of Jesus, 13–14, 130
secular distinction, 129
Eucharist, the, 181–82, 238
evangelism, 24–25, 62
Eve, 94–95
evil, the term, 125–26
evil one, the, 185–86
exhortations, with promises, 243
eye: of the body, 207–8
for eye, 122
faith: little, 218–19
salvation by, 54, 265
faithfulness, 64
false prophet, 265–69
tests for the, 270
false religions, 131
fasting, 154
in the Bible, 201
and grief, 197–98
history of, 193
instrumental theory of, 193–94, 199
Jesus’ own, 200
in response, 194–97, 201
Father, God as, 71, 175, 191–92, 247–48
fatherhood, evokes today, 192
fear, disposition of, 218
fellowship, 230
flowers, 219
food, 72–73
foolish, the, 275
forgiveness, 123, 180, 182–85, 194, 230
fruit, 267–68, 270–71
fulfillment, claim of, 67–69
future, perspective on, 211
gate, 258, 261, 263
Gehenna, 78, 89
Gentiles, the, 140
concerned with, 145
mission among, 57–59, 61–62
prayers by, 170–73, 188
not to preach to, 238–39
Ghandi, 133
gifts, 14, 271
giving: in secret, 157
in public, 160–61. See also, almsgiving
gleaning, laws of, 155
God: character of, 244
engagement with, 151
as Father, 71, 175, 191–92, 247
is good, 246–48
is holy, 236
as judge, 152, 194
name of, 114, 176
is a One-and-Three God, 95
sustained by, 216, 220, 223
we are not, 227
will of, 268
Golden Rule, the, 38, 44, 80, 126, 199, 249–55
variant on, 5
gospel, the: is the completion of Israel’s Story, 24
is the law, 7
law and, 53
and Paul, 71
preaching of, 239–40
promoting, 62
grace: beyond retribution, 126
extend, 233
pervasiveness of, 262–63
revealed by Jesus, 123
theology of, 2
understanding of, 7
grief, sign of, 197–98
Griesbach Hypothesis, 16
habits, importance of, 5
halakhot, 122, 139
hallow, the word, 177
happiness, deconstructed, 50–51
Ha-Tepillah, 188
head coverings, wearing, 88
hearing, means obeying, 275–77
heart, comes from the, 73
hell, 78
discussions about, 260
history, of the impact, 1–3
holiness, code, 249
marked by, 90
Holy Spirit, the, 14, 71, 82, 244
homosexuality, 149
honesty, 110–20
Honi, the Circle Drawer, 243
humanity, 5
humility: marked by, 228, 230
of the poor, 37–43
hypocrites, 155–59, 164–66, 229, 266
and fasting, 196, 198
idolatry, 205
idols, pervasive presence of, 131
image, of God, 71
incest, 100–102
individuality, 5
instrumental theory, of fasting, 193–94, 199
interpretation, of Scripture, 76
Isaiah, 30
Israel: story of, 71
and the Torah, 122
Jesus Creed, the, 44, 52, 67, 74, 80, 139, 251
Jesus: authority of, 26
the ethical theory of, 7–8, 13–14
followers of, 56, 210
is the gate, 258, 261, 263
interprets, 76
as Jewish, 61
and Moses, 22–24, 81, 85
the poor man, 209
is the prophet, 14
the real Torah, 69
teaches the Torah, 25
understood the Torah, 38
as the voice of God, 8
Jews: mission among, 57, 61–62
“gospel” to, 239
Judaism, 63
judge: God as, 152, 194
the term, 228
judgment, 69, 78
of character, 267
connected to, 64
fear of God’s, 194
final, 259
on one another, 152, 159
sitting in, 227–29, 234
by works, 264
judgmentalism, tendency toward, 231–34
justice, 37–40, 121–22
love-shaped, 125
pursue, 43, 49, 51–52, 207
required, 129
justification, 9
“just war theory,” 131
killing, 131
kingdom: coming of, 218
to enter, 257–560
ethic of, 11
in the future, 211
of heaven, 40
language of, 10
least in, 69
pursuit of, 220–21
and will of God, 178–80
kinnuyim, 114
Kittim, 140
kosher laws, 72–73
lamp, and the eye, 207–8
law, the, 13
Christian and, 53
to its essence, 249–51
fulfilled, 66, 67, 68, 72
gospel is, 7
of Moses, 8
ramped up, 1. See also, Mosaic Law, Torah
laws, in society, 121
legalism, 249
Lent, 201
lex talionis, 122–25, 128, 130, 132–33
liberalism, 249
light: give off, 207–8
metaphors of, 55–56, 64
of the world, 58–59
Lord’s Prayer, the, 152, 169–92
an essential guide, 191
recited, 175, 189–90
setting of, 171–72
love: all humans, 147
centrality of, 141
of enemy, 142–44
fruit of, 271
gloriousness of, 95
of God and others, 38
live to, 207
and lust, 93
marked by, 90, 228, 230
nonresistant, 124–26
of neighbor, 132, 145
others as oneself, 252–55
Torah through, 249
is understood, 94
lust: adultery begins with, 86–89
confession of, 90
love and, 93
Magnificat, 43
male and female, God made, 94–95
mammon, 209, 212. See also, money, possessions, rich, wealth
marriage: confusion about, 94–95
destroyed, 109
Jesus understands, 100
redefine, 96
is about “with-ness”, 97
Martyrdom of Polycarp, 143
martyrs, 128
masters, two, 209
Matthew, dating of, 16
meek, the, 42
merciful, blessed are, 44–45
mercy, 105, 270–71
toward others, 227, 230
Messiah, 25, 63, 257
Jesus, 73
messianic ethic, 13
messianic Jews, 73
military, 130–31
Mishnah, the, 31
mission, 222–23
how we understand, 60–61
includes both, 61–62
monastic tradition, 4
money, 203, 209
danger of, 212–13
God or, 210
matters, 223. See also, affluence, mammon, possessions, rich, wealth
morality: code for private, 2
the sermon and, 3
Mosaic Law: on divorce, 96–97
lex talionis of, 129. See also, law, Torah
Moses, 1, 3, 8, 81, 85
to Christ, 133
Jesus as a new, 22–24
summons of, 256–57
mountain, into the, 22
mourn, those who, 40–43
murder, 76–80, 82
Nagasaki, story of, 261–62
name: of God, 176
profane the, 110
narrative ethics, 9
natural theology, 218
Nazirite vows, 114, 216
neighbor, love for, 139, 141–42, 145, 147–48
nonresistance, vision of, 126
oaths, 110–19
obedience, 27, 275–77
Old Testament, and war, 133
original sin, 244
Oxford Hypothesis, 16
pacifism, 47, 130–32
pagan piety, 170, 172
pagans, Romans as, 219
parable, of builders, 273–75
Passover, the, 257
pastor, the, 269
Paul: and divorce, 107
and the law, 54
means by gospel, 71
in the Sermon, 2
peace, 38
peacemakers, 46–48
followers as, 130–31
pearls, 239
perfection, 90
the word, 145–47
perichoresis, 95, 143
permissiveness, 97, 99, 107
persecution, 49
perspective, of the divine narration, 226
Pharisees, the, 142
false teaching of, 155–56
leaven of, 266
provoked by Jesus, 231
surpass that of, 70
poor, the: blessing, 43
sensitive to, 224
in spirit, 38–40
what about, 221. See also, poverty
porneia, 100–102
possessions, 205–7, 209
can create anxiety, 216
danger of, 217
hermeneutics of, 209–10
the lure of, 210. See also, mammon, money, rich, wealth
poverty, 39, 204. See also, poor
prayer, 153, 155
as aching and yearning, 191
anchor of, 244
discouragement in, 246–47
by Gentiles, 170–73, 188
makes a difference, 187–88
memorized, 174
persistence in, 241–42
in public, 165–68
recited, 162–63, 189
will answer, 243. See also, Lord’s Prayer
prayer life, 244–45
preacher, the, 269
priest, the, 266, 269
priesthood, of all believers, 236
prophets, 10–11, 13, 66–68, 140, 141, 266
providence, 219
public deeds, do not prohibit, 160
punishment, commensurable, 122–23
pure in heart, 45–46
Q, source called, 36
Qaddish, 173, 179
Quakers, 131
Qumran community, 40, 42
reading: of the gospel, 27
the Bible, 65–66, 71–72, 133
reconciliation, 51, 183, 228
exhortation to, 79–80, with other humans in, 82–84
marriage and, 105–6
redemption, our need of, 37
relational disposition, 34
remarriage: is adultery, 103–4
and ecclesial discernment, 105
justifiable, 107–9
repentance, 109
resources, for those teaching, 18
retribution, requirement of, 123–24, 129
revelation, 122
revolution, in evaluation, 51–52
reward, 144
Father’s, 198
heaven as, 184
involves living, 154
lack of emphasis on, 200
language of, 157–58
motivation by, 211–12
possession of, 165–66, 197
rich, the, 39, 40. See also, affluence, mammon, money, possessions, wealth
righteousness, 105–6, 144, 151–54
kind of, 70
marked by, 90
meaning of, 44
to pursue, 43, 49, 51, 220–21
a term describing, 276
rock, 274–75
Rome, subject to, 126
sacraments, 14
sacred, the, 236–40
sacrifice, 155, 224
sage, the, 266
salt: of the earth, 57–58
metaphors of, 55–56, 64
salvation, by faith, 54, 265
Samson, 43
sanctification, 54, 70
justification and, 9
mutual, 230
Satan, 186
scribes, 266
secular calling, 236
secular life, no distinction between, 128
Sermon on the Mount: context for, 19
essence of, 250
is the moral portrait, 1
both instruction and indictment, 1
preliminaries to reading, 14
structure of, 17
is not Torah on steroids, 277
sexual immorality, 99–102
sexuality, 88, 91–92
sexual purity, 85
sexual redemption, 90
Shema, the, 139, 163, 173
simplicity, 210–214
social custom, radical distance from, 127
Spirit. See, Holy Spirit
spiritual disciplines, 4, 91, 195, 221
spiritual gifts, 14, 271
spousal abuse, 107–8
St. Francis, 131
state, cooperation with, 132
Story: commitment to, 9, 10
of the gospel, 24
of Israel, 71
of Jesus, 71–72
student, posture of a, 26
supersessionism, 24
swearing falsely, 112–14, 119
synagogues, 165
teacher, the, 269
Jesus as, 25
temptation, and the Evil One, 185–86
Ten Commandments, the, 8, 111, 163, 252
Torah, the, 8: conformity to, 44, 153
divine origin, 122
ethic flows out of, 141
to describe, 249–52
following, 69
God gave, 81
is God’s revelation, 54
Jesus himself is, 14
Jesus quotes, 123
Jesus taught, 25
Jesus understood, 38
mastered the, 70
Moses taught, 22
not to abolish, 68
not a criticism of, 140
obey, 257
observance of, 30–31, 33
revealed, 256
on steroids, 277
weight of, 139
transformation, demanding, 89
treasure, storing up, 203, 205–7
trinitarian manner, 71
Trinity, the, 143, 170
perichoresis of, 95
truth, tell the, 116. See also, honesty
Twelve, the, 22
universality, 5
utilitarian ethics, 6
violence, 48, 132–34
curbing, 124
virtue ethics, 4–5, 9, 132
vow, 110–14
Waldensians, 131
war, the Old Testament and, 133
wealth, 39
Jesus benefited from, 212
the lure of, 210
and the church, 204. See also, affluence, mammon, money, possessions, rich
wisdom, 11–13, 52
Jesus is, 14
strive for, 207
wise, the, 274
woe, statements, 37
&nbs
p; Word, the, 14
works, 144
of compassion, 268
judged by, 264–65
and salvation, 54
tell the truth, 269–70
world, earth or, 57
worry, the term, 218
YHWH/Yahweh, 71, 176, 209
Yom Kippur, fasting and, 194
Zealots, 46, 131, 142
Author Index
Allison, Dale C., Jr., 18, 22, 23, 33, 39, 40, 46, 56, 68, 78, 87, 99, 102, 112, 118, 126, 129, 134, 141, 155–56, 172, 174, 181, 185–86, 190, 199, 205–8, 211, 219, 229, 237, 244, 251, 258, 267–68
Amaru, B. H., 42
Anderson, G. A., 49, 144, 154
Aquinas, 3, 4, 218
Aristotle, 3, 4, 11, 12, 14, 32, 218, 230
Augustine, 3, 4, 15, 21, 37, 46, 48, 91, 131, 207, 238
Banks, R., 195
Barth, Karl, 1, 66
Batey, R. A., 156, 197
Bauckham, R., 26
Bauman, C., 1
Beasley-Murray, G. R., 40, 178
Benedict, 4, 213
Bentham, Jeremy, 6, 12
Berghuis, Kent, 199
Bethge, E., 47, 91
Betz, H. D., 1, 15, 197, 208
Billerbeck, P., 62
Blackburn, Simon, 91, 93
Blomberg, C., 209
Bockmuehl, M., 97
Bonaventure, 4, 12, 46
Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 8, 18, 37, 47, 49, 50, 58, 60, 87, 90–91, 115–16, 124–25, 128, 134, 199, 228, 258
Brown, H. O. J., 266
Brown, Michael, 207
Brown, R. E., 40, 186
Brueggemann, W., 163
Brumberg, Joan Jacobs, 201
Buber, Martin, 11, 12, 151
Bunyan, 46
Calvin, 3, 18, 48, 53, 64, 66, 90, 129, 131, 145, 157, 174, 182, 186–88, 190, 193, 197, 205, 208, 231, 238, 271
Campbell, Charles, 31
Campbell, Constantine R., 274
Carter, W., 1, 15, 19, 31
Cheshire, Michael, 232
Chrysologus, Hilary and Peter, 78
Chrysostom, John, 3, 69, 87, 154, 200, 219
Clark, Greg, 12, 56, 78, 97, 123, 155, 253
Clement of Alexandria, 204
Clouse, R. G., 48
Cohn-Sherbok, Dan, 63
Cornes, A., 100, 103
Craigie, P., 129
Crouch, J. E., 39
Dante, 46
Davies, W. D., 25, 56, 68, 78, 99, 102, 112, 126, 141, 155–56, 172, 174, 186, 206, 209, 211, 219, 237, 251, 258, 268
Davis, J. R., 123
Dean, O. C., 1
Dewey, D., 19
Dickson, J., 62
Dodd, C. H., 66, 178
Dorsett, Lyle, 245
Dowsett, R. M., 21, 30
Dunn, J. D. G., 40, 175
Estep, W. R., 47
Eusebius, 23–24
Evans, G. R., 266
Ferguson, E., 170
Fitch, D., 92
Fitzmyer, J., 100
Foster, R., 66, 88, 90, 130, 150, 167, 193, 242, 271
France, R. T., 15, 18, 22, 37, 39, 44, 45, 68, 78, 79, 125, 174, 177, 182, 183, 197, 207, 208, 222, 242, 244, 259, 260, 267
Gale, Aaron M., 77, 146, 209
Galor, K., 206
Garland, David E., 18, 22, 37, 59, 65, 77, 86, 87, 97, 100, 141, 142, 156
Gelius, 86
Gert, Bernard, 12
Gilbert, G., 140
Gill, John, 190
Glynn, P., 261
Goldingay, J., 184
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