by A. N. Wilson
17 David Brown, Palmerston: A Biography, p. 310.
18 Ibid.
19 Journal, 24 December 1846.
20 Richard Ormond and Carol Blackett-Ord, Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe, 1830–70, p. 38.
21 For my account of the children’s education, I follow Woodham-Smith, pp. 265–9.
22 Ibid., p. 265.
23 Marsden, p. 78, quoting the Athenæum, 1847, p. 496.
24 Ormond and Blackett-Ord, p. 40.
25 Journal, 31 January 1848.
26 Journal, 25 February 1848.
27 Journal, 29 February 1848.
28 Ibid.
29 Journal, 25 February, 1848.
30 Woodham-Smith, p. 285, letter dated 16 March 1848.
31 Journal, 1 March 1848.
32 Journal, 25 February 1848.
33 Journal, 29 February 1848.
34 Journal, 27 February 1848.
35 Dorothy Thompson, The Chartists, p. 307.
36 Journal, 6 March 1848.
37 Journal, 7 March 1848.
38 Journal, 6 April 1848.
39 Robert Rhodes James, p. 188.
40 Journal, 21 April 1848.
41 Journal, 4 April 1848.
42 Journal, 11 February 1848.
43 Journal, 27 May 1848.
44 Journal, 7 September 1848.
45 Journal, 8 September, 1848.
46 Ibid.
47 Journal, 19 September 1848.
48 Ibid.
49 Journal, 22 June 1846.
50 Journal, 24 November 1848.
51 Journal, 25 November 1848.
8 HALLELUJAH CHORUS
1 HM Queen Victoria, Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands, from 1848 to 1861, p. 161.
2 Ibid., p. 159.
3 Ibid., p. 169.
4 Roger Swift and Christine Kinealy (eds.), Politics and Power in Victorian Ireland, p. 14.
5 Christine Kinealy, ‘Queen Victoria and Ireland’ in Swift and Kinealy, p. 27.
6 Quoted Robert Rhodes James, p. 192.
7 ‘The Torchlit Ball at Corriemulzie’ is one of the Queen’s many lyrical descriptions of Highland dancing in the Leaves.
8 Alfred Tennyson, ‘Locksley Hall’, The Poems of Tennyson, ed. Christopher Ricks, Vol. 2, p. 128.
9 Benson and Esher, Letters, Vol. II, p. 223.
10 Ibid., p. 285.
11 Journal, 19 January 1851.
12 Journal, 16 January 1851.
13 Journal, 12 January 1851.
14 Benson and Esher, Letters, Vol. II, p. 281.
15 Journal, 27 January 1851.
16 BL Gladstone Papers, 14 March 1870.
17 Owen Chadwick, The Victorian Church, Vol. I, p. 298.
18 Journal, 29 January 1851.
19 Journal, 27 June 1850.
20 Journal, 2 March 1850.
21 Hansard, Third Series, Vol. CXII, p. 443.
22 Benson and Esher, Letters, Vol. II, p. 256.
23 Journal, 21 March 1850.
24 Quoted Michael Leapman, The World for a Shilling: How the Great Exhibition of 1851 Shaped a Nation, p. 165.
25 Ibid., p. 205 and passim.
9 ‘GODLIKE MEN’
1 Colquhoun, p. 187.
2 Stanley Weintraub, Albert, Uncrowned King, p. 263.
3 J. Matthews, M. G. Wiebe, et al (eds.), Benjamin Disraeli Letters, Vol. VI, p. 77.
4 Quoted Theodor Zeldin, France, 1848–1945, Vol. I, pp. 502–3.
5 Benson and Esher, Letters, Vol. II, p. 366.
6 Zeldin, Vol. I, p. 506.
7 Quoted Jasper Ridley, Napoleon III and Eugénie, p. 314.
8 Antoine D’Arjuzon, Victoria et Napoléon III. Histoire d’une amitié, p. 83.
9 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Werke, Vol. VIII, p. 115.
10 Bertrand Russell, The Autobiography, p. 22.
11 Journal, 18 September 1852.
12 Benson and Esher, Letters, Vol. II. p. 386.
13 Ibid., p. 383.
14 Angus Hawkins, The Forgotten Prime Minister: The 14th Earl of Derby, Vol. II, p. 39.
15 Journal, 16 September 1852.
16 Charles Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, by His Grandson, p. 271.
17 Tennyson, ‘Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington’, Poems, Vol. II, p. 290.
18 Karl Marx on the 18th Brumaire.
19 Ralph R. Frerichs, ‘Anaesthesia and Queen Victoria’, UCLA Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (3), 2001.
20 Journal, 22 April 1853.
21 Benson and Esher, Letters, Vol. II, p. 397.
22 Ibid., p. 367.
23 Ibid., p. 407.
24 Woodham-Smith, p. 347, quoting RA/ADD/A19/37, 6 January 1853.
25 Longford, p. 243.
26 Victoria transcribed Lady Augusta’s letter with this description in her journal, 1 February 1853.
27 Benson and Esher, Letters, Vol. II, 23 March 1853, p. 442.
28 Greville, Vol. I, p. 106, 15 November 1853.
29 Lambert, pp. 83–100.
30 Journal, 23 September 1853.
31 See James Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, p. 101, for Victoria’s obsession with Württemberg, and the possibility of one of her family becoming its grand duke.
32 Journal, 23 September 1853.
33 Benson and Esher, Letters, Vol. II, 16 October 1853, p. 457.
10 AT WAR
1 Alan Mallinson, The Making of the British Army, p. 274 and passim.
2 Ibid., p. 265.
3 Journal, 11 March 1854.
4 Journal, 11 November 1854.
5 Journal, 12 November 1854.
6 Ibid.
7 BL Herries Papers, Additional MS 57414 f. 13.
8 Ibid., f. 15.
9 Ibid., f. 17.
10 Ibid., f. 17.
11 Ibid., f. 14.
12 Ibid., f. 67.
13 Ibid., f. 82.
14 Michael Alexander and Sushila Anand, Queen Victoria’s Maharajah, p. 168.
15 Hawkins, Vol. II, p. 109.
16 Journal, 4 February 1855.
17 Journal, 5 February 1855.
18 Martin, Vol. III, p. 382.
19 Benson and Esher, Letters, Vol. III, p. 122.
20 Journal, 13 April 1855.
21 Journal, 15 April 1855.
22 Benson and Esher, Letters, Vol. III, p. 118.
23 Journal, 16 April 1855.
24 Ibid.
25 Longford, p. 251.
26 Quoted d’Arjuzon, p. 123.
27 Quoted Edith Saunders, A Distant Summer, p. 49.
28 The Times, 24 August 1855.
29 Saunders, p. 138.
30 Ibid., p. 140.
31 Ibid., p. 42.
32 Hannah Pakula, An Uncommon Woman: The Empress Frederick, Daughter of Queen Victoria, Wife of the Crown Prince of Prussia, Mother of Kaiser Wilhelm, p. 52.
33 Ibid., p. 50.
11 ‘SCOLDER AND SCOLDED’
1 Count Egon Casar Corti, The English Empress: A Study in the Relations Between Queen Victoria and Her Eldest Daughter, Empress Frederick of Germany, Vol. I, p. 30.
2 RA/VIC/MAIN/Z/261.
3 RA/VIC/MAIN/Z/140, ff. 30–1 (translation from German). Original letter destroyed by Princess Beatrice, but photocopy survives.
4 RA/VIC/MAIN/Y/206, Sir James Clark’s diary, 15 February 1856.
5 RA/VIC/MAIN/Z/491, ff. 4–5.
6 RA/VIC/MAIN/Z/142.
7 RA/VIC/MAIN/Y/206, Sir James Clark’s diary, 5 February 1856.
8 Journal, 19–31 July 1856 passim.
9 RA/VIC/MAIN/Z/140, ff. 33–5, Windsor Castle, 5 N
ovember 1856.
10 RA/VIC/MAIN/Z/261, f. 51v.
11 Ibid., f. 1r.
12 Ibid., f. 28v.
13 Ibid., f. 1r.
14 Ibid., f. 18r.
15 Vincent A. Smith, Oxford History of India, pp. 588–9.
16 Muriel E. Chamberlain, Lord Aberdeen: A Political Biography, p. 524.
17 RA/VIC/MAIN/Z/261, f. 9v.
18 Journal, 3 August 1857.
19 Journal, 6 August 1857.
20 Journal, 9 August 1857.
21 Journal, 25 August 1857.
22 Journal, 14 October 1857.
23 Journal, 25 January 1858.
24 Pakula, p. 79.
25 Ibid., p. 82.
26 Ibid., p. 83.
27 O mon Dieu, mon Dieu, M. de Courcel, quoted Geoffrey Madan’s Notebooks, ed. J. A. Gere and John Sparrow, p. 48.
28 Dearest Child, p. 31.
29 Roger Fulford, The Prince Consort, quoting ‘Royal Archives’ (unspecified), p. 76.
30 Quoted Weintraub, Albert, p. 340.
31 Bodleian MS. Eng. Lett. D. 267, f. 30.
32 Quoted Fulford, Prince Consort, p. 210.
33 Quoted Weintraub, Albert, p. 340.
34 Madan, p. 111.
12 NERVE DAMAGE
1 Martin, Vol. II, p. 58.
2 Staatsarchiv Coburg, A.Y. 28. N.9 (translation).
3 Fulford, Royal Dukes, p. 257.
4 Golo Mann, Deutsche Geschichte des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts, p. 110.
5 Ibid., p. 144.
6 Hawkins, Vol. II, p. 154. In general, most of the information about the fall of the Government and Derby’s re-election comes from Hawkins.
7 Journal, 20 February 1858.
8 Chamberlain, p. 523.
9 Aberdeen in the Gurney Papers (Norfolk County Record Office, quoted Chamberlain).
10 A. N. Wilson, The Victorians, p. 214.
11 Quoted Michael Maclagan, ‘Clemency’ Canning: Charles John, 1st Earl Canning, Governor-General and Viceroy of India, 1856–1862, p. 140.
12 RA/VIC/MAIN/Z/261, f. 50v.
13 Ibid., f. 51r and v.
14 RA/VIC/MAIN/Y/206, Sir James Clark’s diary.
15 RA/VIC/MAIN/Z/261, f. 87r.
16 Quoted Woodham-Smith, p. 405.
17 Ibid.
18 RA/VIC/MAIN/Z/261, f. 90.
19 Dearest Child, p. 73.
20 Ibid., p. 79.
21 Ibid., p. 94.
22 Ibid., p. 108.
23 Ibid., p. 115.
24 Quoted Woodham-Smith, p. 395.
25 Dearest Child, p. 139.
26 Ibid.
27 Ibid., p. 141.
28 Ibid., p. 154.
29 Ibid., p. 136.
30 Ibid., p. 138.
31 For most of the above, Pakula, pp. 123–7.
13 ‘ARME FRAU’
1 Robert Rhodes James, pp. 242–3, no reference, but quoting Woodham-Smith, RA/VIC/MAIN/140/60–2.
2 RA/VIC/MAIN/Z/130/113.
3 RA/VIC/MAIN/Z/128/48.
4 Benson and Esher, Letters, Vol. III, p. 335.
5 Dearest Child, p. 354.
6 Benson and Esher, Letters, Vol. III, p. 335.
7 Quoted Rhodes James, p. 243 without a reference.
8 Dearest Child, p. 308.
9 Ibid., p. 254
10 Ibid., p. 171.
11 Ibid., p. 212.
12 Ibid., p. 236.
13 Ibid., p. 258.
14 Ibid., p. 149.
15 Ibid., p. 245.
16 Ibid., p. 318.
17 RA/VIC/MAIN/Z/140, f. 46–51 (translated from German).
18 RA/VIC/MAIN/Z/491, f. 8.
19 Dearest Child, p. 289.
20 Benson and Esher, Letters, Vol. III, p. 348.
21 Ibid., p. 349.
22 Ibid., p. 356.
23 Sir Philip Magnus, King Edward the Seventh, p. 39.
24 Ibid., pp. 40–41.
25 RA/VIC/MAIN/Z/491, f. 35.
26 RA/VIC/MAIN/140, f. 63, translated from German, no date, but it must come from about this period.
27 RA/VIC/MAIN/Z/491/25v and 26r.
28 RA/VIC/MAIN/Z/491/23r.
29 Ibid.
30 RA/VIV/MAIN/Z/290/56 and 57.
31 RA/VIC/MAIN/Z/290/58.
32 Volume Two is missing.
33 RA/VIC/MAIN/Z/132, f. 111.
34 Ibid., f. 107.
35 RA/VIC/MAIN/Z/128, f. 7.
36 He uses the English word ‘nervousness’ in an otherwise German letter (of 6 June 1860) promising to do ‘everything I can to help you get over your nervousness’. Nervosität in German, the word he is clearly thinking of, is semantically closer to Angst and actual nervous collapse than the mild English noun. RA/VIC/MAIN/140, f. 64.
37 RA/VIC/MAIN/Z/491, f. 43.
38 Ibid., f. 9r.
39 RA/VIC/MAIN/491, f. 7. All references to the last volume of Reminiscences are 491.
40 Weintraub, Albert, p. 401.
41 This perception is largely owing to the ingenious researches of Helen Rappaport. See her Magnificent Obsession.
42 Dearest Child, p. 308.
43 Ibid., p. 310.
44 Journal, 26 August 1861.
45 Dearest Child, p. 365.
46 Longford, p. 289.
47 Dearest Child, p. 365–6.
48 Weintraub, Albert, p. 406.
49 Quoted ibid., p. 406.
50 All the quotations above are from Queen Victoria’s journal on the relevant dates.
51 RA/VIC/MAIN/Z/140.
52 RA//VIC/MAIN/Z/142/14 December.
53 RA/VIC/MAIN/Z/143/14 December.
54 Dearest Child, p. 375.
14 ‘THE QUEEN’S GRIEF STILL SOBS’
1 RA/VIC/MAIN/Z/491, f. 32.
2 Ibid., f. 18v.
3 Quoted by John Martin Robinson in his excellent Windsor Castle, A Short History, p. 133 – but he does not say whose words they are!
4 Roger Fulford (ed.), Dearest Mama: Letters between Queen Victoria and the Crown Princess of Prussia, 1861–1864, pp. 101–2.
5 Journal, 21 September 1863.
6 Staatsarchiv Coburg, 13 April 1863, No. 944.
7 Journal, 19 November 1863.
8 Quoted Gerard Noel, Princess Alice, Queen Victoria’s Forgotten Daughter, p. 91.
9 The joke was that he only knew three people who had ever understood the Schleswig-Holstein Question: the Prince Consort, who was dead, a German professor, who had gone mad, and himself, who had forgotten it.
10 Martin, Vol. II, p. 56.
11 ‘dieser Dummkopf von Kronprinz’ – Mann, p. 374.
12 Dearest Mama, p. 35.
13 Gladstone Papers, 28 April 1862.
14 St Aubyn, Queen Victoria, p. 333.
15 Ibid.
16 Dearest Mama, p. 115.
17 Ibid., p. 65.
18 Ibid., p. 85.
19 Book of Common Prayer: Solemnization of Matrimony.
20 Noel, p. 79.
21 Dearest Mama, 18 June 1862, p. 78.
22 Ibid., p. 84.
23 Ibid., p. 85.
24 Charlotte Zeepvat, Queen Victoria’s Youngest Son, p. 48, quoting RA Add U 143/Reel 1.
25 Dearest Mama, pp. 234–5.
26 Ibid., p. 128.
27 Ibid.
28 Magnus, p. 66.
29 Staatsarchiv Coburg, 29 March 1863 (translation), 28. B.18. A.W. 27, Nr 942.
30 Journal, 7 March 1863.
31 Magnus, p. 67.
32 Ibid., p. 68.
33 G. E. Buckle, The Letters of Queen Victoria, 1862–85, Second Series, Vol. I, p. 55.
> 34 Ibid., p.186.
35 Ibid., p. 97.
36 Ibid., p. 100.
37 Coburger Hausarchiv, A I 28 b 18 A W 27 Nr. 950 Sm (translation).
38 Journal, 9 November 1863.
39 Buckle, Second Series, Vol. I, p. 104.
40 Journal, 3 September 1863.
41 Ibid.
42 Ibid.
43 Personal observation and conversation with the guide in the Schloss Ehrenberg – to whom apologies, as I did not write down his name.
44 Journal, 4 September 1863.
45 Zeepvat, p. 53.
46 Staatsarchiv Coburg (translation).
47 Journal, 26 September 1863.
48 Buckle, Second Series, Vol. I, p. 116.
49 Journal, 20 November 1863.
50 Journal, 4 December 1863.
51 Journal, 6 January 1864.
52 Journal, 15 January 1864.
53 Ibid.
54 Buckle, Second Series, Vol. I, p 143.
55 Jane Ridley, p. 84.
56 Buckle, Second Series, Vol. I, p. 151.
57 Ibid., p. 152.
58 Ibid., p. 153.
59 Ibid., p. 159.
60 Dearest Mama, p. 296.
61 Ibid., p. 301.
62 Ibid., p. 320.
63 Keith A. P. Sandiford, Great Britain and the Schleswig-Holstein Question, 1848–64, p. 3.
64 Quoted Woodward, p. 320.
65 John Vincent (ed.), Disraeli, Derby and the Conservative Party: Journals and Memoirs of Edward Henry, Lord Stanley, 1849–1869, p. 317.
66 BL Waterpark Papers, 1864.
67 Ibid., 21 September 1864.
68 Purves Papers, quoted Raymond Lamont-Brown, John Brown, Queen Victoria’s Highland Servant, p. 105.
69 Lamont-Brown, p. 105.
70 Buckle, Second Series, Vol. I, p. 255.
71 Roger Fulford (ed.), Your Dear Letter: Private Correspondence of Queen Victoria and the Crown Princess of Prussia, 1865–1871, p. 22.
72 Lamont-Brown, p. 107.
73 Ibid., p. 119.
74 Journal, 12 September 1863.
75 Brown, Palmerston: A Biography, p. 475.
76 Quoted Woodward, p. 175.
15 ‘I COULD DIE FOR YE’
1 Hawkins, Vol. II, p. 419.
2 Ibid., p. 421.
3 Pope-Hennessy, p. 585.
4 Quoted Deirdre Murphy et al, Victoria Revealed, p. 19.
5 Journal, August 22, 1867.
6 Daily Telegraph, 24 August 1867.
7 The epithet is considered. There are no better diaries!
8 Duff, Victoria in the Highlands, p. 15.
9 Lamont-Brown, p. 26.
10 Who could well be the author of this book.
11 Lamont-Brown, p. 95.
12 Your Dear Letter, p. 48.
13 Buckle, Second Series, Vol. I, pp. 328–9.