Duclos, Charles Pinot (1704–1772). French novelist and moralist: 1432
Dudone. A character in Tasso’s Gerusalemme liberata: 3149
Duels: 303–304, 2420–25, 3488–89, 4397
Du Fail, Noël (c. 1520–1591). French lawyer and author of collections of tales: 4149
Dufour de Pradt, Dominique (1759–1837). French publicist and diplomat: 3577–78
Du Fresne: see Du Cange
Dugas-Montbel, Jean-Baptiste (1776–1834). French Hellenist, translator of Homer: 4334–36, 4354
Dupaty, Louis-Marie-Charles-Henri-Mercier (1746–1788). French writer, author of Lettres sur l’Italie (1785): 2648
Dupuis, Charles-François (1742–1809). French scientist, writer, and politician, author of Origine de tous les Cultes, ou la Religion Universelle (1795): 4126
Durant, Gilles (1554–1615). French poet: 4146
Duration: see Time
Dureau de la Malle, Jean-Baptiste (1742–1807). French translator of Sallust: 598, 1482–83, 1823
Dürer, Albrecht (1471–1528). German painter and engraver: 190
Dutch (the): see Languages; Literatures; Nations, peoples
Dutens, Louis (1730–1812). French writer, philologist, and numismatist, author of the Recherches sur l’origine des découvertes attribuées aux modernes (1766): 1616, 1623, 1636, 1654–55, 1789–90, 4221
Duty: 249–50, 293–94, 342–43, 356–57, 363–64, 370–71, 399, 1623, 2342–43, 2644, 3599–600
E
Ear (musical): 1782–84
Earthly paradise: see Bible: OLD TESTAMENT: Adam
Ease (also abandon, carefreeness) (see also Diligence/Negligence and Nonchalance): 461–62, 2274–75; LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, AND ART: 9–10, 14, 57, 61, 100, 189–90, 1063–64, 1330, 1670, 1840, 1886, 2171, 3050, 3188, 4074; PLEASURE: 1580–81, 1779, 1792–93, 4074
East (the), peoples of the East: 979, 1126, 1281, 2331–35, 3174, 3513; EXUBERANCE, IMAGINATION, PASSION: 625, 1830–31, 1841, 1859–60, 2006–2007, 2615–16, 3543, 4062–64; LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES: 13, 30, 51–52, 128–29, 154, 189, 928–29, 978, 984, 986–87, 995–96, 1002–1003, 1126, 1211, 1231, 1281–83, 1285–91, 1297–98, 1846–47, 2005–2007, 2172–73, 2404–405, 2415–19, 2500, 2615–16, 2735, 2746–450, 3251–53, 3959; NATURE, CIVILIZATION, BARBARISM: 926–28, 2500, 4047, 4069–70; WISDOM, KNOWLEDGE, RELIGION: 336–37, 637–38, 1469–70, 1848–49, 1859–60, 3201, 4478
East India Company: 950
Eating alone, monophagy: 4183–84, 4248, 4275–76, 4422, 4481–82, 4519
Echo: 52, 1159, 1929
Eclipse: 3434, 4019
Eden: see Bible: OLD TESTAMENT: Adam
Edinburgh Review: 929, 942, 944, 986, 1136
Education: 45, 283–84, 614, 663–66, 1062–65, 1472–73, 1939–40, 3078–79, 3839, 4295; THE UNEDUCATED: 359, 1788–89, 2580, 2951–54
Effects: see Cause(s) and effect(s) (in general)
Effemeridi letterarie di Roma: 2469
Efficacy, effectiveness (linguistic and stylistic): 13, 30, 110, 345, 952, 1009, 1357, 1470–72, 3050; IN SPECIFIC WRITERS: Bartoli: 1314; Homer: 2980–82; Ovid: 12, 21; Verri: 82; Virgil: 2979–80, 3718–19
Egoism: CAUSES AND EFFECTS: 70–71, 104, 125, 294, 1724–25, 4231, 4282–83; CHRISTIANITY: 885, 1685–88, 1824–25, 1882; MODERN SOCIETY: 197, 463–65, 536–38, 607–608, 669–74, 872–911, 930, 1100, 1236, 1305–306, 1648–49, 1842–43, 1913, 2271–73, 2436–41, 3437–38, 4135–36; NATIONS AND POLITICS: 148–49, 160–61, 299–300, 524–25, 570–71, 608–609, 1535, 2292–96, 2677–79; NATURE AND MANIFESTATIONS: 1236, 2153–55, 2206–208, 2387–89, 2630, 2669–70, 2679–80, 3107–109, 3118, 3167–69, 3271–82, 3291–98, 3314–17, 3361–62, 3480–82
Egypt, Egyptians: see Nations, peoples
Elections: 120–21
Electricity: 3645, 4218–19, 4252
Elegance (of language, style, etc.): 189–90, 997, 1226–29, 1845–46, 2012–14, 2304, 2500–23, 2529–44, 3009–17, 3416–19, 4497; BARBARISM: 2500–23; IRREGULARITY, THE UNFAMILIAR: 1312–13, 1322–26, 1332–34, 1336–37, 1456–58, 1481–82, 1806–15, 1916–20, 1925–26, 1937–38, 2639–40, 2836–41, 3428–29, 3863–66, 3866–68, 4066–67; POPULAR LANGUAGE: 2075–76, 2130–32; RELATIVITY, OPINION: 1434–35, 1456–58, 1579–80; SCIENTISTS: 2725–31
Elegy: 1058, 4236
Elephants: see Animals
Elision: 109, 3708, 3724, 1158, 2319–20, 2376–77, 4354, 4427, 4460
Eloquence: AS A GENRE: 1057, 1671; autobiography: 29–30, 60–61; persuasion: 359–60, 1694; poetry: 20, 23–24, 29, 735, 1574–75, 1815, 2160–62; HISTORY AND POLITICS: 121, 161–62, 274–76, 571, 1394, 2478; IN SPECIFIC WRITERS: Bossuet: 217–20, 374; Cicero: 743–45; Leopardi: 1394, 1741–42
Elysium: 3099, 3508, 4208
Emotion, feeling, passion (also sentiment): 60, 64, 68, 70, 78–79, 101, 106–107, 152, 191–92, 223–24, 266–68, 285–87, 1549–50, 1653, 1799, 1932, 2361–62, 2434–36, 2497–98, 2630, 3315–16, 3454, 3500, 4415, 4474, 4513; HABITUATION: 1556–57, 1648–49, 2039–41, 2107–10, 2159–61, 2208–10; HAPPINESS/UNHAPPINESS: 40, 619, 676, 2544–45, 3713–15, 4060–61, 4505–506; HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND ACTIONS: 97–99, 125, 135–36, 254–55, 293–94, 300, 1816–18, 3537, 4058–60; IMAGINATION, INTELLECT: 3244, 3269–71, 3553; MATTER/SPIRIT: 181, 1262, 4251–53; POETRY: 15, 136, 227–28, 650–51, 1448–49, 2544–45, 3477–79, 4234, 4492–93; REASON, KNOWLEDGE, PHILOSOPHY: 78–79, 1858–59, 3237–45, 4221; ROMANTIC(S): 15, 74, 650–51, 4415, 4513; SELF-LOVE: 149–50, 958–59, 4515, 4492–93; SOCIETY, CIVILIZATION: 120–21, 141, 266–68, 650–51, 652–53, 653–54, 1607, 2679–80; SOURCES: 198, 269, 2490–92, 3205, 3918
Empedocles (490s–430s BCE). Pre-Socratic philosopher: 961, 3045, 3046, 3386, 3931, 3965, 3991
Emulation: 148, 151, 659–60, 1842–43, 3778, 3779
Enallage: 25, 502, 2348–49, 4047
Enchiridion (Annulus Aureus): 4463
Encyclopedias, encyclopedic: 233, 273, 1922–23, 4299, 4484, 4486, 4507, 4522
Encyclopédie Méthodique. Designed by Charles-Joseph Panckoucke (1736–1798) as a successor to Diderot’s Encyclopédie, over 200 volumes appeared between 1782 and 1832: 915, 1075, 1123, 1127, 1136, 1169, 1276–77, 1343, 2153, 2186, 2195, 2248, 3067, 3017, 3081, 3724, 4272, 4426
End: see Aim
Enemy: 1083–84, 1640–41, 2759–70, 3115–21, 3139–43, 3152–53, 3157–58, 3167–68, 3365–66, 3794–95, 4519–20
England, the English (see also Languages: ENGLISH and Literatures: ENGLISH): 1033–34, 1043–44, 1257, 3368–72; CUSTOMS AND CHARACTER: 350, 986–87, 1038, 1043–44, 1045–46, 1257, 1417, 1420, 1422, 1670, 1777–78, 1850, 1942, 1956, 2107, 2454, 3318, 3337–38, 3401, 4032, 4183, 4227, 4261–63, 4262; GARDENS: 186–88; GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS: 240, 1044, 2062; constitution: 233, 359; religion: 1242; NORMAN CONQUEST: 1011, 3370; PHILOSOPHY AND SCIENCES: 1136, 1351–52, 1835, 1850, 2616, 3237, 3816; RELATIONS WITH OTHER PEOPLES: 240, 1046, 1941–42; colonies: 889, 1028; war: 1043–44, 1046
Ennius, Quintus (239–169 BCE). One of the earliest Roman poets: 42, 54, 595, 756, 757, 1038, 1808, 2347, 2514, 2739, 2841, 3465, 3706, 4374, 4386, 4417, 4451, 4457
Ennui: see Boredom
Enthusiasm: 85–86, 96–97, 114–115, 152–53, 263–64, 280–81, 1165, 2156–57, 2610; FINE ARTS: 257–59, 714, 3269–71, 4372; TRUTH: 1833, 1975, 3269–71
Envy: 45, 73, 83–84, 204, 302, 494, 1164–65, 1670, 3498, 3778–79; OF GODS: 197–98, 453–55, 2365–66, 2387–89, 2683, 3342, 3638, 4309, 4312, 4410, 4478
Eparque, Antoine (Antonios Eparchos) (1491–1537). Corfiot humanist and bibliophile: 3173
Ephemerality (see also Finite/Infinite): 30–31, 4278; OF CONTEMPORARY PRINT CULTURE: 3437–38, 4268–71; OF GLORY: 1532; OF MORAL AND PHYSICAL CIRCUMSTANCES: 96–97, 214, 1370, 1420–21, 1581, 1650, 1719, 1975, 1905–906, 1999, 2161, 3332, 4167
Ephemerals (insects): see Animals
Epic, epic poetry: see Poetry, Poets: BY GENRE
Epicharmus (c. late six
th century BCE). Greek comic poet, born in Kos, lived in Sicily: 3491, 4392–93
Epictetus (c. 50–c. 120 CE). Stoic philosopher: 65, 4143–45, 4157, 4163, 4246–47, 4308
Epicureans, Epicureanism: 42, 316–18, 536–38, 4273, 4379
Epicurus (341–271 BCE). Greek philosopher: 317, 331, 4299, 4379
Epiphanius of Salamis, St. (310s–403 CE). Bishop of Constantia, best known for his antiheretical works, but not the author of the Physiologus: 2826
Epitaphios (oration attributed to Demosthenes): 1037, 2626
Equality/Inequality: 8, 523–25, 975, 4275; ANCIENTS AND MODERNS: 104, 147, 148, 151; NATIONS, PEOPLES, GOVERNMENTS: 148, 566–69, 911–23, 1016, 1037; SOCIETY: 1174, 3778–86, 3806–10
Erasmus, Desiderius (Erasmus of Rotterdam) (1469–1536). Dutch humanist, theologian, and classical scholar: 991
Eratosthenes (280s/270s–c. 194 BCE). Greek geographer, astronomer, and mathematician, librarian at Alexandria: 4151
Ercilla y Zúñiga, Alonso de (1533–1594). Spanish poet, author of La Araucana, a historical poem set in Chile: 3132
Erechtheus. Mythical archaic king of Athens: 4371
Eridanus (a constellation): 4151
Erminia. A character in Tasso’s Gerusalemme Liberata: 5, 3148
Ernesti, Johann August (1707–1781). German philologist and theologian: 4435
Error (see also Illusion): 4502; HAPPINESS: 3761, 3954–55; NATURE, SOCIETY, CIVILIZATION: 331–33, 420–23, 926–28, 4135–36; POPULAR ERRORS (see also Saggio sopra gli errori popolari degli antichi): 4477–78, 4484; REASON, PHILOSOPHY: 1771–74, 2705–15, 4135–36, 4192–93
Erudition: 2, 3, 211, 231, 996–98, 1741, 2540, 4296–97, 4507
Eskimos: see Nations, peoples
Essai sur l’indifférence en matière de religion. See Lamennais
Esteem/Contempt (see also Praise): 121–22, 255–56, 296, 461, 4471; MEN AND WOMEN: 1083, 1431–32, 2258, 4144; SELF-ESTEEM: 70–71, 116–17, 134, 669–70, 960, 1568, 2923, 3481–82, 4037–40, 4062, 4261–63, 4283, 4285, 4438–39, 4488–89, 4492–93, 4493–94, 4499, 4515; SOCIETY AND RELATIONSHIPS: 197–98, 263–64, 273–74, 507–508, 669–74, 2271–73, 3183–91, 3545–46, 3720–22, 4037–40, 4294–95, 4354, 4501
Estienne, Henri (1531–1598). French humanist, printer, and editor: 2800, 4398, 4436, 4470
Estienne, Robert (1503–1559). Parisian editor of Alamanni’s Coltivazione: 2461
Eternity: 2451, 3027, 3435–40, 4130, 4133–34, 4181–82, 4274–75, 4298; ANCIENTS AND MODERNS: 340, 3435–40, 4268–69; ETHICS: 1638–41, 1711–13, 2263–64; PLATO’S IDEAS: 1712–13; THEORY OF PLEASURE: 165–66, 2602, 2883–84; THE WORD “ETERNAL”: 1930, 4118
Ethics: see Morals, morality
Ethiopia, Ethiopians: see Nations, peoples
Etna: 4209
Etruria, Etruscans: see Nations, peoples
Etymology: 95, 1132–34, 1263–1283, 1505–506, 1702–704, 2306–12, 4291–92
Etymologicum Magnum: 2139, 2789, 2825
Eucharist: 1627
Euclides (fifth century BCE). Archon (chief magistrate) of Athens: 4392
Eudoxus of Rhodes (third century BCE). Greek historian: 4125
Eumelus of the Bacchiadae of Corinth (second half eighth century BCE). Greek epic poet: 4393
Eumenius (third century CE). Gallo-Roman panegyrist and teacher of rhetoric at Augustodunum (Autun): 991
Eunapius (fourth century CE). Greek sophist and historian: 4200
Euphrates. River in western Asia: 1000
Eupolis Comicus (d. after 415 BCE). One of the trio of famous Athenian writers of Old Comedy: 4140
Euripides (c. 480–406 BCE). Greek tragic poet: 675, 811, 2671, 3043, 4011, 4156, 4158–4159, 4167
Europe, Europeans: 1245, 2331–35, 2694–700, 3579–82, 4109–10, 4125, 4297, 4342–4343; ARTS AND LITERATURE: 128–29, 154–55, 239–45, 699–700, 841, 990–91, 1045–46, 1057–58, 1409–10, 1671–73, 2057–59, 2734–35, 2976–77, 3126–32, 3146–3147, 3210–3216, 3318–22, 3336–38, 3400–401, 3465–66, 3471–72, 3581, 3816–17, 4413, 4475–77; CIVILIZATION, CHARACTER, AND CUSTOMS: 154–55, 720–21, 866–67, 874–77, 896, 1077–78, 1100–101, 1513–18, 2064–65, 2106–107, 2501–502, 2609–10, 2914–16, 3366–72, 3659–63, 3665–66, 3893, 4044–4045, 4048, 4120–21, 4261–63, 4185–88, 4289–90, 4475–77; northern and southern peoples: 620–25, 866–67, 931–32, 986–87, 1026–27, 1043–44, 1045–46, 1351–52, 1409, 1830–31, 1846–60, 2989–91, 3247–53, 3347–49, 3394–96, 3400–401, 3676–82, 4031–33, 4144, 4172–73, 4256; relations with other peoples: 720–21, 955–956, 3126–32, 3146–3147, 3173–77, 3210–3216, 3579–82, 3659–60, 3833–34, 3893, 3957–58, 4341; LANGUAGES (INTERRELATIONS): 109–11, 217–18, 239–45, 737–38, 760–66, 794–800, 841, 852–54, 932–33, 966, 990, 1001, 1011–12, 1038–39, 1045–46, 1213–29, 1231, 1231–32, 1233, 1238–39, 1296–97, 1409–10, 1427–29, 1513–15, 1683–84, 1843–45, 1894–95, 1962–65, 1985–87, 2007–2009, 2057–59, 2064–65, 2609–10, 2686–87, 2691, 2695, 2694–700, 2747, 2750, 2870–76, 2914–16, 2989–91, 3018, 3066–70, 3247–53, 3318–22, 3336–38, 3366–72, 3371–72, 3471–72, 3672–73, 3389–90, 4102; PHILOSOPHY AND SCIENCE: 128–29, 584–85, 1213–30, 1229–30, 1231, 1231–32, 1233, 1238–39, 1468–69, 1850–51, 3192–96; POLITICS: 576, 874–77, 896, 925, 1043–44, 1077–78, 1100–101, 2064–65, 2331–35, 3173–77, 3780–81, 3816–17, 3859, 3887–89
Euryalus. Trojan warrior whose friendship with Nisus, depicted in the Aeneid, became legendary: 17, 456, 1840–41, 3144
Eusebius (c. 260–c. 340 CE). Greek Christian writer, bishop of Caesarea in Palestine: 96, 961, 1482, 2012, 2734, 3588, 4011, 4194, 4401
Eustathius (c. 1100–1198). Native of Constantinople, archbishop of Thessaloniki, known for his commentaries on Homer: 2792, 2825, 4155, 4158–59, 4464
Eutropius (fourth century CE). Latin historian, author of the Breviarium: 988, 4440
Eutychius (or Sa’id ibn Batriq [Bitriq]) (877–940). Patriarch of Alexandria, one of the first Arab Christian writers and the author of the Origines ecclesiae Alexandrinae: 1000
Eve. Biblical figure: 398
Evil: see Ill
Exactitude: see Precision
Exception (see also Extraordinary, the and Regularity): 143–44, 365–66, 1436–37, 1863–64, 1866–71, 1939–40, 2523–24, 4525–26; LANGUAGES: 1300–301, 2593–94
Excess: 90, 714–17, 1176–79, 1260, 1337, 1474, 1653–54, 1776–77, 1982, 1986, 2015–16, 2032–33, 2051, 2056, 2274–75, 2391, 2478, 2657, 3058, 3906, 3950–51, 4026, 4512
Executions (public): 239
Exempla elocutionum. Treatise of the fourth century CE by Arusianus Messius, attributed to Fronto: 755
Exercise: 115, 223, 262, 453, 628, 661, 678, 1371, 1452, 1541–42, 1610–11, 1632–33, 1633–34, 1717, 1726, 1762, 2049, 2204, 2228–29, 2585–87, 3197–3206, 3345
Exile, banishment: 123, 153, 1079, 1361–62
Existence: 40, 51, 56, 72, 181–82, 626–27, 1613–15, 1616, 1911, 2381–84, 3498–99, 3846–48, 4233. THE SYSTEM OF NATURE AND THE UNIVERSE: 365–66, 2499, 2551, 2936–38, 3381–82, 3783–84, 3813–15, 3927, 3930, 3936–37, 4043, 4099–101, 4128–29, 4133–34, 4169, 4174–77, 4177–78
Experience: 222, 255–56; AT DIFFERENT AGES: 530–32, 636, 1387, 1437, 1473, 1681–82, 1871, 1939–40, 3520–25, 3908, 4138, 4253–54; EFFECTS ON INDIVIDUALS: 446–51, 1586–88, 2032–33, 2039–41, 2451, 3545–46, 3720–22, 4064–65; KNOWLEDGE, MEMORY: 417–18, 443–45, 1006, 1465, 1508–509, 1661–62, 1838; SENSATIONS, SENSES: 1186–99, 1339–41, 1676
Extraordinary, the (see also Exception and Regularity and Unfamiliarity): 14, 123, 212, 269, 1735–36, 1774, 1903, 2037, 2045–46, 2217–19; FINE ARTS, LANGUAGE, LITERATURE: 1322–26, 1336–37, 1481–82, 1915–16, 1937, 2075–76, 3483–85; GRACE: 201, 452–53, 1322–26, 1327–28, 1336–37, 1575–76, 1880, 1937, 1982, 2454, 2546, 2831–34, 3178, 3961, 4293; men/women: 1083, 1326–27, 1522, 1552, 1658, 1774, OF PEOPLE: 224–25, 1533, 3447
–48; PLEASURE, BOREDOM, MONOTONY: 23, 89–90, 173, 239, 1684, 1915–16, 1999
Eyes: 8, 1576–79, 1881–82, 2102–103, 2546–49, 4085
Ezra. Biblical figure, scribe and priest, artisan of the Jewish restoration of the fifth century: 1444
F
Faber, Junius (1783–1835). Pseudonym of Baron Andreas Adolph von Merian, German linguist: 4373
Faber Tanaquillus: see Le Fèvre, Tanneguy
Fables: 1, 49, 67, 3462–65, 4152–53, 4193–94, 4209–10, 4213, 4224, 4225–26, 4264–65, 4311–12, 4330, 4351, 4368–69, 4370–72, 4444–45, 4459
Fabricius, Johann Albert (1668–1736). German philologist, compiler of the Bibliotheca Latina (1697, revised by Ernesti in 1773) and of the Bibliotheca Graeca (1705–1728): 34, 107, 325, 723–24, 961, 962, 988–89, 991–92, 999–1001, 1015–16, 1020–21, 1139, 2165, 2623, 2793, 2796, 2800, 2811, 2825, 3042, 3045, 3106, 3132, 3173, 3190, 3236, 3245, 3421, 3469, 3485, 3544, 3931, 3982, 3992, 4133, 4431, 4435, 4470, 4481, 4483
Fabricius Luscinus, Gaius (third century BCE). Roman Consul: 568, 2245
Facciolati, Jacopo (1682–1769). Paduan philologist, teacher of Forcellini: 1085
Face: see Physiognomy
Facius, Johann Friedrich (1750–1825). Classical scholar, editor of Pausanias: 4155
Factions: see Parties
Faculties: see Disposition(s)
Faenza: see Cities
Failings: see Defects
Failure: see Success
Falseness: 18, 109, 332, 351–52, 664, 735, 1328, 1437, 1617, 1632, 1643, 1645, 1713, 1839, 2627, 3243
Falster, Christian (also known as Falsterus) (1690–1752). Danish poet and scholar: 2825
Fame: see Glory
Family: 249–50, 923, 1755–57, 2671, 4104, 4226–27, 4445
Familiarity (in language and writing): 70, 1808–15, 1827–28, 1918–19, 2129, 2130–32, 2542–44, 2639–40, 2836–41, 2838–40, 3016–17, 3062–63, 3414–16, 3566, 3626–28, 4066–67, 4483
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