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Winik, Jay. April 1865: The Month That Saved America. New York: Harper Perennial, 2002.
Wister, Owen. Roosevelt: The Story of a Friendship, 1880–1919. New York: Macmillan, 1930.
Wood, Frederick S. Roosevelt as We Knew Him. Philadelphia: John C. Winston Co., 1927.
Woods, Randall B. LBJ: Architect of American Ambition. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2006.
Wordsworth, William. The Complete Poetical Works of William Wordsworth, Together with a Description of the Country of the Lakes in the North of England, Now First Published with His Works, Henry Reed, ed. Philadelphia: James Kay, Jun. and Brothers, 1837.
Zinsser, William, ed. Extraordinary Lives: The Art and Craft of American Biography. Winter Park, Fla.: American Heritage Press, 1986.
INDEX
A note about the index: The pages referenced in this index refer to the page numbers in the print edition. Clicking on a page number will take you to the ebook location that corresponds to the beginning of that page in the print edition. For a comprehensive list of locations of any word or phrase, use your reading system’s search function.
abolitionism, abolitionists, 17, 19, 103–4, 110–12, 117, 119, 212, 219–20
see also Emancipation Proclamation
Adams, Abigail, xiv
Adams, John Quincy, xiv
adversity:
as agent for growth, 97–207
AL’s growth through, 97–123, 130, 212–13
as crucible for leadership, xiv–xvi, 130–33, 162, 201
FDR’s growth through, 160–81, 274, 276, 280
LBJ’s growth through, 182–207, 326
LBJ’s leadership compromised by, 187–88
transformation through, 116, 123, 127–32, 171–74, 188, 200, 201–2
TR’s growth through, 124–59
Africa, TR’s trips to, 26–27, 353–54
African Americans:
citizenship denied to, 120, 332, 337
civil rights for, see civil rights; civil rights bill
enslaved, see slavery
LBJ’s support of, xvi–xviii, 93, 201–6, 306–43, 350–51
in military, 231–33, 235–38
in NYC police department, 6, 139
voting rights for, 202–4, 331–37
Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), 301
Alger, Russell A., 149–50
Allred, James, 184, 187
ambition:
legacy and, 50, 54–55, 101, 105–6, 197, 199, 200, 227–28, 241
roots and recognition of, 3–94
American Revolution, xvi, 19, 355, 367–68
Anderson, Clinton, 204
Anthracite Coal Strike Commission, 268–69, 272
Antietam, battle of, 147, 220, 227, 232
Army, U.S., 64
in CCC, 295
proposed seizure of coal mines by, 266–87
TR’s volunteer service in, 148–54, 251
Ashmun, George, 366
assassination:
of AL, 345, 366–67
attempted on TR, 354
of JFK, 207, 306–11, 314–15, 327, 337, 338
presidency assumed after, xvi, 52, 159, 207, 243, 252, 306–11, 353
see also specific incidents
Audubon, J. J., 26
Badlands, N. Dak., 127–28, 149, 151, 188, 355
Baer, George, 246–47, 249, 251, 260–63, 268
Baker, Edward, 102
banks:
failures of, 273–76
FDR’s stabilization plans for, 280, 283–93, 302–5
Baruch, Bernard, 359
Bates, Edward, 119–22, 212, 217–19, 224
Benjamin, Walter, 46, 116
Bennis, Warren, 97
Berle, Adolf, 176–77
Bethesda Naval Hospital, 198, 357
“big stick” policy, 155–57
binding arbitration, 270–71
Birdwell, William Sherman, 86
Black Hawk War, 13, 52
Blaine, James G., 126–27
Blair, Montgomery, 217, 219, 222, 224, 226, 227
“Bloody Sunday,” 332–35
Blunt, James G., 238
Boettiger, John, Jr., 44
Booth, John Wilkes, 366–67
Boston, Mass., 51, 52, 62, 104, 111, 232, 263
Brazil, rain forest of, 354, 356
Breckinridge, John, 122
Brooks, Noah, 228
Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, 259
Brown, George, 185, 198
Brown, Herman, 185
Brown, John, 120, 122
Brown and Root Construction Company, 185
Browning, Orville, 100, 232
Brown v. Board of Education, 203
Bruenn, Howard, 357–58
Buchanan, James, xvi, 183, 212, 247, 257
Buchanan, James P., 87
Bundy, McGeorge, 339
Burnside, Ambrose, 228
Butt, Archie, 149
Byrd, Harry, 313–16, 324, 347
Byrnes, Tom, 137–38
Calhoun, John C., 193
Campobello Island, 44, 50, 52, 160–61, 166
Cardozo, Benjamin, 279
Carmody, John, 91–92
Caro, Robert, 75
Carpenter, Francis, 220, 229
Emancipation Proclamation painting of, 216–17, 219, 220
Carter, Cliff, 308
Carter, Ledyard & Milburn, 40–41, 55
cattle ranching, TR’s interlude in, 127–31, 149, 151, 188, 251
ceremonies, purpose of, 336–37
chance, 22, 40–41, 64, 87, 102, 121, 135–36, 153, 158–59, 256
Chanler, Lewis Stuyvesant, 40, 56
Chase, Salmon, 119–22, 212, 217, 219–21, 223–24, 231
Choate, Joseph, 35
Church, Frank, 204
Churchill, Winston, 46, 361, 362
Church of the First Parish, Concord, Mass., xvi
cigar bill, 37–38, 54, 140
circuit court system, 105–8
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), 294–96, 305
civil rights, LBJ’s leadership defined by, xvi–xviii, 306–43, 346, 350–51, 93201–6
Civil Rights Act (1957), 205, 321, 349
Civil Rights Act (1964), passage and signing of, 326, 331–32, 338
Civil Rights Act (1968; Fair Housing Act), 343
civil rights bill (1957), 202–5
LBJ’s three-act strategy for Senate passage of, 203–5
civil rights bill (1964):
LBJ’s focus on passage of, 316–38
LBJ’s speech to Congress on, 333–35
civil rights movement, 203, 320, 322, 325, 326, 327, 331–37
Civil Service Commission, 132–36, 142
Civil Service Law, 133–35
civil service reform, 29, 38, 132–36
Civil War, 27, 143, 147, 205, 238, 265, 338
AL’s leadership defined by, xv–xvi, 211–24, 226–30, 232, 234–42, 290, 343, 363–64
blacks in, 214, 231–33, 235–37
end of, 363–64
onset of, 211, 215, 283
prelude to, 110–11, 120, 193
reconciliation after, 355
Thee’s avoidance of service in, 148–49
Civil Works Administration (CWA), 297–98, 302
Clark, E. E., 269
Clark, Jim, 332
Clay, Henry, 98, 109–10, 123
Cleveland, Grover, 136, 138, 266
Clinton, De Witt, 18, 98, 123
Cohen, Wilbur, 336
Colfax, Schuyler, 364
collective bargaining, 251, 356
collective interest, 234–36, 238–40
com
pensated emancipation, 217
compromise, 59, 110, 203–5, 216, 259, 304, 321, 340
Compromise of 1850, 110–11
Confederate States of America, 211, 214, 228, 336
Congressional Leadership Breakfast, 313
Congress, U.S.:
accomplishments of 89th, 327–38, 349
emergency banking bill passed by, 284–87, 291
Hundred Day (73rd), 287, 291–92, 304
institutional structure of, 188–89, 193
LBJ’s relationship with, 310, 331, 336, 338, 346–47
voting rights bill in, 333–35
war on Spain declared by, 147
Congress of Racial Equality, 317
Conkling, James, 235
Connally, John, 191
Connally, Tom, 83
Constitution, U.S., 19, 322
AL’s research into framers of, 120
presidential powers in, 215–19, 247–48, 257, 259, 265–67, 271–72, 279
presidential succession in, 244
slavery issues in, 17, 103–4, 111, 215, 240–42
Thirteenth Amendment to, 240–41
Cooper, James Fenimore, 25, 48
Copperheads, 232, 234–35
Corcoran, Tommy “the Cork,” 90, 91, 93
corporate trusts, 253–56, 272
Corsair, 267–68
Cotulla, Tex., Mexican American school at, 75–77, 79, 85, 188, 191, 335, 336, 349
court packing, 88, 194
courts, courtrooms, 7, 105–9
cowboys:
in LBJ’s family background, 73, 94, 349
TR’s interlude as, 127–31, 149, 151, 188, 251
Cox, James, 65
Craig, William, 256
Crane, Stephen, 138
Crane, Winthrop, 258, 265, 270, 271
Crawford, Josiah, 7
crisis management, TR’s leadership in, 243–72
Crosby, Arthur, 153
Cuba, 143, 145–54, 251, 306
“Cuff-Links Club,” 67
Cummings, Homer, 282
Curtis, George William, 126
Cutler, Arthur, 28, 32, 125
Daniels, Josephus, 60–61, 64
Davis, David, 108, 232
Davis, Jefferson, 211, 239
Davis, Richard Harding, 138, 153
D-Day invasion, 359–60
Deason, Bill, 83, 86
“Death” (Turgenev), 161–62
debates:
between AL and Douglas, 112–18
AL’s style of, 16–17
teams and societies for, 33, 49, 77–79, 165, 182, 185
decision making:
incremental, 339–41
rehashing of, 346–47
Declaration of Independence, 114–15
Delano, Franklin, 46
Delano, Laura, 358
Democratic Conference, 206
Democratic National Conventions:
of 1920, 65
of 1924, 169–71, 281
of 1932, 179–80
of 1944, 359, 360
of 1960, 205
of 1964, 237
Democratic Party, 11, 14, 15–16, 35, 36, 38, 40–41, 56–60, 65–66, 83, 88, 102, 103, 111, 126, 132, 136, 158, 165, 192, 197, 204–6, 230, 232, 234, 281, 287, 319, 323, 338, 354
conservative, 179, 201–2, 204, 227
progressive, 70, 179
Senate whip and leader roles in, 195–204
slavery issue and split in, 113, 117, 122, 212
southern, 122, 190
Depew, Chauncey, 353–54
depression:
of AL, xv, 97–102, 123, 130, 187–88, 228, 230, 241
of FDR, 167–68
of LBJ, 39, 183, 185–87, 189–90, 198–99, 206–7
of TR, 125–27, 130–31, 142, 158, 188, 355–56
destiny, ambition and sense of, 4–5, 9, 67, 79, 166, 241–42
determination:
of AL, 106–7, 119, 232–34, 239
of FDR, 51, 162–64, 166–71, 281, 302
of LBJ, 82, 182, 187, 188
of TR, 24, 26–31, 36
Dewey, George, 145, 147–48
Dewey, Thomas E., 360
Dickerman, Marion, 169–70, 171, 281
Dies, Martin, 184
Dietrich, Katie, 336
Dirkson, Everett, 323–26, 347
discharge petition, 318–20
Donald, David Herbert, 5
Douglas, Stephen, 110–18, 122, 368
Douglas Democrats, 113, 117
Douglass, Frederick, 230–32, 237–38
Dow, Will, 128
Draper, George, 162–63
Dred Scott decision, 120
Dumper, Arthur, 47–48
Dwight, Theodore, 35
Ealy, Sam, Sr., 72–73, 79, 94, 307, 349
Early, Stephen, 66, 288
economic gap, 244, 251, 256
economy:
Depression era crisis of, 273–75, 278, 303
FDR’s recovery plan for, 280, 283–93, 302–4
infrastructure improvements and, 17–18
Edmunds, George, 126
education:
AL’s support for, 11–12, 19
democracy and, 11–12, 19
federal aid to, 329, 332, 337
LBJ’s progressive goals for, 308–9, 329, 332, 335–37
Eisenhower, Dwight, 203, 204, 308, 320, 350
elections:
of 1848, 103–4
of 1860, 118, 121
of 1912, 354–55
of 1916, 355
of 1920, 65, 180, 356, 357
of 1924, 169–71, 201
of 1928, 174–75, 180
of 1932, 43, 50, 179–81
of 1936, 327
of 1944, 359–61
of 1960, 205
of 1964, 327, 328, 343
of 1968, xv
Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 335–36
emancipation:
AL’s leadership defined by, 211–42, 320, 336
constitutional issues of, 17, 103–4, 111, 215, 240–42
Emancipation Proclamation, 211–42, 265, 279
amended version of, 221–23
diverse cabinet reactions to, 216–31
final version, signing, and issuing of, 227–28, 230–34, 241
first draft of, 213, 216–20
key statement of, 217–18
popular response to, 231–33
restrained language of, 217–18
timing of, 233–34
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, xvi, 116, 232
Engle, Clair, 325
Evans, Cecil, 74–75, 90
executive powers, 215–19, 247–49, 257, 259, 265–67, 271–72, 279, 285–86, 329
failure:
AL’s resilience in, 12–13, 105–6
changing direction after, 213–16, 301–4
of LBJ’s vision, 338–43
TR’s recognition and remedy of, 37, 262, 264–65, 271
Fair Housing Act (Civil Rights Act of 1968), 343
Farley, James, 279
Farmer, James, 317
farmers, farming:
electricity for, 90–93
failures and losses of, 273, 275
in slavery containment metaphor, 114
“fear of fear itself” speech, 277–78
Fechmer, Robert, 295
Federal Arts Project, 297
Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 190, 302
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), 304
Federal Housing Administration (FHA), 302
Federal Reserve, 285
Federal Surplus Relief Association, 301
Federal Theater Project, 297
Federal Trade Commission, 302
federal troops, 252–53, 261, 266–67
feminism, of Eleanor Roosevelt, 165–67, 289
Ferris, Sylvane, 128
filibusters:
as FDR’s personal tactic, 91
in Senate, 2
02, 203, 313, 322–25
fireside chats, 289–93, 301, 305
Fisher, O. C., 189
Ford’s Theatre, 366–67
Forquer, George, 16
Fortas, Abe, 93–94, 311
Fort Hudson, battle of, 238
Fort Sumter, 215
Fox Indians, 13
franchise tax bill, 155–56
Fredericksburg, battle of, 228, 232
Free Soil Party, 117, 212
Fugitive Slave Law, 110–11
fugitive slaves, 17, 104, 110–11
Fulbright, J. William, 341, 343
Garfield, James, assassination of, 134
Garland, Hamlin, 138
Garner, John Nance, 180, 318
Garrison, William Lloyd, 241
Gettysburg, battle of, 238
Glass-Steagall Act, 303
Goldschmidt, Arthur, 93
Goldwater, Barry, 327, 328
Gompers, Samuel, 37–38, 140, 246, 259
Goodwin, Doris Kearns:
LBJ’s relationship with, xvii, 346–52
scholarship on four leaders by, xiii–xv
Gould, Jay, 36
graduated emancipation, 221
Graham, Katharine, 320
Grant, Ulysses S., 238, 364
Great Britain, 35, 220, 228, 359
Eleanor Roosevelt’s education in, 54
FDR’s planned state visit to, 361–62
Great Coal Strike (1902):
crisis management team assembled in, 258–60
negotiation failure in, 258–64, 268
potential perils of, 247–48, 267
public opinion on, 260, 263, 265
roots and onset of, 246–47
successful resolution of, 269–71
TR’s crisis management exemplified in, 243–72, 355
violence in, 252–53, 258, 261, 263
Great Depression, 86, 326
FDR compared to Hoover on, 180–81
FDR’s leadership defined by, xvi–xvii, 177–81, 273–305
LBJ’s political career impeded by, 77
onset of, 177–78
terminal crisis state of, 273–76, 278
Great Society:
derailed by Vietnam War, 330, 338–43
as inclusive, 335, 338
LBJ’s presentation speech for, 328
LBJ’s progressive agenda for, xvii, 326–38, 341
LBJ’s proposal for Vietnam version of, 340–41
signing ceremonies for programs of, 335–37
tenets and goals of, 327, 332, 335–37
Grigsby, Nathaniel, 6
Groton School, 40, 47–52, 61
Gunther, John, 281
Hamlin, Hannibal, 103, 227, 228
Hanks, Sophie, 9
Hanna, Mark, 158, 244, 262
Hardin, John, 102
Harding, George, 224
Harding, Warren, 66, 274, 298
Harrison, Benjamin, 132
Harte, Bret, 34
Harvard, 73
author’s career at, 346–47, 350
FDR’s education at, 40, 49–53, 60, 61, 94
Leadership Page 62