
superbattleships in, 102–6
superiority of, 209, 317
Third Air Group of, 385, 386
Treaty faction of, 70, 85, 114
troopships of, 58
Western Attack Convoy of, 255, 261
Yamamoto’s concerns about euphoria in, 273–74
at Yokohama, xxxi
Imperial Palace, 65, 79, 95, 269, 278, 295, 300, 463
Imperial Rescript on Education (1890), 77, 108
“Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors,” xxv–xxvi
Imperial Rule Assistance Association, 270
India, 108, 269
British colonial rule in, 25, 59, 252, 273
Japan’s proposed invasion of, 264, 276
vulnerability of, 57, 265, 266
Indianapolis, Ind., 394
Indian Ocean, 57, 109, 188, 276
British command in, 266–67
Nagumo’s raid into, 255, 264–66, 293, 295, 315–16, 321–22, 416
Indians, British army discrimination against, 248–49
individualism, 77
Indochina, 255
Japanese airfields in, 48, 49, 54, 234
Japanese invasion of, 116, 122
industrialization, xvii
Industrial Revolution, xiii
Influence of Sea Power Upon History, The (Mahan), xvi–xix, xxxvi
Inland Sea, 279, 306, 383, 404–5
Inoue, Shigeyoshi, 320–21, 344, 370, 374, 392
International Date Line, 203, 205, 285, 483
internment of Japanese-Americans, 149
interventionism, 29
Inukai, Tsuyoshi, 87
Irokawa, Daikichi, 80, 86
Iroquois, USS, xxvii–xxviii
isolationism, 29, 61, 126, 177, 488
Itabashi, Koshu, 63, 109
Italy, 180–81, 484
fall of, 62
fascism in, 75
Tripartite Pact and, 114–15
U.S. war against, 171
Iwo Jima, 490
Izawa, Ishinosuke, 341–43
Jaluit, 150
Yorktown carrier raid on, 203, 205, 226
Japan, 43, 180–81, 268
air bases of, 21, 220
airpower of, 10–12, 14, 16, 21, 23, 24, 50–51, 52–53, 64, 66, 92–101, 112, 117–18, 141, 184, 199, 223, 230, 234, 237, 245, 254, 259, 308, 319, 320, 383, 478–79
aviators of, 11–12, 51, 209, 376, 377, 450
B-25 bombing raid on, 281–300, 315, 318, 319, 400
banzai as war cry of, 239, 260, 269, 271, 457, 462
biological warfare by, 300
British declaration of war against, 24–25, 34
casualties of, 374
as center of history and civilization, 109–10
crackdown on dissent in, 81
debt of, xxviii, xxix
democracy in, 76, 77
dependence on U.S. and British resources by, 115–16, 234
deteriorating U.S. relations with, 39
disarmament and arms limitation treaties and, 77, 83–84, 114
dissolution of political parties in, 270
dominance of, 275
economy of, 123, 486–87
electricity in, 104
empire of, 81–82, 89, 107, 119, 201, 307
failure to declare war before Pearl Harbor attack by, 66
FDR’s anger at, 46–47
Force Z defeated by, 53–57
foreign policy of, 70, 84, 112–13, 114–15, 120–22
“14–Part Message” of, 66
German alliance with, 70, 112, 114–15
Great Depression in, 89
industrial economy of, 83
long war imagined by, 64–65
losses of, 374, 410, 476–77, 478
Mahan on, xxvii–xxviii
Mahan’s influence in, xix, 79
mistaken Western notions about, 50–51, 92, 235, 245, 246–48
mystery islands of, 208
natural resources lacking in, 115
Pacific attacks of, 173; see also specific locations
Pearl Harbor and fate of, 62
political killings in, 87, 88, 90, 113
population of, 89
ports and naval bases of, 121
propaganda and information control in, 81, 106–8, 112–13, 248, 255, 483–84
racial equality clause sought at Versailles by, 77
racism in, 78, 112, 486
rationing in, 270
rise of naval power in, xxi
rise to major economic and military power of, xxv, xxviii, xxxi
Rising Sun emblem of, 8, 31, 240, 271, 348, 427
rumors of invasion by, 37, 43–44
in Russo-Japanese War, xxiv–xxix
sense of national destiny in, 270–71, 274, 382, 486–87, 491
shipping of, 269, 280
shoribyo (“victory disease”) in, 271, 380
southern drive by forces of, 201–2, 233–68, 269, 279, 307, 312, 317
speculation on Russian attack by, 25
state-controlled media of, 255, 296–97, 299
supply lines of, 319
suspicion of Western powers by, xviii–xxxi
threat of overrunning Allied positions by, 173, 181–87, 190–91
time difference in, 30
Tripartite Pact and, 114–15
TR on, xxvi–xxvii, xxxi–xxxii, xxxv, xxxvi
ultranationalist right in, 75–83, 85–90, 106, 112–15, 119, 270, 487
U.S. anger with, 59, 171
U.S. bombing of, 283–300
U.S. declaration of war against, 34–36, 62, 171
U.S. diplomatic negotiations with, 35
U.S. discrimination against immigrants from, xxix–xxxi, xxxii
U.S. press rumors about, xxxi–xxxii
U.S. sanctions against, 115, 116, 120, 121–22, 123
war against U.S. planned by, 115–23
&
nbsp; in War Plan Orange, xxxiv, 133
war production of, 489
Western imperialism opposed by, 64, 82, 107, 110, 122, 272, 274
Yamato spirit of, 486, 491
Japanese, ethnic, in Hawaii, 149
Japanese-American treaty of 1894, xxx
Japanese diplomatic code, 304
Japanese Embassy:
in Berlin, 115
in Washington, 66, 69, 122
Japanese Islands, 286
Japanese language, 314
Japanese Naval Academy, 68, 84, 94–95, 230
Japanese Navy Headquarters, 273, 281
Japan Times, 81
Japan Times & Advertiser, 271–72
Java, 191, 234, 261, 262
ABDACOM headquarters in, 235, 248
Japanese invasion of, 236, 252–56, 258, 260, 263–64, 274, 312
Java, HMS, 256, 259
Java Sea, 260, 262, 270, 320
jazz, 76, 107
Jesselton, 234
Jintsu, 257
JN-25, 304–5, 316, 384, 479
JN-25-B, 305, 479
JN-25-C, 479
Johann, Ed, 17
John D. Edwards, USS, 258
John D. Ford, USS, 237
Johnson, Samuel, 172
Johnson-Reed Immigration Act of 1924, 77
Johnston, Stanley, 324–25, 332, 346, 349, 355, 359, 367, 481n
Johnston Island, 150, 385
Johore, 248–49
Johore Strait, 250
Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S., 22, 196
Jolo Island, 233–34, 255
Jomard Passage, 338, 340
Jones, Carroll Robbins, 156
Jones, Elmer, 468
Jones, John Paul, 13, 158
judo, xxvii, 107
Junyo, 406
Jupiter, HMS, 259
Jurika, Stephen, Jr., 282, 286–87, 291–92, 298
Kaga, 322, 377, 381, 403–5, 415, 417, 425, 429–32
loss of, 434, 435, 438, 439–40, 446, 448, 457–58, 459–60, 462, 473, 484
Kagamigahara airfield, 92
Kagoshima Bay, 119
Kaiser, Henry, 138
Kajioka, Sadamichi, 143–44, 146–47
Kaku, Tomeo, 463
Kamchatka Peninsula, 285
Kamont, Victor, 18
Kaneko, Kentaro, xxvii
Kaneohe Bay, 31
Kanno, Kenzo, 355
Kanoya Air Group, 55
Kase, Toshikazu, 113
Kasumigaseki, 113
Kasumigaura Naval Air Training Center, 94, 97–98
Kasumigaura Naval Air Training Corps, 69
Kato, Kanji, 84, 85
Katori, 215
Katsumi, Motoi, 465
Katz, Larry, 9
Kavieng, 320
Kawai, Chiyoko (Umeryu), 74–75, 272, 403
Kawanishi, 92
Kawanishi Type 97 flying boats, 226–27, 320, 335–36, 392, 406
Kazuei, Koiwa, 294
Keaton, Buster, 76
Kelley, Herman A., 453
Kelley, Jack, 38
Kendari, 234, 254
kendo, 99
Kernan, Alvin, 42, 91, 209, 221, 223, 229, 290, 293, 323, 392–93, 398, 437, 438
Kerrville, Tex., 131
Kessler, Woodrow M., 146
KGMB, 8
Kiangsu (Jiangsu), 300
Kido, Koichi, 64, 482
Kido Butai carrier group, 122, 209, 231, 254–55, 264, 286, 293, 321–22, 377–78, 474–75
in Midway attack, 404–6, 408–9, 411, 413–14, 416–17, 422, 425–34, 432, 441–42, 447, 451, 455–63, 478, 484
in wargaming of Midway attack, 381–82
Kight, Otis, 368, 397
Kikuzuki, 332
Kimigayo, 107, 241, 463
Kimmel, Husband E., 20–22, 41
as Pearl Harbor scapegoat, 127, 135, 158
removal of, 129, 150, 152, 157–58, 169
King, Claire, 167
King, Eleanor, 167
King, Elizabeth, 167
King, Ernest J., 189, 201, 265, 277, 333, 481, 486
as advocate for Pacific resources, 162, 182–87, 267
ambition of, 163, 168
appearance of, 161
at Arcadia Conference, 180
background of, 163
and Battle of Midway, 387–88, 393
on bombing of Japan, 283–84
character and personality of, 161–62, 163–67, 168, 394
criticisms of, 162
in defeat of ABDA fleet, 262
family life of, 167
FDR’s relationship with, 162, 166, 168, 184
on loss of Lexington, 373–74
Marshall and partner with, 196–97
as misunderstood, 161–62
Nimitz’s meetings with, 317–19
Nimitz’s relationship with, 199
Pacific concerns of, 385–86, 387
perceived Anglophobia of, 162, 185
press relations of, 228
on radio intelligence, 310–12, 315–16, 385–86
replacement of Pacific Fleet admirals by, 318
safety concerns of, 317
and unified command, 189–92
King, Ernest Joseph, Jr., 167
King, Florence, 167
King, Martha (daughter), 167
King, Martha “Mattie” (wife), 167, 171
King, Mildred, 167
Kinney, John, 141–42, 152, 154
Kipling, Rudyard, xiii
Kirishima, 105, 485
Kisaragi, 146
Kiska, Japanese invasion of, 379, 406, 483
Kita, Ikki, 78
Knox, Frank, 14, 15, 28–29, 45, 169, 184
on Pacific Fleet admirals, 318
in wake of Pearl Harbor attack, 126–27, 135, 149
Knudsen, William, 488
Kobayashi, Michio, 442, 444
Kobe, xxvii, 286
Kodo (the imperial way), 77–78, 88
Kokusai Shashin, 272
kokutai (political order), 80, 110
Komaki, T., 109
Kondo, Nobutake, 382, 389, 460, 485
Kong, Dan, 8
Kongo Maru, 145–46
Konoye, Prince, 115, 117, 122
Korea, xviii, xxiv, xxvi, 89, 274
Kortenaer, 258
Koryaku Butai (“invasion force”), 384
Kota Bahru, 49, 54, 245
Kouretas, Nick, 18, 39
Kra Isthmus, 234
Krian River, 248
Kuantan, 54
Kuching, 234
Kumano, 464
Kupang Bay, 236
Kure, 84, 92, 103, 270, 403
Kure Naval Air Corps, 405
Kurile Islands, 82, 119, 122, 269
Kurita, Admiral, 461, 464
Kuroshima, Captain, 461–62
Kusaka, Ryunosuke, 441, 474, 475
Kwajalein, 143, 146, 384, 490
as Enterprise raid target, 203, 207–9, 211–12, 214–15, 219, 222
Kwantung Army, Japanese, 276
Kyoto Imperial University, 109
Labour Party, British, 175
Lae, 230, 264, 277, 278, 320
Lake Kasumigaura, 97
Lamar, H. Arthur, 127, 130, 134–35, 137–39
Lamon Bay, 239
landing signal officer (LSO), 221, 466
Lawson, Jim, 19
Lawson, Ted W., 289–92, 294–95
Layton, Edwin T., 21, 72, 159, 200, 307–9, 312, 316, 334, 337, 373, 473
on Midway, 385, 387–90, 401
League of Nations:
Covenant of, 82
Japanese annexation of Manchuria condemned by, 85
Leahy, William D., 168
Leesberg, Scott, 23
Le Fan, Leslie, 17, 38
Legaspi, 48
Lembang, 235
Lend-Lease program, U.S., 24
Leslie, Maxwell F., 429, 431
Lewis, Fulton, 27
Lexington, US
S, 40, 229–30, 481n
Admiral King as captain of, 164–65
Lexington, USS (continued)
antiaircraft guns on, 153, 265, 325–26, 348, 357–58, 360–61
aviators of, 347, 349–51, 354
in Battle of the Coral Sea, 328–29, 333, 335–50, 352, 354, 387
Bombing Squadron Two of, 341–42
damage control teams of, 361–63
equator crossing on, 326–27
living conditions on, 324, 327–28
loss of, 361–68, 369, 373–74, 376, 392, 484
planes lost from, 374
power plant of, 324
Scouting Two of, 341–42, 351
size and history of, 323
Task Force 11 and, 150, 151, 155, 319, 329, 333
Task Force 17 and, 334, 338–39, 346–47, 351, 354–55, 368
Torpedo Squadron Two of, 342
Leyte, 156
liberalism, in Japan, 77, 79, 81, 85
Libya, 24, 173
Life, 169
Lincoln, Abraham, xvi, 75
Lincoln Memorial, 124
Lindsey, Eugene, 214, 425
Lindsey, Robin, 286
Lingayen Gulf, 238
Lockheed Hudson bomber, 49
Lockheed Lodestar, 170
Lodge, Henry Cabot, xx
London, xviii, 79, 191, 192, 198, 318
London Naval Disarmament Treaty of 1930, 83, 84–85, 89, 102
Long Island, 43
Los Angeles, Calif., 134, 266
Louisiade Archipelago, 329, 338, 339, 340
Low, F. S. “Frog,” 283
Lower, Jack, 9
Lucky Bag, 132, 202, 394
Luftwaffe, German, 25, 245
Lukouchiao, 91
Luzon, xxxii, 48, 52, 156, 239
Japanese attack on, 234, 237–39, 242
MacArthur, Douglas A., 228, 341, 488
Admiral King’s dislike of, 162, 197, 267
in Australia, 243–44, 267, 375
as commander in chief of “Southwest Pacific Area,” 267–68
flight from Manila of, 156, 239
media attraction to, 185, 243
and Pearl Harbor raid, 48–49
and Philippine invasion, 235–43
Task Group 17.3 accidentally bombed by, 340
machine guns, xxiv
Maeda, Masami, 242
Maeda, Takeshi, 95–97, 99, 403–5, 415–17, 430
MAGNET, 185
Mahan, Alfred Thayer, xvi–xix, xxvii–xxviii, xxxiii–xxxv, xxxvi, 28, 57–58, 79, 102, 117–18, 136, 159, 164, 262, 275, 321
on big gun battleships, xvi, xvii, xix–xx, xxxiv, 57–58, 102, 159
enemy’s capability rule of, 309
rule of concentration of, xvi, xvii–xviii, 262, 321, 380, 486
rule of single decisive battle of, xvi, xviii, xix, xxxiv, 117, 118, 262, 275
Maher, A. L., 261
Maine, 28
Majuro, 490
Makagumo, 463
Makalapa Hill, 157
Makassar Strait, 234, 237
Makin, 184, 199
Yorktown carrier raid on, 203, 205, 227
Malaita, 490
malaria, 244, 490
Malaya, 24, 25, 246