Brown, C. Mackenzie 124, 137, 351nn99–102, 355n196
Brown, Peter 321n25, 322n35, 323n38
Bryant, Edwin F. 327n81, 328n82, 344n78
Brzezinski, Jan 328n91, 329n98, 329n102, 380n172
Buddha: as līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 60–61, 64, 336n99; as one of daśa-avatāras 53fig2, 60–61
Buddhist traditions 11, 374n78
Buitenen, J. A. B. van 126, 351nn118–119
Burton, John W. 321n23
Busse, Kendall 324n44
Butler, Judith 10, 322n30, 322n33, 323n41, 343n72
Bynum, Caroline Walker 321n26, 322n32, 322nn34–35, 323n39, 323n41
Cabezón, José Ignacio 323n38, 323n41, 324n43, 324n48
Caitanya: golden complexion of 66, 73, 190, 197, 233, 337n117; and Govardhana śilās/stones 4, 231, 248, 379n157; as Kṛṣṇa and Rādhā together in a single body 73, 190, 193–194, 197, 338n130; līlā of 140, 193, 356n217; and Mount Govardhana 3, 231, 248, 320n8, 379n158; nāma-saṃkīrtana performance at Jagannātha temple 192–196, 370nn165–166; pilgrimage to South India 191, 257; pilgrimage to Vraja 230–233; and sāttvika-bhāvas 197; and social body of bhakta-saṅgha 184–185, 190, 192–196; and Vana-Yātrā 230; as yuga-avatāra of Kali Yuga 66–67, 73, 189–190, 193–194, 195, 196, 197, 232, 233
Caitanya Bhāgavata (Vṛndāvana Dāsa) 140, 356n214, 356n217, 356n219
Caitanya Caritāmṛta (Kṛṣṇadāsa Kavirāja) 26, 28, 31, 40, 41, 42, 46, 48, 50, 66, 84, 140, 153, 176, 179, 185, 189, 193, 195, 230, 232, 233, 235, 248, 256, 257, 318, 328n89, 329n93, 329n103, 330n3, 332n32, 332n37, 332n43, 333n47, 333nn52–53, 334n56, 334n58, 334n68, 334–335n70, 335n79, 335n83, 335nn85–86, 337n120, 337–338n123, 338n129, 341n39, 342nn44–45, 343n63, 356n217, 356n219, 357n222, 359n268, 360n299, 366n78, 368n120, 368n127, 369n140, 369n145, 369n147, 370n153, 370n156, 370n162, 370nn165–166, 379n151, 379n157, 380n170
cakras (energy centers) 13, 19, 55, 220, 253, 287
Camporesi, Piero 322n35
cardinal directions 54–55, 71, 193, 194, 219, 220–221, 225–226, 240–241, 258, 260
Carman, John B. 338n132, 338n134
Carney, Gerald T. 379n154
Carpenter, David 345–346n14
Case, Margaret H. 320nn13–14, 320n17, 379n167, 380n169
castes 19, 94–95, 173, 185, 190, 311–312, 346–347n22; see also outcastes; varṇas
Catuḥsana or four Kumāras 133–134, 135–136, 139; as āveśa-avatāra 53fig2, 67; as āveśa līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 64, 67; invested with jñāna-śakti 67; as līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 64, 67, 336n99
Chāndogya Upaniṣad 146, 166, 351n116
Chapple, Christopher 344n78
Chilcott, Travis 332n37, 360n299
Chinese traditions 323n35, 323n37
Christian traditions 112, 322nn34–35, 323n41
Cīra Ghat 221, 232
Cixous, Hélène 10, 308, 322n29
Clément, Catherine 322n29
Coakley, Sarah 322nn34–35
Coburn, Thomas B. 124, 148, 345n10, 349n64, 350n88, 351n98, 359n263
Coleman, Tracy 319n1, 325n67
Cooey, Paula M. 323n41
Coomaraswamy, A. 364n44
Corcoran, Maura 200, 201, 319n3, 339n141, 371n2, 371n5, 371n7
cosmography: in Bṛhadbrahma Saṃhitā 218, 226–228; cosmographic maṇḍala 217, 218, 219, 224–228, 272, 275, 276, 282–283, 302, 388n16; in Gauḍīya texts 48–49, 70–71, 229, 245, 250, 253, 256–260, 282–283, 296–298, 302, 309–311, 314–315, 379n151, 385n273; in Padma Purāṇa 48, 217, 218, 219, 224–228, 272, 275, 276, 282–283; in Vṛndāvana Māhātmya of Padma Purāṇa 217, 218, 219, 224–228, 272, 275, 276; see also Brahmā-universes or Brahmā-eggs; fourteen worlds; lotus-maṇḍala; three worlds
cosmos bodies: and ascetic bodies 18; and bodies of jīvas/beings 57, 68, 312; and devotional bodies 20; and divine bodies 15–16, 17–18, 19–20, 32, 57, 58, 68, 69–70, 298–299, 303–304, 312, 325n61; and human bodies 15–16, 17, 18, 19–20, 312, 325n61; as innumerable 20, 32, 57, 69, 70, 298, 304, 310; as integral bodies 15–16, 17–20, 325n61; and purity bodies 19; and ritual bodies 17–18, 325n61; and social bodies 15–16, 17, 18, 325n61; and tantric bodies 19–20; as universes or Brahmā-universes 16, 17–18, 20, 32, 57, 69–70, 298, 310; see also Brahmā-universes or Brahmā-eggs
Couture, André 325–326n72
Coward, Harold G. 365n51
cowherds: see gopas
cowmaidens: see gopīs; Rādhā
cows: as companions of Kṛṣṇa in Vraja or Vṛndāvana 1, 202, 288–289; and cowherd encampment 201, 202, 206; as cows of Vraja 1, 3, 202, 204, 208, 216; and gopas/cowherds 202, 204, 225, 227, 255, 275; grazing in vana/forest 201, 202, 206, 261; hoofprint of 43; Kṛṣṇa as keeper of cows 4, 5, 50, 203, 204, 205, 216, 255, 258, 260, 282; and līlā/play 1, 214, 216, 242; loka of 260, 261; and meditation 275, 284, 288–289, 390n70; milked by gopīs 209; and transcendent Vraja/Vṛndāvana/Goloka-Vṛndāvana 223, 246, 255, 258, 260, 261, 262, 284, 288–289; wish-fulfilling 258, 260, 261, 284
Csikszentmihalyi, Mark 323n35
Csordas, Thomas J. 321n20, 321n23, 323n40
Culianu, Ioan P. 321nn25–26, 322n34
Cutler, Norman 324n44, 324n47, 325n70
Dallery, Arleen B. 322n30
Dāmodara 269; as vaibhava-vilāsa 52fig2, 335n77, 390n64
Dandekar, R. N. 345n8
darśana (seeing; auspicious sight) 5, 7, 96, 97, 136, 137, 182, 192, 196, 213, 214, 215, 231, 243, 264, 266, 269, 301, 370n162, 381n206
Darśanas 12, 136, 344–345n7; see also philosophical schools; specific schools
Dasa, Satyanarayana 329n102
Dasgupta, S. N. 82–83, 339n4
Dasgupta, Shashi Bhusan 365n51
dāsya-rasa (devotional mode of service) 89, 90, 98, 100, 195, 259, 279, 285, 297, 301–302, 304, 315–316
Dattātreya: as līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 63, 336n99; as prābhava līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 63
De, Sushil Kumar 34, 328n91, 329n96, 330nn5–6, 333n52, 340n10, 380n171, 380nn174–175, 390n65, 390–391n74
deities: see gods
Delmonico, Neal 328nn91–92, 329n100, 340n10, 340n12, 366n77
demons 2, 16, 60, 61–62, 63, 72, 187, 205, 208–209, 214, 310; see also specific demons
Devakī: Kṛṣṇa as son of 1, 37, 38, 51, 201, 207, 251, 255, 351n116
devas: see gods
devatās: see gods
Devī (the Goddess): as Brahman 113, 114, 125; and Kṛṣṇa 125; as object of bhakti/devotion 20, 113; as supreme Godhead 113, 125; and Veda(s) 126; and Viṣṇu 125; see also specific goddesses
Devī-Bhāgavata Purāṇa 125–126
devotional bodies: and cosmos bodies 20; and divine bodies xiii, xv, 7, 20, 23–24, 28, 29, 30, 79, 97–98, 267, 272, 281, 289, 292, 293, 295–296, 300, 301, 303, 309, 313, 314; and mesocosmic forms of Kṛṣṇa 29, 79, 97, 153, 300, 301; and rāgānugā-bhakti 85, 94, 97–98, 106, 188, 267, 272, 280–281, 285, 301, 313; and sādhaka-rūpa 85, 94, 95, 106, 188, 300–301, 312–313; and sādhana-bhakti 20, 29, 85, 94, 95, 106, 188, 267, 280, 289, 300–301, 303, 307–308, 311, 312, 313, 368n138; siddha-rūpa as perfected devotional body 20, 29, 85, 94, 97–98, 106, 188, 267, 272, 280–281, 285, 293, 301, 303, 313, 314; and social bodies 191–196, 312–313; and vaidhī-bhakti 85, 94, 95, 106, 188, 300–301, 312–313; see also bodies of jīvas/beings; human bodies; sādhaka-rūpa; siddha-rūpa
dhāmans (abodes) of Kṛṣṇa 334n56, 385n257; as beyond material realm of prakṛti 7, 132, 209–210; can be directly cognized/“seen”/experienced 210, 213, 271; Kṛṣṇa’s sva-dhāman/own abode 77, 131, 136, 152–153, 156; manifest on more than one plane simultaneously 266; and meditation 210, 213, 271, 302; ontology of 48, 230, 236, 244, 250, 251; terms for 209, 373n59; transcendent dhāman/abode of Kṛṣṇa 7, 33, 77, 131, 132, 152–153, 154, 174, 201, 209–210, 213, 245, 271, 339n141, 373n59, 386n288; see also Dvārakā; Kṛṣṇaloka; Mathurā; Mathurā-maṇḍala; Paravyoman; Vaikuṇṭha; Vraja or Vṛndāvana
Dhanvantari: as līlā-avatār
a 53fig2, 63, 336n99; as prābhava līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 63
dharma (cosmic ordering principle; system of ritual and social duties) xiii–xiv, 1, 19, 42, 44, 56, 60–61, 63, 64–66, 69, 77, 116, 129, 131, 136, 138, 141, 143, 153, 156, 170–172, 173, 181, 184–185, 187, 189–190, 239, 268, 299, 325n63, 345–346n14, 365n59, 368nn122–123, 368n131, 369n145; see also varṇāśrama-dharma
Dharma-Śāstras xiii–xiv, 19, 94–95, 111–112, 113, 171, 172, 173, 184–185, 286, 325n63, 346n14, 351n97
Dharmasetu: as manvantara-avatāra 53fig2, 65
Dharma-Sūtras 346n14
Dhruva 63, 273–274
Dhvanyāloka (Ānandavardhana) 86, 87
Dhvanyāloka-Locana (Abhinavagupta) 86
dhyāna (meditation) 14, 39, 65, 69, 93, 94, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 106, 138, 165, 169, 170, 171, 188–189, 221, 228, 245, 267, 271, 272, 274–275, 277, 278, 279, 280, 282, 283, 285, 288, 291–292, 302, 331n22, 343n66, 360n309, 361n318, 390n70; see also meditation
Digdarśanīṭīkā on Brahma Saṃhitā (Jīva Gosvāmin) 219, 257–260, 264–266, 281
Dikshitar, V. R. Ramchandra 350n88
Dimock, Edward C., Jr. 319n2, 329n93, 329n103, 333n52, 356n214, 356n217, 368n127, 370n156, 379n153, 379n158, 386n275
Dissanayake, Wimal 321n21, 321n23, 323nn35–36, 324n49
Dīvālī or Dīpāvali (festival of lights) 4, 244
divine bodies 11, 324n44; and ascetic bodies 18; and bhakti traditions 20, 22–25, 295, 325n70; body of Ātman 18, 23; body of Brahmā 114, 116, 352n143; body of Brahman 18, 23; body of Nārāyaṇa 292–293, 347n33; body of Prajāpati 18, 23, 326n74; body of Puruṣa 17–18; body of Śiva 19, 114; body of Viṣṇu 73–74, 113, 307, 338n132, 347n33; and cosmos bodies 15–16, 17–18, 19–20, 325n61; and devotional bodies 20, 23–24, 295; and human bodies 15–16, 17–18, 19–20, 23, 24, 292–293, 295, 325n61; as integral bodies 15–16, 17–20, 325n61; and mūrtis/images 23, 24, 295, 326nn74–75; and nāmans/divine names 23, 24, 295; as particularized forms 22, 295; and purity bodies 19; and ritual bodies 17–18, 325n61; and sacred texts 23, 24, 295; and social bodies 15–16, 17–18, 19, 325n61; and tantric bodies 19–20, 286–287; and time 22, 23, 295; and tīrthas/sacred places 22–23, 24, 295; and Vedic traditions 17–18, 22–23, 325n71, 326n74; see also divine bodies or forms of Kṛṣṇa; Gauḍīya tradition: discourse of divine embodiment
divine bodies or forms of Kṛṣṇa: as ananta-rūpa/limitless or innumerable 20, 31, 32, 40, 45, 46, 47, 49, 68, 70, 71, 76, 177, 296, 298, 299, 303–304, 310–311; as blue-black 36, 38, 47–48, 51, 61, 65, 66, 69, 92, 276, 284, 297–298, 310–311; and bodies of jīvas/beings 15, 20, 32, 56, 57, 59–60, 68, 70, 75, 107, 181, 299, 303–304, 306, 311, 312, 314; can be directly cognized/“seen”/experienced 36–39, 43, 89–90, 92–93, 97, 100, 128, 130, 151–152, 155, 213, 217, 250–251, 253, 254–255, 264, 265, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273–276, 277, 279, 280, 282, 283, 284, 302, 305, 331n22, 331n25; characterized by aiśvarya/divine majesty 5, 37, 51, 54, 55, 61, 66, 68–69, 70, 72–73, 74, 75, 89, 251, 253, 260, 279, 297, 305, 307, 311, 343n66; characterized by mādhurya/sweetness 5, 36, 37, 47, 50, 54, 61, 92, 139, 251, 256, 260, 280, 297, 310–311; consist of sat-cit-ānanda 36, 38, 39, 40, 47, 50, 54, 67, 68, 77, 85, 97, 99, 139, 181, 257, 258, 276, 281, 296–297, 301, 310, 311, 314, 330n10, 331n17; and cosmos bodies 20, 32, 57, 58, 68, 69–70, 298–299, 303–304, 312; and devotional bodies xiii, xv, 7, 20, 28, 29, 30, 79, 97–98, 267, 272, 281, 289, 292, 293, 295–296, 300, 301, 303, 309, 313, 314; distinguished by age 47–48, 60, 310–311; distinguished by bodily shapes 47–48, 51, 54, 55, 60, 65, 68–69, 70, 71, 72, 76, 177, 296, 297–298, 300, 310–311; distinguished by color 47–48, 51, 54, 60, 65–66, 69, 71, 72, 190, 297–298, 310–311; distinguished by emblems 48, 54, 55, 60, 65–66, 68–69, 71, 296, 297; distinguished by gender 72–73, 99, 314, 315, 392n10; distinguished by number of arms 37, 48, 54, 60, 68; distinguished by number of heads 48; as eka-rūpa/one and singular 40, 46, 50, 51, 68, 71, 72, 177, 181, 252, 296–297, 299, 303, 310–311, 314; encompass various planes of existence 20, 29, 31, 40, 46, 47, 68, 76, 177, 296, 299, 303–304, 306; engaged through kīrtana/singing 96, 154–155, 156, 360n309, 361n318; engaged through śravaṇa/hearing 96, 154–155, 174, 360n309, 361n318; as four-armed 1, 37–38, 48, 49, 51, 54, 55, 59, 62, 65, 68, 70, 72–73, 74, 75, 89, 240, 273, 279, 288, 297, 299, 305, 307, 311, 334–335n70, 343n66, 373n61; gopa/cowherd form 1, 3, 4, 36–40, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 54, 61, 68, 72, 73, 74, 78, 88, 90, 92, 100, 139, 177, 203, 207, 208, 216, 222, 224–225, 251, 256, 258, 260, 262, 263, 264, 275–276, 279, 280–281, 282, 283–284, 288, 296, 297, 302, 305, 307, 310–311, 390n70; hierarchical taxonomy of 32, 37, 46, 47–48, 50–51, 52–53fig2, 54–67, 68–69, 70, 72, 74–75, 85, 296–298, 304, 306–307, 310–311, 390n64, 392n10; and human bodies 15, 28, 29, 35, 78–79, 85, 103, 107, 181, 292, 295–296, 300, 308, 309, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315; on macroscosmic plane 20, 29, 31, 32, 46, 47, 56, 69–70, 76, 177, 296, 298, 299, 303–304, 306; and meditation 39, 89–90, 96, 97, 99–100, 128, 130, 151–152, 213, 217, 224–225, 227, 270, 271, 272, 273–276, 277, 278–281, 282, 283–284, 288, 302, 305, 331n22, 360n309, 361n318, 390n70; on microcosmic plane 20, 29, 31, 32, 46, 47, 56, 70, 76, 177, 296, 299, 303–304, 306; as multifarious 32, 46, 70, 296, 304, 310–311, 313; as narākāra/in shape of human being 37–39, 62, 265, 266, 310, 314, 330n15, 331n17; as nonmaterial 15, 20, 36, 38, 39, 43, 47, 67, 68, 72, 74, 107, 181, 209, 282, 296–297, 303, 306, 309, 310, 311, 314, 331n17; not visible to material eye 377n123; as polychromatic 47–48, 65–66, 69, 71, 72, 297–298, 310–311; as polymorphous 47–48, 60, 68–69, 71, 72, 76, 177, 297–298, 300, 310–311; and social bodies 28, 30, 303–304; and space 48–49, 54–55, 70–71, 219, 225–226, 240–241, 296–299; terms for 46, 47; as thousand-armed 37, 48, 311; and time 20, 46, 49–50, 54–55, 56, 60, 69, 70–71, 177, 288, 299, 335n77, 335n79, 390n64; on transcosmic plane 29, 31, 32, 46, 47, 76, 175–176, 177, 181, 254, 296, 299, 303–304, 306, 310; as two-armed 4, 36–39, 47, 48, 49, 50, 61, 68, 73, 74, 90, 92, 100, 256, 279, 284, 288, 296, 297, 305, 307, 311, 314, 334–335n70; as viśva-rūpa/all-encompassing 37, 311; see also avatāras of Kṛṣṇa; mesocosmic forms of Kṛṣṇa; prakāśas of Kṛṣṇa; svayaṃ-rūpa or svarūpa of Kṛṣṇa; vigraha of Kṛṣṇa; vilāsas of Kṛṣṇa; vyūhas of Kṛṣṇa;
specific divine manifestations
divine majesty: see aiśvarya
Douglas, Mary 9, 321n23, 321n26
D’Sa, Francis X. 357n226
Duden, Barbara 321n24
Durgā 125–126, 288
Dvādaśāditya-tīrtha 214, 221, 232, 234, 243
Dvaita Vedānta 142
Dvāpara Yuga 1, 35, 37, 38, 50, 65, 66, 73, 78, 88, 116, 117, 118, 122, 123, 129, 130, 147, 152, 171, 190, 199, 209, 211, 222, 229, 244, 246, 250, 253, 254, 262, 263, 267, 269
Dvārakā: and ādi catur-vyūhas or prābhava-vilāsas 48–49, 54, 71, 177, 225, 260, 297, 302, 311; associated with aiśvarya/divine majesty 37, 48, 54, 251, 260, 297, 311; can be directly cognized/“seen”/experienced 253, 254–255; city of 34, 201, 216, 229, 251, 252, 255; consists of sat-cit-ānanda 252; descent of 254–255; as dhāman/realm of Kṛṣṇaloka 34, 48, 71, 229, 251, 254–255, 256, 258, 260, 297, 311; as domain of aprakaṭa/unmanifest līlā 48–49, 54, 229, 250, 251, 252–253, 254–255; as domain of earthly/manifest līlā 49, 201, 229, 250, 251, 252–253, 254–255; as earthly abode of Kṛṣṇa 209, 229, 250, 252–253, 255; engaged through pilgrimage 252–253, 268; engaged through residing in 268; as eternal 49, 252–253; as extension of vigraha/absolute body 252, 254; as geographic place 229, 250, 254, 255; as immanent counterpart of transcendent dhāman/domain 229, 250, 251–252, 254–255; as infinite 49; as luminous 253, 254–255; as manifestation of Kṛṣṇa’s svarūpa/essential form 253; manifests in more than one place simultaneously 252; and material space-time continuum 49, 229, 250, 255; and meditation 302; as nonmaterial 252, 302; as nonphenomenal and transmundane 252, 255; and parikaras/pārṣadas/eternal associates 250, 251, 254; as pilgrimage place 252–253; as prakāśa-viśe�
��a/special manifestation of transcendent dhāman/domain 251–252, 254–255; as site of Vāsudeva Kṛṣṇa’s kingdom 1, 201, 255; as transcendent dhāman/abode of Kṛṣṇa 34, 48–49, 229, 250, 251, 252–253, 254–255, 258, 260, 297; as transcendent domain 34, 48, 49, 177, 229, 250, 251–253, 254–255; as unmanifest 254; and Vāsudeva Kṛṣṇa 1, 37, 54, 73, 201, 225, 251, 255, 260, 297, 311
Eck, Diana L. 326n73
Edelmann, Jonathan B. 366n75
eighteen-syllable mantra 258–259, 281–282, 288, 302, 389n39
Eilberg-Schwartz, Howard 322nn34–35, 323n38, 323n41, 324n44
elders of Vraja: cowherd elders 202, 206; as embodiments of vātsalya-rasa 90, 98, 285, 297, 301–302; and līlā/play 301–302; as nitya-siddhas/eternally perfect beings 90, 98, 297, 301–302; as parikaras/pārṣadas/eternal associates 90, 98, 285, 297, 301–302; as rāgātmikā bhaktas 98, 297, 301–302; and transcendent Vraja/Vṛndāvana/Goloka-Vṛndāvana 98, 285, 297, 301–302
Elias, Norbert 321n26
Elkman, Stuart Mark 332n31, 357n223, 358n255, 359n268
Entwistle, A. W. 201, 203, 211, 217–218, 237, 257, 319n3, 320nn7–9, 320n11, 339n141, 371n2, 371nn6–7, 372n17, 374nn69–72, 374n80, 374n82, 375n83, 375nn86–87, 375n93, 376n98, 376nn104–105, 377nn108–109, 379n154, 379n168, 380nn170–173, 380nn175–176, 380nn179–181, 384n242
epics: see Itihāsas
essential form of Kṛṣṇa: see svayaṃ-rūpa or svarūpa of Kṛṣṇa
essential nature: see svarūpa of jīvas or bhaktas; svarūpa of Kṛṣṇa
eternal associates: see parikaras or pārṣadas
Falk, Maryla 364n44
Falk, Pasi 321n23
Farquhar, J. N. 82, 339n2
Faure, Bernard 323n35, 323n38, 323n41
Featherstone, Mike 321n23
Feher, Michel 321n24, 324n44
Filliozat, Jean 345n8
Findly, Ellison Banks 362n4
Fitzgerald, James L. 345n13
Flood, Gavin 324n47, 389n57, 390n58
flute: as emblem of Kṛṣṇa 2, 36, 38, 39, 47, 50, 74, 93, 139, 256, 276, 288, 297; and mūrtis/images of Kṛṣṇa 4, 235; role in līlā 2, 203, 204, 209; role in mānasa-pūjā/mental worship 292
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