by Ying-shih Yü
167–168, 172–173, 177
hemp, 107
Hu Juren, 279, 280
hermeneutics, Zhu Xi’s, 191–194, 204n55
hun (soul): afterworld of, 68–71; concept
Heshang Commentary on the Laozi ( Laozi
overview, 58–59, 62–63, 83n77; fu
Heshang zhu), 58–59, 66, 77n1, 235
ritual for, 59–60; hun-po duality,
He Xinyin, 218, 299–300, 301
64–66, 76, 87; hunqi (soul breath), 65,
He Yan, 2
66, 80n31; origin of, 59, 64; vs. xian, 72
He Zeng, 156
Huntington, Richard, 88
History of the Former Han Dynasty
hu or fu (burial shroud), 60, 61
( Hanshu), 30, 40, 43, 97–98, 107, 122,
Hu Sanxing, 124–125
125–126
Hu Shih, 68–69, 80n43, 86, 87–88, 193,
History of the Jin Dynasty ( Jinshu), 148–149
217
History of the Later Han Dynasty. See Hou
Hanshu
ice chamber, 98
Hong Mai, 242–243
Illuminating the Dao, On. See Mingdao
Hong Men Banquet, 99–102, 122, 127–131.
bian
See also seating order
Illustrious Ming Dynasty Documents on
horse liver, 94–95
Statecraft. See Huang Ming jingshi
Hou Hanshu (History of the Later Han
wenbian
Dynasty), 38, 40, 99, 145
immortality. See xian immortality
Hou Wailu, 357
immortality anxiety, 216–218
“Hsing-li Ching-i ( Xingli jingyi) and the
Imperial Academy, 145, 242, 255, 297,
Ch’eng-Chu (Cheng-Zhu) School of the
308
Seventeenth Century, The” (Chan), 355,
India, 5, 7
364
individualism, 134–158; vs. community in
Huainanzi, 26–27, 34, 107, 139
Neo-Confucianism, 305–314; family
Huandi, Han Emperor, 40
relationships and, 137–139, 142–143;
Huang Andao, 243
growth of self-awareness, 139–142,
Huang Chongde, 251–252, 253
154–155; vs. kingship authority, 135–137;
Huangdi (Yellow Emperor), 31–36,
sheng (life) and, 21–22, 41. See also Dao
52n103, 55n141, 73, 105
infanticide, 23
Huang-Lao Daoism, 33–34, 42, 51n98,
innate knowledge. See liangzhi
55n141
intellectual breakthroughs, overview,
Huang-Lao Jun, 55n141, 56n143
166–167. See also Buddhism; Neo-
Huang Ming jingshi wenbian (Illustrious
Confucianism; Neo-Daoism
Ming Dynasty Documents on Statecraft),
intellectualism. See knowledge vs. morality
362, 364
in Neo-Confucianism
390 inde x
interpretation, textual. See hermeneutics
Kang Hai, 218, 256
inward transcendence ( neixiang chaoyue),
Kang Luan, 294
7, 8–17
Kang Senghui, 76
Israel, 5, 7
kaozheng (evidential research), 321, 326;
Italy, 139, 141
Ch’ien on Jiao Hong’s, 335–340,
364–368, 370–371
jade, 71, 232
keju (examination system), 213, 242–244,
Jaspers, Karl, 5, 8
251, 291–292, 362. See also jinshi
Jiao Hong, 300, 321–350; biographical
degrees
inaccuracies on, 324–328; evidential
kingship authority vs. anarchist thought,
research and, 335–340, 348–349,
135–137. See also political order
364–367; Sanjiao heyi movement and,
kitchen mural paintings, 95–98, 115
321, 328–335; self-analysis of, 341–342.
Kluge Prize, John W., xi, xii, xiii, xviiin5,
See also Neo-Confucianism
377–381
Jiaoshi bicheng (Miscellaneous essays of
knowledge vs. morality in Neo-
Jiao Hong), 337
Confucianism, 181–186, 194–202,
Jiao Xun, 288–289
205n85, 359, 365–366
Jia Yi, 102
Kominami Ichirō, 88, 89
jiehuo (removal of delusion), 173
kong (emptiness), 331, 334–335
Jijiu pian (Handy Primer or Dictionary
Kong Rong, 114, 138, 139, 147
for Quick Use), 114
Kong Yingda, 114
Jin dynasty, 138–139, 148–149
Kung-chuan Hsiao, 149
Jing, Duke of Qi, 25
Kuwabara Jitsuzo, 113
jing, seriousness (or reverence), 182–185,
194, 203n17
lacquerware vessels, 111–112
jingshi (ordering the world, putting the
Lao Gan, 112, 126–127
world in order), 362–364, 368–371
Laozi, Laozi, Daodejing, 4, 6, 37, 40, 139,
Jingshi tong ( A Comprehensive Study of
144, 145, 147, 148, 151, 155, 158, 378; on
Ordering the World), 363
business culture, 227, 234–235, 259; on
jingshi zhi yong (putting the world in
hunqi, 80n31; on life and immortality,
order and practical application), 364
21, 52n103, 55n141; on ritual tradition,
Jin-guyuan village archaeological site,
8. See also Daoism; Zhuangzi and
Luoyang, 106
Zhuangzi
jinshi degrees, 242–244, 251
Laozi Heshang zhu ( Heshang Commentary
Jinshu ( History of the Jin Dynasty), 148–149
on the Laozi), 58–59, 66, 77n1, 235
jinxin (giving full realization to one’s
Laozi Xiang-er zhu ( Xiang-er Commentary
mind), 295
to Laozi), 23, 70
jipo (earliest character for soul), 62
Lau, D. C., 8–9, 13–14, 66
Jiran, 256–257
Learning of the Mind, 15–16, 302. See also
jishengba (after the birth of the crescent),
Wang Yangming
62, 78n15, 87–88
lecturing movement, 289–290, 299,
jisipo (after the death of the crescent), 62
303–304. See also Wang Yangming
jiu (dark alcoholic beverage in Han),
Legalism, 135, 144, 229, 236–237, 277.
103–104
See also Han Fei
Jiyi (The Meaning of Sacrifi ce), 76
Lehman, Hartmut, 211
juren degrees, 251, 291, 292
Lengyan jing ( Sûrangamasûtra), 369–370
inde x 391
li (principle), 185, 193, 198, 201, 283, 332,
Liu Yi, 275
342, 367; dualities in, 357–358
Liu Yuyi, 292
li (rites; rituals). See ritualism
Liu Zhiji, 1–2
li (white alcoholic beverage), 103–104
Liu Zongzhou, 358–360, 368
Liang Qichao, 312–313, 357
Liuzu tanjing ( The Platform Sûtra of the
Liang Su, 168
Sixth Patriarch), 15, 168
liangzhi (innate knowing/knowledge), 16,
Li Weizhen, 254, 297
174, 283, 285–291, 295, 302, 331–332,
Li Wenxin, 96, 97
359
Lixue. See Neo-Confucianism
Li Bo, 245
Li Yan, 145–146
Li Chunfang, 298
li-yi (profi tableness-righteousness)
Li Dahong, 248
&nb
sp; duality, 261–262, 310–312
Lien-sheng Yang (Yang Liansheng), 44n1,
li-yi (profi t-righteousness) duality,
242, 262
261–262, 310–312
Liezi, 44n9, 136–137, 159n9, 234
Li Ying, 145
life ( sheng): as cosmic force in Han
Li Yong, 357, 363
Period, 22–24; individual vs. societal,
li-yu (reason–desire or principle–desire)
21–22, 41; longevity and immortality in
duality, 357–358
Han Period, 24–27. See also xian
Li Yuheng, 263, 308
immortality
Li Zhi, 260, 300–301, 309, 310, 324, 325,
Li Gong, 358, 363–364, 370–371
330, 331, 332, 339, 363, 365
Li Guangdi, 364
Loewe, Michael, 61, 85–86, 87–89
Liji ( Classic of Rites), 58–59, 64, 87, 94,
longevity. See shou; xian immortality
123–124, 223, 294
Longevity Halls, 31, 50n78
Li Mengyang, 214, 253, 295–296, 311
Lord of Mount Tai (Taishan Fujun),
Ling, Han Emperor, 237–238
73–74, 75, 77
Ling Mengchu, 292
Lu Ao, 37
Lin Zhao-en, 259–260, 328–331, 367
Lü Buwei, 22, 229–230, 232
li-qi (reason–substance, or principle–
Lu Cheng, 298
ether) duality, 357–358, 361
Lu Ji, 75–76, 262–264, 307–308, 310
Li Qianzhi, 249
Lu Jia, 27
li-qing (rituals-feelings) duality, 148,
Lü Jia, 129, 132n6
153–157
Lu Jiuling, 178
Li Shaojun, 31, 34
Lü Kun, 325
Li Shilu, 277
Lunheng ( Balanced Inquiries), 36, 46n18,
literary societies, 361–363
56n143, 146–147, 161n61
Liu An, 34–36
Lunyu. See Analects ( Lunyu, Confucius)
Liu Biao, 137
Luolang archaeological site, 111–112
Liu Jin, 282
Luo Qinshun, 347–348, 358
Liu Jizhuang, 371
Luo Rufang, 342, 365
Liu Shao, 140, 146–147
Luoyang. See Shaogou tomb, Luoyang
“Liu Tsung-chou’s (Zongzhou) Doctrine
Lu Shen, 263
of Moral Mind and Practice and His
Lüshi chunqiu ( Annals of Lü Buwei), 22
Critique of Wang Yang-ming,” 355,
Lutheranism, 208
356
Lu-Wang school, 174, 326, 346–347, 348,
Liu Xiang, 40, 113, 128, 153
349, 359, 364–366
392 inde x
Lu Xiangshan, 181–182, 193–194,
merchant class. See business culture
200–202, 205n85, 253, 290, 311, 349
merchant games, 237–238
Lu Xu, 108
metamorphosis, 37, 54n122
Lynn, Richard John, 355, 371
Metcalf, Peter, 88
Metzger, Thomas A., 211, 370
Mancheng tombs, Hebei, 71, 104
military campaigns: food for, 108, 111;
Mandeville, Bernard de, 262–263
merchants and, 240–242
Manual for Apprentices in Trade, 213
millet, 92, 103, 105–107, 108, 109. See also
market economy: capitalism and ethics,
grain foods and drinks
208–219, 258–259, 312–313; commodity
mingcao (Department of Fate), 69
principles, 218, 226–230, 233, 256–258;
Mingdao bian ( On Illuminating the Dao),
Confucianism and, 291–305; Confucius
306
on, 231–232; Daoism and, 234–236;
mingde (brilliant virtues), 12
Mencius on, 232–233; mentioned in
Ming dynasty: business culture of,
Mawangdui silk manuscripts, 230–231;
255–259; dejun xingdao and, 273,
Mohism and economics of price,
275–276, 281–291; evidential research
233–234; state institutionalization of,
and, 335–340, 345, 346–348; literary
223–225, 236–237; taxation and, 237,
societies of, 361–363; scholar-merchant
239, 301; Weber on, 227–228, 300. See
movement in, 214–216, 243, 246–254,
also business culture
292–297; shi and despotism of,
Ma Rong, 139
276–282, 298, 315n13. See also
Marx, Karl, xiii, 233, 361, 369
Neo-Confucianism
Masha book editions, 245–246
mingjiao (teaching of names)- ziran
Mawangdui tomb archaeological
(naturalness or spontaneity) duality,
evidence, Hunan, 69, 87, 92–98; food
148, 150–151, 204n48
remains in, 106, 114; lacquerware, 112;
Mingjiao rebel group, 276
overview, 60, 85, 112; references to
mingjing (funerary banner), 61, 78n13
market in, 230–231; silk paintings,
Mingru xue-an (Scholarly Cases of Ming
60–61, 69–71, 86, 88–89
Classical Scholars), 279, 325, 326
McMorran, Ian, 355, 358
Mingshi ( History of the Ming Dynasty), 325
meat, 93, 97–98, 101–103, 109. See also
Mingyi daifang lu (A Plan for the Prince),
food and eating in Han dynasty
312
Mencius and Mencius, 321–350; on
Min Zhongshu, 109, 110
benevolent government (renzheng), 12;
Miscellaneous Essays of Jiao Hong. See
censorship of, 277; on dati vs. xiaoti,
Jiaoshi bicheng
79n30; on dejun xingdao, 275; as
Mo Di (Mozi), 4, 7, 234, 378
foundational knowledge, 178, 187–188,
Mohism, 8, 11, 21, 233–234
194–195, 201; on Four Beginnings,
monism of qi, 346–350, 358
205n72; Han Yu and, 171–172, 174; on
Monthly Ordinances for the Four Classes.
Heaven and Man, 10–15, 79n30; on
See Simin Yueling
human dignity and common
morality: book learning and, 186–190;
humanity, 381; origin of “righteousness
hermeneutics and, 191–194; vs.
vs. profi tableness” duality, 311; on qi, 10,
knowledge in Zhu Xi’s Neo-
79n30, 348–349; on taxation and
Confucianism, 181–186, 194–202, 359,
marketplace, 232–233, 235, 248;
365–366; self-cultivation, 181, 184–186,
Xunzi’s criticism of, 337
195, 359
inde x 393
mortuary objects. See archaeological
nonbeing ( wu), 144, 148, 149, 150, 153, 176
evidence
nonbeing ( wu)/being ( you) duality,
mourning rites, 152–153, 156, 157, 163n86
148–150
Mou Zongsan, 322
noodle foods, xxn16, 115. See also food and
Mozi. See Mo Di
eating in Han dynasty
musk melon evidence, 92
Nü Gua, 89–90
nanlao (retarding old age), 24
Onozawa Seiichi, 9
naturalism. See individualism
oracle bone inscriptions, 62, 80n35
Needham, Joseph, 69, 86
original transcendence (of China’s Axial
neixiang chaoyue (inward transcendence),
breakthrough), 5, 7, 8; “Orthodoxy and
7, 8–17
Enli
ghtenment: Wang Shih-chen’s
Neo-Confucianism, 2, 356; book learning
(Shizhen) Theory of Poetry and Its
in, 186–190, 199; Chan Buddhism and,
Antecedents,” 355, 371
15–16, 167–171, 176–178; dejun xingdao,
other world, concept of, 6, 68–69, 86,
273, 275–276, 281, 284–291;
175–177. See also Heavenly Principle
distributive justice and, 305–307;
Ouyi Zhixu, 369–370
environmental interpretation of 17th c.
transition, 357, 361–362; hermeneutics
Palmer, George Herbert, 345, 346
in, 191–194, 204n55, 321–324; internal
pearls, 28, 226, 230, 232
interpretation of 17th c. transition,
Pelikan, Jaroslav, 15
357–361; knowledge vs. morality in,
personal relationships in Wei-Jin
181–186, 194–202, 205n85, 359,
individualism, 142, 152
365–366; lecturing movement,
Peterson, Willard J., 355, 364, 367–368
289–290, 299, 303–304; market
phenomenological-structuralist game,
economy and, 211–219; metaphysics of,
322–324
171–176, 210–211; quietism-activism
philanthropy of merchants, 255–256,
transition in, 359–361; Sanjiao heyi
297–298, 307, 313. See also distributive
movement, 212, 321, 328–335, 351n26;
justice
scholar-merchant movement, 214–216,
philological interpretation. See
243, 246–254, 291–305, 292–297;
hermeneutics
social dualities in, 307–312;
Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch, The
structuralist reduction of, 346. See also
( Liuzu tanjing), 15, 168
Confucianism; Jiao Hong; Unfolding of
po (soul): afterworld of, 68–71; concept
Neo-Confucianism, The (de Bary);
overview, 58–59, 62–63, 83n77, 87–88;
specifi c principles and scholars
fu ritual for, 59; hun-po duality, 64–66,
Neo-Daoism: dualities in, 148–156; and
76, 87; xingpo (bodily soul), 65, 66, 87
individualism, 134–165; metaphysics of,
poetic individuality, 141–142
143–148; on relationships and
poetry, 54n122, 95, 141, 245, 355, 371
individualism, 137–143. See also
polarities. See dualities in Chinese
Daoism; specifi c principles and scholars
tradition
Nie Bao, 287, 290, 335
political order, 150–152. See also kingship
Nine Tripods, 13
authority vs. anarchist thought; specifi c
no death (busi, wusi), 24, 25–36. See also
dynasties
longevity; xian immortality
portraiture, 140–141
Noin-Ula archaeological site, 111–112
pottery wine jars, 104, 112
394 inde x
preservation, food. See cooking and
qingtan (Pure Conversation), 144–147;
preserving methods