Katz, Marylin A. Penelope’s Renown: Meaning and Indeterminacy in the Odyssey. Princeton, 1991.
Kirk, G. S. The Songs of Homer. Cambridge, England, 1962.
Lamberton, Robert. Homer the Theologian: Neoplatonist Allegorical Reading and the Growth of the Epic Tradition. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 1986.
____, and J. J. Keaney, eds. Homer’s Ancient Readers: The Hermeneutics of Greek Epic’s Earliest Exegetes. Princeton, 1992.
Lloyd-Jones, Sir Hugh. The Justice of Zeus. 2d ed. Sather Classical Lectures, Vol. 41. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 1983.
Lord, Albert. The Singer of Tales. Cambridge, Mass., 1960.
Louden, Bruce. The Odyssey: Structure, Narration, and Meaning. Baltimore and London, 1999.
Martin, Richard. The Language of Heroes: Speech and Performance in the Iliad. Ithaca, 1989.
McAuslan, Ian, and Peter Walcot, eds. Homer. Oxford and New York, 1998.
Morris, Ian, and Barry Powell, eds. A New Companion to Homer. Leiden and New York, 1997.
Moulton, Carroll. Similes in the Homeric Poems. Göttingen, 1977.
Mueller, Martin, The Iliad. Unwin Critical Library, ed. Claude Rawson. London, 1984.
Murnaghan, Sheila. Disguise and Recognition in the Odyssey. Princeton, 1987.
Myrsiades, Kostas, ed. Approaches to Teaching Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey. New York, 1987.
Nagy, Gregory. The Best of the Achaeans: Concepts of the Hero in Archaic Greek Poetry. Baltimore and London, 1979.
Olson, S. Douglas. Blood and Iron: Stories and Storytelling in Homer’s Odyssey. Leiden, New York, Köln, 1995.
Page, Sir Denys. Folktales in Homer’s Odyssey. Cambridge, Mass., 1973.
____. The Homeric Odyssey. Oxford, 1955.
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Parry, Milman. The Making of Homeric Verse: The Collected Papers of Milman Parry. Ed. Adam Parry. Oxford, 1971.
Peradotto, John. Man in the Middle Voice: Name and Narration in the Odyssey. Martin Classical Lectures, New Series, Vol. 1. Princeton, 1990.
Pucci, Pietro. Odysseus Polutropos: Intertextual Readings in the Odyssey and the Iliad. 2d ed. Ithaca, 1995.
Rubens, Beaty, and Oliver Taplin. An Odyssey Round Odysseus: The Man and His Story Traced Through Time and Place. London, 1989.
Rubino, Carl A., and Cynthia W. Shelmerdine, eds. Approaches to Homer. Austin, 1983.
Schein, Seth L., ed. Reading the Odyssey: Selected Interpretive Essays. Princeton, 1995.
Scully, Stephen. Homer and the Sacred City. Ithaca and London, 1990.
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PRONOUNCING GLOSSARY
The main purpose of this glossary is to indicate pronunciation. Identifications are brief, and only the first appearance of a name is listed.
Phonetic Equivalents:
a as in cat
ay as in day
aw as in raw
ai as in air
ah as in father
e as in pet
ee as in feet
i as in bit
eye as in bite
o as in pot
oh as in bone
oo as in boot
or as in bore
s as in hiss
th as in thin
u as in us
ur as in burst
Stress is indicated by an apostrophe after the stressed syllable (af’-ter).
ACASTUS (a-kas’-tus): king of Dulichion, ref.
ACHAEA (a-kee’-a): general, collective name for mainland Greece, ref.
ACHAEANS (a-kee’-unz): collective name for all Greek people, including the citizens of Ithaca, ref.
ACHERON (a’-ker-on): a river in the underworld, ref. See note ad loc.
ACHILLES (a-kil’-eez): son of Peleus and Thetis, grandson of Aeacus, and commander of the Myrmidons, Achaean allies, at Troy, ref.
ACTORIS (ak’-to-ris): maid of Penelope, ref.
ADRESTE (a-drees’-tee): maid of Helen, ref.
AEACUS (ee’-a-kus): son of Zeus, father of Peleus, grandfather of Achilles, ref.
AEAEA (ee-ee’-a): island home of Circe, ref.
AEETES (ee-ee’-teez): brother of Circe, ref.
AEGAE (ee’-jee): Achaean city in the northern Peloponnese and sacred to Poseidon, ref.
AEGISTHUS (ee-jis’-thus): son of Thyestes, seducer of Clytemnestra and murderer of Agamemnon, killed by Orestes, ref. See note ad loc.
AEGYPTIUS (ee-jip’-shus): Ithacan elder, father of Eurynomus, ref.
AEOLIA (ee-oh’-li-a): island ruled by Aeolus, ref.
AEOLUS (ee’-oh-lus): (1) master of the winds, ref. (2) Father of Cretheus, ref.
AESON (ee’-son): son of Tyro and Cretheus, father of Jason, ref.
AETHON (ee’-thon): name assumed by Odysseus, disguised as a beggar, ref.
AETOLIA (ee-toh’-li-a): region in west-central Greece, ref.
AGAMEMNON (a-ga-mem’-non): king of Mycenae, son of Atreus, husband of Clytemnestra, murdered by her and Aegisthus; brother of Menelaus, supreme commander of all Achaea’s armies and leader of the largest contingent at Troy, ref. See note ref.
AGELAUS (a-je-lay’-us): suitor, son of Damastor, killed by Odysseus, ref.
AJAX (ay’-jax): (1) Achaean, son of Telamon, Telamonian or Great Ajax, defeated by Odysseus in the contest for Achilles’ armor, ref. See notes ad loc. and ref. (2) Achaean, son of Oileus, Oilean or Little Ajax, ref. See notes ref, ref.
ALCANDRE (al-kan’-dree): lady of Egyptian Thebes, wife of Polybus, ref.
ALCIMUS (al’-si-mus): father of Mentor, ref.
ALCINOUS (al-si’-no-us): king of the Phaeacians, husband of Arete, father of Nausicaa, ref.
ALCIPPE (al-si’-pee): maid of Helen, ref.
ALCMAEON (alk-mee’-on): son of Amphiaraus, ref.
ALCMENA (alk-mee’-na): mother of Heracles by Zeus, ref. See note ref.
ALECTOR (a-lek’-tor): Spartan, whose daughter married Megapenthes, ref.
ALOEUS (a-lee’-us): husband of Iphimedeia, supposed father of Otus and Ephialtes, ref
.
ALPHEUS (al-fee’-us): river in the western Peloponnese, ref.
AMNISUS (am-ni’-sus): port city of Cnossos, on the northern coast of Crete, ref.
AMPHIARAUS (am-fi-a-ray’-us): prophet and king of Argos, son of Oicles, grandfather of Theoclymenus, and one of the Seven Against Thebes who fought and died there, ref. See note ref.
AMPHILOCHUS (am-fi’-lo-kus): son of Amphiaraus, ref.
AMPHIMEDON (am-fi’-me-don): suitor killed by Telemachus; in the underworld his ghost reports the death of all the suitors to the ghost of Agamemnon, ref.
AMPHINOMUS (am-fi’-no-mus): a suitor killed by Telemachus, and a favorite of Penelope, ref.
AMPHION (am-feye’-on): (1) son of Zeus and Antiope; co-founder of Thebes (2) with his brother Zethus, ref. (2) King of Orchomenos, son of Iasus (1) and father of Chloris, ref.
AMPHITHEA (am-fi’-the-a): wife of Autolycus, mother of Anticleia, grandmother of Odysseus, ref.
AMPHITRITE (am-fi-treye’-tee): queen of the sea, ref.
AMPHITRYON (am-fi’-tri-on): husband of Alcmena, supposed father of Heracles, ref.
AMYTHAON (a-mi-thay’-on): son of Tyro and Cretheus, ref.
ANCHIALUS (an-keye’-a-lus): father of Mentes, ref.
ANDRAEMON (an-dree’-mon): father of Thoas, ref.
ANTICLEIA (an-ti-kleye’-a): daughter of Autolycus, wife of Laertes, mother of Odysseus, ref.
ANTICLUS (an’-ti-klus): one of the Achaean soldiers in the Trojan horse, ref.
ANTILOCHUS (an-ti’-lo-kus): son of Nestor, brother of Pisistratus and Thrasymedes; killed by Memnon at Troy, ref. See note ref.
ANTINOUS (an-ti’-no-us): son of Eupithes, one of the two leading suitors, ref. See note ref.
ANTIOPE (an-teye’-o-pee): daughter of Asopos, mother by Zeus of Amphion and Zethus, ref.
ANTIPHATES (an-ti’-fa-teez): (1) king of the Laestrygonians, ref. (2) Son of Melampus, father of Oicles, ref.
ANTIPHUS (an’-ti-fus): (1) son of Aegyptius, companion of Odysseus, killed by the Cyclops, ref. (2) Ithacan elder, ref.
APHRODITE (a-fro-deye’-tee): goddess of love, daughter of Zeus and wife of Hephaestus, ref. See note ref.
APIRAEA (a-peye-ree’-a): home of Eurymedusa, servant of Nausicaa, ref.
APOLLO (a-pol’-oh): son of Zeus and Leto, patron of the arts, especially music and poetry, and the god of archery —“lord of the silver bow” —whose arrows are a metaphor for the onset of a plague, and whose festival day in Ithaca is the day on which Odysseus kills the suitors, ref. See notes, passim.
ARCESIUS (ar-see’-si-us): son of Zeus, father of Laertes, grandfather of Odysseus, ref.
ARES (ai’-reez): son of Zeus and Hera, god of war, lover of Aphrodite, ref.
ARETE (a-ree’-tee): queen of Phaeacia, wife of Alcinous, mother of Nausicaa, ref. See note ad loc.
ARETHUSA (a-re-thoo’-sa): spring in Ithaca, ref.
ARETIAS (a-ree’-ti-as): grandfather of Amphinomus, ref.
ARETUS (a-ree’-tus): son of Nestor, ref.
ARGIVES (ar’-geyevz): alternate name for the Achaeans, ref.
ARGO (ar’-goh): the ship of the Argonauts, ref. See note ref.
ARGOS (ar’-gos): city or district in the northeastern Peloponnese, or the general region of the Achaeans, mainland Greece, ref.
ARGOS (ar’-gos): dog of Odysseus, ref.
ARIADNE (a-ri-ad’-nee): daughter of Minos, killed by Artemis, ref. See note ad loc.
ARNAEUS (ar-nee’-us): true name of the beggar Irus, ref.
ARTACIA (ar-tay’-sha): a spring on the island of the Laestrygonians, ref.
ARTEMIS (ar’-te-mis): daughter of Zeus and Leto, sister of Apollo, goddess of childbirth and hunting, ref. See note ref.
ARYBAS (a’-ri-bas): a lord of Sidon, father of Eumaeus’ nurse, ref.
ASOPUS (a-soh’-pus): river in Boeotia; as a river god, the father of Antiope, ref.
ASPHALION (as-fa’-li-on): attendant of Menelaus, ref.
ASTERIS (as’-ter-is): small island south of Ithaca, ref.
ATHENA (a-thee’-na): or Pallas Athena, goddess, daughter of Zeus, defender of the Achaeans. A patron of human ingenuity and resourcefulness, whether exemplified by handicrafts, such as spinning and weaving, or by skill in human relations, such as that possessed by Odysseus, her favorite among the Greeks, ref. See notes, passim.
ATHENS (a’-thenz): the great city of Erechtheus and Athena, located in Attica, in east-central Greece, ref.
ATLAS (at’-las): Titan who upholds the pillars separating the earth and sky; father of Calypso, ref. See note ad loc.
ATREUS (ay’-tryoos): father of Agamemnon and Menelaus, ref.
ATRIDES (a-treye’-deez): “son of Atreus,” patronymic of Agamemnon or Menelaus, ref.
AUTOLYCUS (aw-to’-li-kus): “the wolf himself,” father of Anticleia, maternal grandfather of Odysseus, ref.
AUTONOË (aw-to’-no-ee): maid of Penelope, ref.
BOËTHOUS (boh-ee’-tho-us): father of Eteoneus, ref.
CADMUS (kad’-mus): founder of Thebes, father of Ino Leucothea, ref.
CALYPSO (ka-lip’-soh): goddess-nymph, daughter of Atlas, who makes her home on the island of Ogygia, ref.
CASSANDRA (ka-san’-dra): daughter of Priam, lover of Agamemnon, and murdered with him by Aegisthus and Clytemnestra, ref. See note ref.
CASTOR (kas’-tor): (1) son of Zeus and Leda, brother of Helen and Polydeuces, ref. See note ad loc. (2) Son of Hylax, fictitious father of Odysseus, ref.
CAUCONIANS (kaw-koh’-ni-unz): a tribe southwest of Pylos, ref.
CENTAURS (sen’-tawrz): wild creatures, part man and part horse, who live in the vicinity of Mount Pelion, ref. See note ad loc.
CEPHALLENIANS (se-fa-lee’-ni-unz): ref, general name for the subjects of Odysseus as well as for the people of CEPHALLENIA (se-fa-lee’-ni-a), an island off the coast of Greece, to the west of Ithaca, in the kingdom of Odysseus, ref.
CETEANS (se-tee’-unz): the people led by Eurypylus, ref.
CHALCIS (kal’-sis): a stream south of the mouth of the Alpheus, off the western coast of the Peloponnese, ref.
CHARYBDIS (ka-rib’-dis): monster in the form of a giant whirlpool, located across from Scylla, ref.
CHIOS (kee’-os): large Aegean island off the coast of Asia Minor, ref.
CHLORIS (kloh’-ris): wife of Neleus, mother of Nestor, ref.
CHROMIUS (kro’-mi-us): son of Neleus and Chloris, brother of Nestor, ref.
CICONES (si-koh’-neez): Trojan allies, living in Thrace, to the north of Troy, ref.
CIMMERIANS (si-mer’-i-unz): people living near the kingdom of the dead, ref.
CIRCE (sir’-see): goddess and enchantress of Aeaea, who changes men to swine, ref. See note ref.
CLASHING ROCKS: legendary and lethal rocks or cliffs, near Scylla and Charybdis, which menace sailors, ref. See note ad loc.
CLITUS (kleye’-tus): son of Mantius, abducted by the Dawn, ref.
CLYMENE (kli’-men-ee): heroine seen by Odysseus in the underworld, ref.
CLYMENUS (kli’-men-us): father of Eurydice, ref.
CLYTEMNESTRA (kleye-tem-nes’-tra): daughter of Leda and Tyndareus, queen of Argos, wife of Agamemnon, lover of Aegisthus, and mother of Orestes, ref. See note ref.
CLYTIUS (kli’-ti-us): father of Piraeus, ref.
CLYTONEUS (kli-to-nee’-us): son of Alcinous and Arete, ref.
CNOSSOS (knos’-os): principal city of Crete, ref.
CREON (kree’-on): king of Thebes, father of Megara, ref.
CRETANS (kree’-tunz): ref, people of CRETE (kreet), the large island south of the Peloponnese in the Aegean, the kingdom of Idomeneus, ref.
CRETHEUS (kree’-thyoos): son of Aeolus (2), husband of Tyro, ref.
CRONUS (kro’-nus): god, son of Uranus, father of Zeus, Hades, Poseidon, Hera, Demeter, ref.
CTESIPPUS (ktee-si’-pus): suitor killed by Philoetius, ref.
CTESIUS (ktee’-si-us): father of Eumaeus, ref.
CTIMENE (k
ti’-me-nee): younger sister of Odysseus, ref.
CYCLOPS (seye’-klops): a cannibal clan of one-eyed giants; also a name for Polyphemus in particular, ref. See note ref.
CYDONIANS (si-doh’-ni-unz): a people of Crete, ref.
CYLLENE (seye-lee’-nee): a mountain in northern Arcadia, the site of Hermes’ birth and sacred to the god, ref.
CYPRUS (seye’-prus): large island in the eastern Mediterranean, ref.
CYTHERA (si-thee’-ra): island off the southeastern coast of the Peloponnese, ref.
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