Portrait of A Novel
Page 46
Odyssey (Homer), 231
Oliphant, Margaret, 194, 214
American literature criticized by, 244
The Portrait of a Lady reviewed by, 241, 331
���On Some Omissions of Introspective Psychology” (William James), 235
Order of Merit, 324
Osmond, Gilbert (char.), 124–25, 149, 151, 174–75, 196, 207, 222, 268, 315–16
declaration by, 157–59, 218, 272, 329
as exemplary expatriate, 124, 163
Isabel Archer’s fascination with, 134–37, 155–59, 162–64, 276, 311, 328, 329
Isabel Archer’s marriage to, 136, 159–61, 164, 166, 214, 221, 222–38, 271–77, 303–4
limitations placed on Isabel Archer by, 162–64, 225, 230–31, 232–33, 234, 238, 269, 273, 274–75, 313, 325, 326
Lord Warburton–Pansy Osmond courtship sought by, 229, 230, 237, 271–72, 274
Madame Merle’s relationship with, 139–40, 224, 227, 228, 268, 272–77, 303–4
mutual dislike of Ralph Touchett and, 126, 134, 156, 162–63, 164, 223, 228, 238, 316
as nonentity, 163
objections to, 136, 155–56, 162–64, 223
taste as defining characteristic of, 133–39, 156–57, 163–64, 225–26, 233, 238, 273
Osmond, Pansy (char.), 124, 133, 134, 135, 158, 159, 196, 218, 222–24, 228–29, 278–79, 314, 315–16
identity of mother of, 275–77
Isabel Archer’s promise to, 279, 313, 333
Othello (Shakespeare), 194
Oxford, 180
Oxford University, 50, 54
“Ozymandias” (Shelley), 153
Pakenham, General, 45
Palazzo Antici-Mattei, 225–26
Palazzo Barbaro, 169, 182, 188
Palazzo Pitti, 121
Paradise Lost (Milton), xix, 277, 326
Paris, 27, 41, 91, 121, 125, 161, 170, 189, 262, 305
Americans resident in, 146, 165–66, 169
artists in, 147
HJ in, 28, 34, 37, 42, 78, 92, 165, 197, 258
HJ’s decision to depart from, 95–97
Ivan Turgenev in, 38–40
Paris Commune, 197–98
Parkman, Francis, 53
Parsifal, 94
Pater, Walter, 138
Pemble, John, 146
Pensione Wildner, 168
Pepino, 92–93
Père Goriot (Balzac), 52, 98
Perry, Oliver Hazard, 17
Perry, Thomas Sergeant, 17, 20
HJ’s letters to, 27, 31
Persse, Jocelyn, 89
Pevsner, Nikolaus, 48
Phineas Finn (Trollope), 220
Picture of Dorian Grey, The (Wilde), 200
Pierce, Franklin, 32
Pinero, Arthur Wing, 289
Pinker, J. B., 323
New York Edition and, xii–xiv, xvi, xxii, 47, 307–8
plot:
HJ’s view of, 25, 40, 66, 244, 245
modernist suspicion of, 248–49
in Victorian novels, 25
Pluralistic Universe, A (William James), 320
Plymouth, 45
Poe, Edgar Allan, 29
“Political Somnambulism” (Seeley), 210
Ponte Vecchio, 121
Porta Romano, 121–22
Portrait of a Lady (Homer), 191
Portrait of a Lady, The (Henry James), xx, 1, 34, 57, 77, 80, 93, 98, 101, 138, 173, 198, 260, 267, 284
ambition behind, 43
American life and identity in, 53–54
artists absent in, 148–49
as breakthrough moment in HJ’s style, 235–36
as bridge between British and American novels, xvi–xvii
as bridge between Victorian and modernist novels, xvi–xvii, xviii, 218, 220–21, 237–38, 300, 330
categorical imperative in, 314–15
characterization in, 66, 295
chronology of, 232–38
concurrent serial publication of, 44, 211–13
consciousness depicted in, 295
Constance Fenimore Woolson on, 175, 243, 284
early version of, 43, 72
Edith Wharton’s echoes of, 207
ending of, xvi, 6, 65, 242, 330–34
expatriates as parasites in, 124–25
Florence as site for writing of, 121, 128
form of, 66
George Eliot’s influence on, xxiv, 69–70
HJ’s preface to, xvi, xxiii–xxiv, 4–5, 75, 116, 171, 235, 334
HJ’s proofreading of book edition, 240–41
HJ’s reputation and, 131, 169, 284–85
in medias res opening of, 7
language of architecture in, 50–51
Library of America edition of, xix
loss of innocence in, 277–78
march of action in, 294
Minny Temple and, 27, 46–50
notes for, 293
plot in, 273–77
publication in book form of, 239–41, 280, 305, 318
reviews of, 7–8, 241–43
revisions of, xv, xvi, xix, xxiii, 8, 110, 111, 132, 136, 155–59, 237–38, 240–41, 309–17, 327–28, 330–32
Rome in, 152
sales of, 239–40
scenery in, 142
scene shift to Italy in, 124
sense of leisure in, 5–6
sequel to, 333
serialization of, xviii, xix, 24, 49, 60, 71, 101, 103, 104, 130, 166, 173, 174, 208–15, 217–21, 257
sexuality in, xvi, 237–38, 277, 326–30, 333
style of, 7–8
time gaps in, 159–61, 222–23
two-character scenes in, 106
Villa Castellani in, 123, 124
writing of, xvii, xviii, xxiv, 4, 45, 92, 103–4, 166, 208, 214, 264, 267, 297
see also specific characters
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, A (Joyce), 10
Posillipo, 92, 94
Powers, Hiram, 126, 149
pragmatism, 32, 105, 320
Pragmatism (William James), 320
Prelude, The (Wordsworth), 153
Pride and Prejudice (Austen), 5
Principles of Psychology, The (William James), 102, 115–16, 234–35
Private Life of Henry James, A (Gordon), 29, 315
Problem in Greek Ethics, A (Symonds), 84, 170
Problem in Modern Ethics, A (Symonds), 84, 170
“Professions for Women” (Woolf), 253
progressive humanism, 209
proposal scenes, 72–76
Protestants, in Rome, 146
Proust, Marcel, 231, 251, 330
publishing:
British, 252–53
in U.S. vs. UK, 239–41
Quarterly Review, 244
Queensberry, Marquess of, 83
Radcliffe, Anne, 112
Radcliffe College, 282
“Realism Wars,” 246
realist fiction, 25–26, 314
Red and the Black, The (Stendahl), 98
Reef, The (Wharton), 330
Reform Club, 79, 102, 296
regionalism, 246
Rhode Island, 19
Rhode Island Board of Enrolment, 19
Richardson, H. H., 258
Risorgimento, 150
Robinson, Hyacinth (char.), 98, 100
“Rodman the Keeper” (Woolson), 129
romances, 36, 69
“Roman Fever” (Wharton), 206
Rome, xviii, 59, 88, 119, 134, 141, 155, 159
&n
bsp; artists in, 147
Carnival in, 152–53
Constance Fenimore Woolson’s burial in, 183, 188
as crossroads, 142–43
expatriates in, 138, 142, 145, 149–50, 166, 167, 226, 319
HJ in, 127, 141–42, 143–44, 151–54, 166, 172, 173, 175, 297
HJ’s imprint for later visitors on, 143–44
Isabel Archer in, 141–43, 149, 150, 174, 222, 225–26, 269–70, 271, 312, 325, 327–34
Michael Gorra in, 152, 188
Nathaniel Hawthorne in, 143, 145, 147, 152, 205
Protestant Cemetery in, 188, 205
Romola (Eliot), 57–58
Roosevelt, Theodore, 79
Rose, Charles, 47–50
Rose, Charlotte Temple, 49
Rose, Sir John, 49
Rosebery, Lord, 104, 165
Rosier, Edward (char.), 125, 222–25, 228–29, 232, 274
Russia, 38, 315
Ruth (Gaskell), 195
Rye, xii, xxi, xxiv, 79, 81, 88, 90, 177, 296, 298, 309, 320, 322
Sainte-Beuve, Charles-Augustin, 20
Saint-Gaudens, Augustus, 18
St. James’s Theater, 289–91
Samoa, 286
Sand, George, 192, 198
San Diego, Calif., 308
San Francisco earthquake, xxii
San Remo, 166
Sargent, John Singer, xx, 100, 125, 146, 169–71, 224, 289, 322, 334
Savannah, Ga., xx
Scandinavia, theater in, 288
Scarlet Letter, The (Hawthorne), xx, 36
Scenes of Clerical Life (Eliot), 59
Schubert, Franz, 111
Scott, Sir Walter, 196, 240
Scribner, xvi, xxiii, 241, 307–8, 318–19
Scribner’s, 43, 104
Scudder, Horace, 241–42
Second Mrs. Tanqueray (Pinero), 289
Secret Agent, The (Conrad), 253
Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky, 187
Seeley, J. R., 210
“Self-Reliance” (Emerson), 52, 114–15, 252
sentimental fiction, 25
Serao, Matilde, 90
sexuality:
in Anglo-American literature, 253
in The Awkward Age, 90, 204, 294
in The Bostonians, 282
in French novels, 193–96, 201–4, 244, 252, 253
in HJ’s works, 90, 196, 199, 303–4
in literature, 90, 198–203
in The Portrait of a Lady, xvi, 234–36, 237–38, 277, 326–30, 333
Shakespeare, William, 194, 269, 288
Shaw, George Bernard, 288, 290, 292
Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft, 178
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 153, 178, 188, 226
Sicily, 226
Sidney, Sir Philip, 74
Siena, 94, 126
“Silly Novels by Lady Novelists” (Eliot), 66–67
Silsbee (sea captain), 178
slavery, 251
Son of the Soil, A (Oliphant), 214
Sons and Lovers, 253
Spectator, 220, 231, 242
Spencer, James, 61
Sportsman’s Sketches (Turgenev), 39, 315
Stabilimento Chitarin, 168
Stackpole, Henrietta (char.), 52–54, 66, 70, 72, 100, 105–7, 131, 135, 136, 141, 220–21, 227, 268, 269, 270, 275, 313, 314, 325
Stanford University, xxii
Stendahl, 98
Stephen, James Fitzjames, 193–94
Stephen, Leslie Kenneth, 194
Stevenson, Robert Louis, 100, 245, 248, 252, 286
Stockton, Frank, 243
Stoddard, Elizabeth, 25
Stonehenge, 176
Story, William Wetmore, 125, 142, 146–47, 149–50, 188, 317
“Story of a Year, The” (Henry James), 23
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 25, 209
stream of consciousness, 230, 234–36
Strether, Lambert (char.), 91, 180, 303–5
Strindberg, August, 288
Strutt, Arthur, 147
Sturgis, Howard, 50, 298
Sturgis, Russell, 49–50
sublime, Kantian, 159
Sumner, Charles, 148
Swedenborg, Emmanuel, 14
Swinburne, Algernon Charles, 197
Switzerland, 28, 161, 208
Symonds, John Addington, 83–86, 169–70, 181, 188
Syracuse, N.Y., 14
Tale of Two Cities, A (Dickens), 216
Taylor, Bayard, 146
Temple, Catherine James, 49
Temple, Mary (Minny), 21–22, 108, 123, 315, 321
illness and death of, 27–29, 30, 46, 47, 260, 264
as original of Isabel Archer, 27, 46–50
Temple, Robert, 49
Tess of the D’Urbervilles (Hardy), 195
Thackeray, William Makepeace, 63, 99, 215, 234, 242, 244, 245, 247
theater:
in France, 287
HJ and, 170, 181, 286–92, 293, 294
as popular art, 288
in Scandinavia, 288
Time and Tide, 88
Tintoretto, 64, 137, 182
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 53, 307
Todorov, Tzvetan, 86, 159, 184
Tóibín, Colm, 91
Tolstoy, Leo, 113, 160, 252, 271, 303, 332
Torquay, 296
To the Lighthouse (Woolf), 236
Touchett, Daniel (char.), 3–4, 5–6, 49–50, 70, 73–74, 124, 125, 325
death of, 107–9, 111–12, 124, 134, 218, 241, 316–17
Touchett, Mrs. (char.), 4, 7–9, 46, 51–53, 69, 71, 73, 111, 114, 125, 134, 136, 159, 227, 260, 314
Touchett, Ralph (char.), 4, 6, 9–10, 46, 48, 50–51, 54, 70, 71, 107–8, 135, 136, 141, 142, 214, 221, 230, 321
death and funeral of, 324–26, 333
illness of, 3, 19, 27–28, 88, 124, 162, 166, 226–27, 238, 274–75, 313, 329
Isabel Archer as means to fulfill desires of, 67, 110–11, 162–64, 315–17
Isabel Archer’s inheritance and, 109–11, 162, 279, 316–17
lack of occupation of, 19, 78, 124
mutual dislike between Gilbert Osmond and, 134, 136, 156, 162–63, 164, 223, 228, 238, 316
Townsend, Morris (char.), 70
transcendentalism, 17, 265
“Transcendentalist, The” (Emerson), 114
Treacherous Years, The (Edel), 289
Treasure Island (Stevenson), 245, 248
Trilling, Lionel, 98
Trollope, Anthony, 61, 160, 219–20, 234, 245, 246
death of, 264, 267
HJ’s critique of, 265
Turgenev, Ivan, 38–39, 68, 91, 92, 96, 165, 197–98, 250, 315
characters of, xxiv, 39–40, 248
death of, 200, 249, 264
HJ on, 58, 200, 265–66
Turin, 42
Turner, J. M. W., 102
Twain, Mark, xix, 33, 36, 143, 210, 239
Tweed, William Marcy “Boss,” 34
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 25
Under Western Eyes (Conrad), 218
Union College, 14
United States, 304
business worshipped in, 15, 34
changes in, 306–7
divorce in, 273
estrangement of youth from, 31
exceptionalism of, 36, 114–15, 278
Gilded Age of, 33–34, 72, 251, 259, 306
history of, 36
HJ on life and identity of, 31, 32, 33, 34–37, 41–42, 53–54
HJ’s returns to, xv, xvii, 34, 80, 257–64, 305–8, 3
20–21
HJ’s works pirated in, 42
isolation of, 32
James family isolated from, 15–16
as novelists’ subject, 24
novel of manners in, 26
optimism in, 315
past and future in, 149–50
plutocracy of, 306
pragmatism in, 32
relationship of Europe to, 114–15, 126, 278, 305
writing about, 129
Urban VII, Pope, 144–45
utilitarianism, 315
Valéry, Paul, 88
Vanderbilt, Consuelo, 109
vaporettos, 167
Vargas Llosa, Mario, 250–51
Varieties of Religious Experience, The (William James), 13, 260, 320
Venetian Life (Howells), 23
Venice, 23, 60, 84, 85, 91, 126, 141
The Aspern Papers set in, 178–79
Constance Fenimore Woolson in, 181–82, 185
expatriates in, 167, 168–69
HJ in, xviii, xxiv, 28, 78, 127, 166–73, 174, 183–85, 187, 208, 214, 258
Michael Gorra in, 188
tourism in, 167, 188
The Wings of the Dove set in, 187
Verver, Maggie (char.), 90, 109, 237, 301–5, 327, 330
Viardot, Pauline, 39
Victoria, Crown-Princess of Prussia, 128
Victoria, Queen of England, 128, 194
Victorian novels:
business of, 203
decline of, 245–46
HJ’s critique of, 64, 74, 265
limits on autonomy in, 278
as “loose baggy monsters,” 64
marriage plots in, 68–69
multiple plots in, 25, 63–64, 215–17
The Portrait of a Lady and, xvi–xvii, xviii, 140
self-censorship in, 74, 157
serialization of, 208–21
sexuality in, 195–96
three-volume, 240, 241, 252–53
Villa Brichieri-Colombi, 176–78
Villa Castellani, 122–24
Villette (Brontë), 131, 241
Virgil, 231
Virginian, The (Wister), 148
Viztelly, Henry, 203, 252
Wagner, Cosima, 92–93
Wagner, Richard, 44, 92–94, 95, 130
Walpole, Hugh, 89, 298
Walsh, Catherine, 33
Warburton, Lord (char.), 3–4, 6–7, 10, 51, 133, 142–43, 148, 155–56, 163, 164, 268, 325–26, 328
Isabel Archer’s rejection of, 66, 70–76, 106–7, 113, 136, 156–57, 218, 228, 329
Pansy Osmond courted by, 226–30, 274
War of 1812, 17
Washington, D.C., 40, 85, 212, 259, 290, 323
Weisbuch, Robert, 35
Wells, H. G., xxii, 289