Sixth Century BCE to Seventeenth Century

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Sixth Century BCE to Seventeenth Century Page 76

by Ying-shih Yü

167–168, 172–173, 177

  hemp, 107

  Hu Juren, 279, 280

  hermeneutics, Zhu Xi’s, 191–194, 204n55

  hun (soul): afterworld of, 68–71; concept

  Heshang Commentary on the Laozi ( Laozi

  overview, 58–59, 62–63, 83n77; fu

  Heshang zhu), 58–59, 66, 77n1, 235

  ritual for, 59–60; hun-po duality,

  He Xinyin, 218, 299–300, 301

  64–66, 76, 87; hunqi (soul breath), 65,

  He Yan, 2

  66, 80n31; origin of, 59, 64; vs. xian, 72

  He Zeng, 156

  Huntington, Richard, 88

  History of the Former Han Dynasty

  hu or fu (burial shroud), 60, 61

  ( Hanshu), 30, 40, 43, 97–98, 107, 122,

  Hu Sanxing, 124–125

  125–126

  Hu Shih, 68–69, 80n43, 86, 87–88, 193,

  History of the Jin Dynasty ( Jinshu), 148–149

  217

  History of the Later Han Dynasty. See Hou

  Hanshu

  ice chamber, 98

  Hong Mai, 242–243

  Illuminating the Dao, On. See Mingdao

  Hong Men Banquet, 99–102, 122, 127–131.

  bian

  See also seating order

  Illustrious Ming Dynasty Documents on

  horse liver, 94–95

  Statecraft. See Huang Ming jingshi

  Hou Hanshu (History of the Later Han

  wenbian

  Dynasty), 38, 40, 99, 145

  immortality. See xian immortality

  Hou Wailu, 357

  immortality anxiety, 216–218

  “Hsing-li Ching-i ( Xingli jingyi) and the

  Imperial Academy, 145, 242, 255, 297,

  Ch’eng-Chu (Cheng-Zhu) School of the

  308

  Seventeenth Century, The” (Chan), 355,

  India, 5, 7

  364

  individualism, 134–158; vs. community in

  Huainanzi, 26–27, 34, 107, 139

  Neo-Confucianism, 305–314; family

  Huandi, Han Emperor, 40

  relationships and, 137–139, 142–143;

  Huang Andao, 243

  growth of self-awareness, 139–142,

  Huang Chongde, 251–252, 253

  154–155; vs. kingship authority, 135–137;

  Huangdi (Yellow Emperor), 31–36,

  sheng (life) and, 21–22, 41. See also Dao

  52n103, 55n141, 73, 105

  infanticide, 23

  Huang-Lao Daoism, 33–34, 42, 51n98,

  innate knowledge. See liangzhi

  55n141

  intellectual breakthroughs, overview,

  Huang-Lao Jun, 55n141, 56n143

  166–167. See also Buddhism; Neo-

  Huang Ming jingshi wenbian (Illustrious

  Confucianism; Neo-Daoism

  Ming Dynasty Documents on Statecraft),

  intellectualism. See knowledge vs. morality

  362, 364

  in Neo-Confucianism

  390 inde x

  interpretation, textual. See hermeneutics

  Kang Hai, 218, 256

  inward transcendence ( neixiang chaoyue),

  Kang Luan, 294

  7, 8–17

  Kang Senghui, 76

  Israel, 5, 7

  kaozheng (evidential research), 321, 326;

  Italy, 139, 141

  Ch’ien on Jiao Hong’s, 335–340,

  364–368, 370–371

  jade, 71, 232

  keju (examination system), 213, 242–244,

  Jaspers, Karl, 5, 8

  251, 291–292, 362. See also jinshi

  Jiao Hong, 300, 321–350; biographical

  degrees

  inaccuracies on, 324–328; evidential

  kingship authority vs. anarchist thought,

  research and, 335–340, 348–349,

  135–137. See also political order

  364–367; Sanjiao heyi movement and,

  kitchen mural paintings, 95–98, 115

  321, 328–335; self-analysis of, 341–342.

  Kluge Prize, John W., xi, xii, xiii, xviiin5,

  See also Neo-Confucianism

  377–381

  Jiaoshi bicheng (Miscellaneous essays of

  knowledge vs. morality in Neo-

  Jiao Hong), 337

  Confucianism, 181–186, 194–202,

  Jiao Xun, 288–289

  205n85, 359, 365–366

  Jia Yi, 102

  Kominami Ichirō, 88, 89

  jiehuo (removal of delusion), 173

  kong (emptiness), 331, 334–335

  Jijiu pian (Handy Primer or Dictionary

  Kong Rong, 114, 138, 139, 147

  for Quick Use), 114

  Kong Yingda, 114

  Jin dynasty, 138–139, 148–149

  Kung-chuan Hsiao, 149

  Jing, Duke of Qi, 25

  Kuwabara Jitsuzo, 113

  jing, seriousness (or reverence), 182–185,

  194, 203n17

  lacquerware vessels, 111–112

  jingshi (ordering the world, putting the

  Lao Gan, 112, 126–127

  world in order), 362–364, 368–371

  Laozi, Laozi, Daodejing, 4, 6, 37, 40, 139,

  Jingshi tong ( A Comprehensive Study of

  144, 145, 147, 148, 151, 155, 158, 378; on

  Ordering the World), 363

  business culture, 227, 234–235, 259; on

  jingshi zhi yong (putting the world in

  hunqi, 80n31; on life and immortality,

  order and practical application), 364

  21, 52n103, 55n141; on ritual tradition,

  Jin-guyuan village archaeological site,

  8. See also Daoism; Zhuangzi and

  Luoyang, 106

  Zhuangzi

  jinshi degrees, 242–244, 251

  Laozi Heshang zhu ( Heshang Commentary

  Jinshu ( History of the Jin Dynasty), 148–149

  on the Laozi), 58–59, 66, 77n1, 235

  jinxin (giving full realization to one’s

  Laozi Xiang-er zhu ( Xiang-er Commentary

  mind), 295

  to Laozi), 23, 70

  jipo (earliest character for soul), 62

  Lau, D. C., 8–9, 13–14, 66

  Jiran, 256–257

  Learning of the Mind, 15–16, 302. See also

  jishengba (after the birth of the crescent),

  Wang Yangming

  62, 78n15, 87–88

  lecturing movement, 289–290, 299,

  jisipo (after the death of the crescent), 62

  303–304. See also Wang Yangming

  jiu (dark alcoholic beverage in Han),

  Legalism, 135, 144, 229, 236–237, 277.

  103–104

  See also Han Fei

  Jiyi (The Meaning of Sacrifi ce), 76

  Lehman, Hartmut, 211

  juren degrees, 251, 291, 292

  Lengyan jing ( Sûrangamasûtra), 369–370

  inde x 391

  li (principle), 185, 193, 198, 201, 283, 332,

  Liu Yi, 275

  342, 367; dualities in, 357–358

  Liu Yuyi, 292

  li (rites; rituals). See ritualism

  Liu Zhiji, 1–2

  li (white alcoholic beverage), 103–104

  Liu Zongzhou, 358–360, 368

  Liang Qichao, 312–313, 357

  Liuzu tanjing ( The Platform Sûtra of the

  Liang Su, 168

  Sixth Patriarch), 15, 168

  liangzhi (innate knowing/knowledge), 16,

  Li Weizhen, 254, 297

  174, 283, 285–291, 295, 302, 331–332,

  Li Wenxin, 96, 97

  359

  Lixue. See Neo-Confucianism

  Li Bo, 245

  Li Yan, 145–146

  Li Chunfang, 298

  li-yi (profi tableness-righteousness)

  Li Dahong, 248

&nb
sp; duality, 261–262, 310–312

  Lien-sheng Yang (Yang Liansheng), 44n1,

  li-yi (profi t-righteousness) duality,

  242, 262

  261–262, 310–312

  Liezi, 44n9, 136–137, 159n9, 234

  Li Ying, 145

  life ( sheng): as cosmic force in Han

  Li Yong, 357, 363

  Period, 22–24; individual vs. societal,

  li-yu (reason–desire or principle–desire)

  21–22, 41; longevity and immortality in

  duality, 357–358

  Han Period, 24–27. See also xian

  Li Yuheng, 263, 308

  immortality

  Li Zhi, 260, 300–301, 309, 310, 324, 325,

  Li Gong, 358, 363–364, 370–371

  330, 331, 332, 339, 363, 365

  Li Guangdi, 364

  Loewe, Michael, 61, 85–86, 87–89

  Liji ( Classic of Rites), 58–59, 64, 87, 94,

  longevity. See shou; xian immortality

  123–124, 223, 294

  Longevity Halls, 31, 50n78

  Li Mengyang, 214, 253, 295–296, 311

  Lord of Mount Tai (Taishan Fujun),

  Ling, Han Emperor, 237–238

  73–74, 75, 77

  Ling Mengchu, 292

  Lu Ao, 37

  Lin Zhao-en, 259–260, 328–331, 367

  Lü Buwei, 22, 229–230, 232

  li-qi (reason–substance, or principle–

  Lu Cheng, 298

  ether) duality, 357–358, 361

  Lu Ji, 75–76, 262–264, 307–308, 310

  Li Qianzhi, 249

  Lu Jia, 27

  li-qing (rituals-feelings) duality, 148,

  Lü Jia, 129, 132n6

  153–157

  Lu Jiuling, 178

  Li Shaojun, 31, 34

  Lü Kun, 325

  Li Shilu, 277

  Lunheng ( Balanced Inquiries), 36, 46n18,

  literary societies, 361–363

  56n143, 146–147, 161n61

  Liu An, 34–36

  Lunyu. See Analects ( Lunyu, Confucius)

  Liu Biao, 137

  Luolang archaeological site, 111–112

  Liu Jin, 282

  Luo Qinshun, 347–348, 358

  Liu Jizhuang, 371

  Luo Rufang, 342, 365

  Liu Shao, 140, 146–147

  Luoyang. See Shaogou tomb, Luoyang

  “Liu Tsung-chou’s (Zongzhou) Doctrine

  Lu Shen, 263

  of Moral Mind and Practice and His

  Lüshi chunqiu ( Annals of Lü Buwei), 22

  Critique of Wang Yang-ming,” 355,

  Lutheranism, 208

  356

  Lu-Wang school, 174, 326, 346–347, 348,

  Liu Xiang, 40, 113, 128, 153

  349, 359, 364–366

  392 inde x

  Lu Xiangshan, 181–182, 193–194,

  merchant class. See business culture

  200–202, 205n85, 253, 290, 311, 349

  merchant games, 237–238

  Lu Xu, 108

  metamorphosis, 37, 54n122

  Lynn, Richard John, 355, 371

  Metcalf, Peter, 88

  Metzger, Thomas A., 211, 370

  Mancheng tombs, Hebei, 71, 104

  military campaigns: food for, 108, 111;

  Mandeville, Bernard de, 262–263

  merchants and, 240–242

  Manual for Apprentices in Trade, 213

  millet, 92, 103, 105–107, 108, 109. See also

  market economy: capitalism and ethics,

  grain foods and drinks

  208–219, 258–259, 312–313; commodity

  mingcao (Department of Fate), 69

  principles, 218, 226–230, 233, 256–258;

  Mingdao bian ( On Illuminating the Dao),

  Confucianism and, 291–305; Confucius

  306

  on, 231–232; Daoism and, 234–236;

  mingde (brilliant virtues), 12

  Mencius on, 232–233; mentioned in

  Ming dynasty: business culture of,

  Mawangdui silk manuscripts, 230–231;

  255–259; dejun xingdao and, 273,

  Mohism and economics of price,

  275–276, 281–291; evidential research

  233–234; state institutionalization of,

  and, 335–340, 345, 346–348; literary

  223–225, 236–237; taxation and, 237,

  societies of, 361–363; scholar-merchant

  239, 301; Weber on, 227–228, 300. See

  movement in, 214–216, 243, 246–254,

  also business culture

  292–297; shi and despotism of,

  Ma Rong, 139

  276–282, 298, 315n13. See also

  Marx, Karl, xiii, 233, 361, 369

  Neo-Confucianism

  Masha book editions, 245–246

  mingjiao (teaching of names)- ziran

  Mawangdui tomb archaeological

  (naturalness or spontaneity) duality,

  evidence, Hunan, 69, 87, 92–98; food

  148, 150–151, 204n48

  remains in, 106, 114; lacquerware, 112;

  Mingjiao rebel group, 276

  overview, 60, 85, 112; references to

  mingjing (funerary banner), 61, 78n13

  market in, 230–231; silk paintings,

  Mingru xue-an (Scholarly Cases of Ming

  60–61, 69–71, 86, 88–89

  Classical Scholars), 279, 325, 326

  McMorran, Ian, 355, 358

  Mingshi ( History of the Ming Dynasty), 325

  meat, 93, 97–98, 101–103, 109. See also

  Mingyi daifang lu (A Plan for the Prince),

  food and eating in Han dynasty

  312

  Mencius and Mencius, 321–350; on

  Min Zhongshu, 109, 110

  benevolent government (renzheng), 12;

  Miscellaneous Essays of Jiao Hong. See

  censorship of, 277; on dati vs. xiaoti,

  Jiaoshi bicheng

  79n30; on dejun xingdao, 275; as

  Mo Di (Mozi), 4, 7, 234, 378

  foundational knowledge, 178, 187–188,

  Mohism, 8, 11, 21, 233–234

  194–195, 201; on Four Beginnings,

  monism of qi, 346–350, 358

  205n72; Han Yu and, 171–172, 174; on

  Monthly Ordinances for the Four Classes.

  Heaven and Man, 10–15, 79n30; on

  See Simin Yueling

  human dignity and common

  morality: book learning and, 186–190;

  humanity, 381; origin of “righteousness

  hermeneutics and, 191–194; vs.

  vs. profi tableness” duality, 311; on qi, 10,

  knowledge in Zhu Xi’s Neo-

  79n30, 348–349; on taxation and

  Confucianism, 181–186, 194–202, 359,

  marketplace, 232–233, 235, 248;

  365–366; self-cultivation, 181, 184–186,

  Xunzi’s criticism of, 337

  195, 359

  inde x 393

  mortuary objects. See archaeological

  nonbeing ( wu), 144, 148, 149, 150, 153, 176

  evidence

  nonbeing ( wu)/being ( you) duality,

  mourning rites, 152–153, 156, 157, 163n86

  148–150

  Mou Zongsan, 322

  noodle foods, xxn16, 115. See also food and

  Mozi. See Mo Di

  eating in Han dynasty

  musk melon evidence, 92

  Nü Gua, 89–90

  nanlao (retarding old age), 24

  Onozawa Seiichi, 9

  naturalism. See individualism

  oracle bone inscriptions, 62, 80n35

  Needham, Joseph, 69, 86

  original transcendence (of China’s Axial

  neixiang chaoyue (inward transcendence),

  breakthrough), 5, 7, 8; “Orthodoxy and

  7, 8–17

  Enli
ghtenment: Wang Shih-chen’s

  Neo-Confucianism, 2, 356; book learning

  (Shizhen) Theory of Poetry and Its

  in, 186–190, 199; Chan Buddhism and,

  Antecedents,” 355, 371

  15–16, 167–171, 176–178; dejun xingdao,

  other world, concept of, 6, 68–69, 86,

  273, 275–276, 281, 284–291;

  175–177. See also Heavenly Principle

  distributive justice and, 305–307;

  Ouyi Zhixu, 369–370

  environmental interpretation of 17th c.

  transition, 357, 361–362; hermeneutics

  Palmer, George Herbert, 345, 346

  in, 191–194, 204n55, 321–324; internal

  pearls, 28, 226, 230, 232

  interpretation of 17th c. transition,

  Pelikan, Jaroslav, 15

  357–361; knowledge vs. morality in,

  personal relationships in Wei-Jin

  181–186, 194–202, 205n85, 359,

  individualism, 142, 152

  365–366; lecturing movement,

  Peterson, Willard J., 355, 364, 367–368

  289–290, 299, 303–304; market

  phenomenological-structuralist game,

  economy and, 211–219; metaphysics of,

  322–324

  171–176, 210–211; quietism-activism

  philanthropy of merchants, 255–256,

  transition in, 359–361; Sanjiao heyi

  297–298, 307, 313. See also distributive

  movement, 212, 321, 328–335, 351n26;

  justice

  scholar-merchant movement, 214–216,

  philological interpretation. See

  243, 246–254, 291–305, 292–297;

  hermeneutics

  social dualities in, 307–312;

  Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch, The

  structuralist reduction of, 346. See also

  ( Liuzu tanjing), 15, 168

  Confucianism; Jiao Hong; Unfolding of

  po (soul): afterworld of, 68–71; concept

  Neo-Confucianism, The (de Bary);

  overview, 58–59, 62–63, 83n77, 87–88;

  specifi c principles and scholars

  fu ritual for, 59; hun-po duality, 64–66,

  Neo-Daoism: dualities in, 148–156; and

  76, 87; xingpo (bodily soul), 65, 66, 87

  individualism, 134–165; metaphysics of,

  poetic individuality, 141–142

  143–148; on relationships and

  poetry, 54n122, 95, 141, 245, 355, 371

  individualism, 137–143. See also

  polarities. See dualities in Chinese

  Daoism; specifi c principles and scholars

  tradition

  Nie Bao, 287, 290, 335

  political order, 150–152. See also kingship

  Nine Tripods, 13

  authority vs. anarchist thought; specifi c

  no death (busi, wusi), 24, 25–36. See also

  dynasties

  longevity; xian immortality

  portraiture, 140–141

  Noin-Ula archaeological site, 111–112

  pottery wine jars, 104, 112

  394 inde x

  preservation, food. See cooking and

  qingtan (Pure Conversation), 144–147;

  preserving methods

 

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