by Bill Lamin
LETTERS
from the
TRENCHES
First published in Great Britain in 2009 by
Michael O’Mara Books Limited
9 Lion Yard
Tremadoc Road
London SW4 7NQ
This electronic edition published in 2012
ISBN: 978-1-84317-833-0 in ePub format
ISBN: 978-1-84317-832-3 in Mobipocket format
ISBN: 978-1-84317-373-1 in hardback print format
Copyright © Bill Lamin 2009
Maps copyright © Bill Lamin 2009
The illustration on the half-title page shows a cap badge of the York and Lancaster Regiment from the Great War (York and Lancaster Regimental Museum, Rotherham)
The right of Bill Lamin to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Every reasonable effort has been made to acknowledge all copyright holders. Any errors or omissions that may have occurred are inadvertent, and anyone with any copyright queries is invited to write to the publishers, so that a full acknowledgement may be included in subsequent editions of this work.
All rights reserved. You may not copy, store, distribute, transmit, reproduce or otherwise make available this publication (or any part of it) in any form, or by any means (electronic, digital, optical, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the publisher. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
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CONTENTS
Preface
Chapter 1: Harry and Family Before Conscription, 28 December 1916
Chapter 2: Preparing for War: February–May 1917
Chapter 3: First Taste of the Trenches
Chapter 4: Messines Ridge
Chapter 5: The Summer of 1917
Chapter 6: Mid-September 1917 Onwards
Chapter 7: The Journey to Italy
Chapter 8: The Piave River Defence Line
Chapter 9: Asiago – Spring and Summer 1918
Chapter 10: The Endgame
Chapter 11: Italy – The War Is Over
Chapter 12: Homeward Bound
Postscript
Glossary
Acknowledgements
Picture Acknowledgements
To the memory of Harry Lamin and his comrades of the Great War
PREFACE
HARRY LAMIN WAS AN unexceptional man who lived through the exceptional horrors of the First World War. Through his letters from that time we can gain some insight into the fate of the ordinary soldier – for Harry was a private soldier for the whole of his service. The letters are not sensational. The style is limited and often rather flat, but somehow the character of the man is immediately accessible. Online readers have commented that they feel that they know Harry personally; as his saga progressed on the Internet, some came to feel that they had gained an extra member of their own family. He was my grandfather.
The source of the material seems to fascinate many people. There is no great mystery, however, no exciting, sudden discovery. One drawer of a desk at my parents’ home housed old family documents, photographs of long-forgotten relatives, newspaper cuttings and the like. I was around eleven or twelve years old when I first became aware that Harry’s letters were in that desk drawer. I suspect that they had been recovered and placed in the desk when Ethel, Harry’s wife, died. They were in no particular order, just bundled together in the drawer. I don’t think that I read any of them until a little later, but I can remember, aged around sixteen, being fascinated by his letter of 6 October 1917 to his brother Jack, in which he describes beating off a German attack and ‘did not feel nervous when I saw them coming over’.
Once I’d claimed the letters, after my sister Anita and I had cleared the family home, I did little with them for months. Eventually, I took them into the comprehensive school where I worked to see whether teachers in the History Department could use them for pupils studying the First World War. Their response was very enthusiastic. A book was suggested, but the amount of work required to get the letters and other material into a suitable form was daunting, especially as I was holding down a demanding teaching job. Then, of course, there was no guarantee that a publisher would be interested.
The idea of creating a blog from the letters was a wonderful inspiration. Researching the use of blogs for the schoolchildren (I was Head of IT), I made the connection between the letters and the (then) accepted format for a blog. I realized that I could use the Internet to ‘time shift’ and publish the letters in precisely the same timescale as that in which my grandfather had written them. In this I was lucky: not only was 2007 exactly ninety years after Harry Lamin was first sent to the front, but the days of the week in 1917 fell on the same days in 2007 – so Harry’s letter of Wednesday, 7 February 1917 was published on Wednesday, 7 February 2007. Readers of the blog could experience the same anxieties that had confronted Harry’s family back in 1917 and 1918. They wouldn’t know when the next letter would appear. They would have no idea whether Harry was all right, or had become a casualty – perhaps even been killed. Crucially, I only had to deal with one letter at a time – quite manageable.
The photographs that had surfaced with the letters proved to be an important element of the blog. In fact, there were only two photographs of Harry up to the end of the war in 1918: the Awsworth Board School photograph of him as a child among his classmates and teachers, and the picture of him with his squad that was almost certainly taken when he was first conscripted. From each of these I doubled up the photographs by cropping individual images of Harry from the groups. When I started the blog in the summer of 2006, however, I had only the photograph from the school taken in the early 1890s. I had no knowledge of the squad picture showing Harry in uniform.
I had been posting on the blog for about a year when my sister turned up the dog-eared photograph from a box of ‘bits’ left over from the house clearance. That picture is crucial to the blog. An image of Harry the soldier made it much easier for readers to identify with Harry the man. As soon as the distressed picture was published, readers with expertise in photograph manipulation offered to ‘do their best’ to restore it. The results were pleasing, sharpening the image and removing the blemishes that had defaced the original.
The first posts to the blog introduced Harry and described his background and family. The idea was to see whether I could generate a little interest before the ‘live’ letters started appearing. On 7 February 2007, exactly ninety years after it was written, I posted on the blog a transcript of Harry’s first letter from the training camp in Rugeley, Staffordshire. After that, each of his letters appeared on the same date on which it had been written, albeit nine decades earlier. Those reading on the web could see his story, his war, unfold as though it were happening now.
Since the launch, the success of the blog has been astonishing. What had started as a hobby has grown into a worldwide phenomenon. The ‘real-time’ serialization of Private Harry Lamin’s letters has attracted well over 2 million page loads and drawn media attention from the press, television and radio around the world. It has gained a devoted set of readers, anxiously checking the blog to find out what was happening to Harry ninety years earlier. ‘I check for a Harry letter before I check my own emails,’ was a typical response. Readers seemed to iden
tify with this man from ninety years ago, and frequently added words of encouragement over events taking place in a completely different time frame. The neatest analogy came from a reader who reminded me that we look up at the stars and observe events that happened thousands, if not millions, of years ago, and yet we accept them without question as ‘now’ events.
The blog became such an event, not only for those who followed it, but for me as well. As soon as we started to read the letters, we would be transported back to another era, feeling, even sharing, the anxiety that Harry’s family would have felt so many years earlier.
In this book, as on the Internet, the transcriptions of Harry’s letters are as faithful and as accurate as possible. Harry’s grammar and spelling are not always perfect, but still reflect great credit on the education he received at Awsworth Board School. State schooling at that time (for those not educated privately) was compulsory, but generally limited to around four years of drilling in the ‘three Rs’ – ‘Reading, wRiting and ‘Rithmetic’. The quality of his letters – especially since his schooling ended when he was thirteen – would certainly bear comparison with the efforts of the pupils I teach today – National Curriculum, SATS, myriad ‘initiatives’ and all.
Again as on the blog, I have tried to be a little selective in the choice of letters that appear here. There is a fair amount of repetition in them, and not all contribute a great deal. Similarly, the war diary of Harry’s battalion, the tersely worded daily account of the activities of the unit, contributes much to our understanding of the experiences of Harry and of other ‘ordinary’ soldiers but, in its listing of everyday occurrences, would become tedious if reproduced as a complete document.
It is useful, I think, to stress the most important aspect of the blog. ‘World War I – Experiences of an English Soldier’ (http://wwar1.blogspot.com), to which this book is a companion, attracted attention and followers through the unique feature of the publication of the letters in ‘real time plus ninety years’, each being posted on to the Internet exactly ninety years to the day after Harry wrote it. The only way of determining what was going on in his life was to wait for the next letter. There were, too, some significant gaps which worried many readers, since they had no way of discovering whether Harry lived, was wounded or had been killed in action. The next post might well have been a standard letter or telegram from the War Office giving Ethel, his wife, terrible news. My instruction for visitors to the website simply read: ‘To find Harry’s fate, follow the blog.’ There was no other way for them to learn what happened to him.
Even on the blog, the journey towards the finishing line – the end of the war – was not quite as effective for readers because the date on which the fighting ended is well known (something denied to Harry at the time, of course). Questions were asked about whether I would give an account of Harry’s life after the war. Naturally, to maintain the suspense, I could give no indication that he would survive, and had to ignore the questions.
The extent and seriousness of the involvement of readers of Harry’s blog is probably best reflected in the comments made. To date (the blog continues as I write) there have been over 1,500 comments posted by people who have followed it (enough for a separate book – wwar1comments.blogspot.com). The support, appreciation and intense engagement that became so evident have been extraordinary. In the whole collection of comments, I can remember but two that were slightly critical; the rest, in total, made all the hard work well worthwhile.
BILL LAMIN
February 2009
CHAPTER 1
HARRY AND FAMILY – BEFORE CONSCRIPTION, 28 DECEMBER 1916
WILLIAM HENRY BONSER – HARRY – LAMIN was born on 28 August 1887 in Awsworth, Nottinghamshire, close to the border with Derbyshire. I have a little documented information about his childhood, and some family hearsay. If I recount all that I have discovered, readers can complete their own picture of the boy that grew up to be Private Harry Lamin.
His family had originally been well-to-do farmers, but in 1875 sold up the farm in Annesley and moved to nearby Awsworth. I have a beautiful poster advertising the farm sale. The family tale is that drink was involved in the decline of Henry Lamin’s farm. Subsequently, according to the 1881 and 1891 census data, Henry, Harry’s father, then became a farm labourer, later a ‘chemical labourer’. A menial job in the chemical industry at the end of the nineteenth century would not have been too overburdened by ‘Health-and-Safety’ issues, but Henry lived on until April 1918, when he died, aged seventy-three.
At some time before quitting the farm, Henry had married Sarah Bonser (hence Harry’s unusual name). There were five children who survived to school age: John (Jack) was born in 1870, Sarah Anne (Annie) in 1874, Catherine (Kate) in 1877, and Harry ten years later, in 1887. A third daughter, Mary Esther was born in 1872, but had died, aged seventeen, when Harry was two, and so has no active part in this account.
Harry’s mother, Sarah, appears on the 1881 census but has disappeared by 1891, the family Bible recording that she died in 1889, while a card printed for her funeral records the date as 13 March 1891, when she was forty-three. Harry therefore lost his mother, as well as an older sister, at a very early age. He was probably brought up by his grandmother, with whom the family lived after the farm was sold, and perhaps also by Jack, his brother, some seventeen years his senior, and by his sisters Annie and Kate.
Harry’s class at Awsworth Board School, c. 1894; he is third from left in the second row.
We know that Harry attended Awsworth Board School, as did his brother and sisters. The photograph of Harry as a youngster is taken from his school photograph: he is third from the left in the second row from the front. Unfortunately, there is no date for the photograph, but he looks about seven so it must have been taken around 1894. Both the school and the wall seen behind the children are still there, although the latter has been modified to allow vehicles to enter and use the former playground as a car park. The old school is still a fine building and is now used by a packaging-design company.
My family still has books and cross-stitch samplers used or stitched by Mary Esther, Annie and Kate while they were at the same school, and I have to assume that Jack too would have received his early education in the same establishment as his brothers and sisters. We must commend the efforts of the teachers. Although his schooling ended when he was thirteen, Harry writes a fine letter with sound, if not quite perfect, grammar and spelling. Jack became a distinguished clergyman, while Kate trained as a midwife and, later, became a matron in the main hospital in the City of Leeds, Leeds General Infirmary.
In the 1901 census, Harry, aged thirteen, is found to be staying with his older brother in Cowley, Oxford. Jack was then a schoolmaster (in the 1891 census, he is listed as an assistant schoolmaster in Awsworth). I have no way of knowing whether this was a short visit for Harry, or a longer stay, but I suspect the latter, for Oxford people and places are mentioned in his letters. With no mother at home, this may well have been a convenient arrangement, reducing the strain on the family’s finances.
Later, Harry worked in one of the many local lace factories near Ilkeston, Derbyshire, living at 19 Mill Street in that town, in a terraced house that still exists. In 1914 he gave his occupation on his marriage certificate as ‘lacemaker’, but I believe that he was actually a maintenance fitter (mechanic) for lace-making machines.
The most common occupations for men in Ilkeston then were coal miner or working at the local Stanton Iron Works: a job in a lace factory would have been seen as a relatively ‘soft’ option. At the time, Ilkeston was in a heavily industrialized region of England, principally coal mining and its associated industries, among them the large iron and steel works. Both industries have declined, and indeed virtually disappeared, in my lifetime – that is, since the 1950s. During the Great War, however, they were at peak production, the war itself producing an enormous demand for coal and steel.
In the various letters and accounts by or concerning Ha
rry Lamin, several characters play an important part, and it seems useful to introduce them at this point. First of all, the two principal recipients of Harry’s letters.
Catherine (Kate) was the next youngest after Harry, but even so was still ten years older than him. According to the 1901 census, she was still at home at twenty-four years of age, with no recorded occupation. What we know now, but which would have been – indeed was – kept very quiet at the time, is that Kate had an illegitimate daughter, born in 1910. Connie – Constance Wilkinson Lamin – became an important element in Harry’s home life.
By the time that Harry was conscripted into the Army in 1917, Kate had become a successful midwife in London. I have a range of certificates and letters of commendation from her time there. In late 1917, Harry’s letters indicate that she had moved to Leeds, where she eventually became a matron at Leeds General Infirmary. Her flat in Hanover Square, Leeds, still exists and looks, today, a very pleasant place to live. She continued in her profession after the end of the war, only, like so many of her contemporaries, to find herself caught up in another war in 1939. She died in July 1948, when she was seventy years old. My older sister, Anita, remembers her as a ‘formidable woman’; she never married.
Kate Lamin as a young nurse.
The oldest of Henry and Sarah Lamin’s children, John Ernest (Jack) Lamin, was born in 1870, seventeen years before his brother Harry. As mentioned earlier, the 1901 census shows that he was then an elementary schoolmaster living in Oxford. By the time Harry began to write to him from the front, however, Jack had been ordained as an Anglican clergyman and was a curate, living in Newland, Yorkshire, an inner suburb of Hull. He married in the autumn of 1917 at the fairly advanced age of forty-seven. They had no children.
I have been able to trace some of his career after the war. Coincidentally, he was to spend some time at Rugeley in Staffordshire, where Harry did his basic training for the Army. He eventually became a canon (in this case, an honorary appointment in the Church of England, for senior, well-respected members of the clergy) attached to the Minster at York, where I understand there is a memorial plaque to him.