Voltaire in Love

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Voltaire in Love Page 27

by Nancy Mitford


  Chatenay, Mme de, 102

  Chauvelin, Germain-Louis de (1685–1762), 178

  Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of (1694–1773), 135, 162

  Cideville, Pierre-Robert le Cornier de (1693–1778): Voltaire’s relationship with, 1, 10; on Émilie’s appearance, 2; country home, 17; introduces Linant to Voltaire, 27; on Le Temple du Goût, 30; and Lettres philosophiques, 34, 38; Voltaire writes to from Cirey, 47; Voltaire writes to about society taking up reasoning, 49–50; Voltaire writes to about Linant, 50; qualities as a correspondent, 61; on Voltaire’s interest in natural philosophy, 66; Linant’s lack of respect for, 74–5; Voltaire writes to about Linant’s departure, 76; attraction to Mme Denis, 158; scolds Voltaire for making himself unpopular, 166; Voltaire writes to about his unhappiness, 178

  Cirey, Château de (Meurthe-et-Moselle): background, 44; Voltaire takes refuge there, 45–6, 51; life at, 55–8, 60–3; Denis honeymoons at, 77–8; Grafigny’s letters from, 89–106; Voltaire’s wing, 93–4, 154; Émilie’s rooms, 94; bathroom, 96–7; happy summer at, 151–5; Hénault on, 154–5; Voltaire and Émilie’s impromptu visit, 180; Voltaire leaves for ever, 222

  Clairaut, Alexis-Claude (1713–65), 61, 67, 177, 212, 224

  Clairon, Claire-Joseph Léris (1723–1803), 106

  Clare, Charles, 6th Viscount (1699–1761), 6

  Clermont, Louis de Bourbon-Condé, Comte de, Prince of the Blood (1709–71), 42–3

  Coligny, Gaspard de (1519–72), 18

  Collège d’Harcourt, 52–3

  Comédie Française, 15, 18, 133, 135, 137–8, 140, 159, 200–1

  Comédie Italienne, 203

  Commercy, Château de, 184–5, 193–5, 202–3

  Condorcet, Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis de (1743–94), 164

  Congreve, William (1670–1729), 23, 24

  Conti, Louis-François de Bourbon, Prince de (1717–76), 42–3

  Corneille, Pierre (1606–84), 111

  Crébillon, Claude (1707–77), 47, 135, 200

  Crébillon, Prosper Jolyot (1674–1762), 200, 203, 214

  Créquy, Renée-Caroline de Froulay, Marquise de (1714–1803), 3, 5, 56

  Crewe, Mrs, 23

  Cumberland, William Augustus, Duke of (1721–65), 161

  Dangeau, Philippe de Courcillon, Marquis de (1638–1720), 6

  Dauphin of France, Louis (1729–65), 68, 139, 152, 158, 203

  Dauphine of France, Marie Thérèse Raphaele, Infanta of Spain (1727–47), 152, 153, 158

  Deffand, Marie de Vichy-Chamrond, Marquise de (1697–1780): on Émilie’s appearance, 2; and Lettres philosophiques, 38; cruel pen-portrait of Émilie, 56; on Voltaire’s affair with Émilie, 57; Hénault discusses Voltaire with, 134; relationship with Hénault, 154; de Staal writes to, 173; on Saint-Lambert, 183; Émilie refuses to see while working, 212

  Denis, M., 76, 151

  Denis, Marie-Louise Mignot, Mme (1712–90): Voltaire helps out, 76–8; Voltaire and Émilie visit, 149; husband’s death, 151; Voltaire commences affair with, 157–8, 169; Voltaire writes to, 173; fails to persuade Voltaire to leave Émilie, 175–6, 178; Voltaire writes to her of his love for her, 191; Voltaire writes to from Lorraine, 195–6; quarrels with Voltaire, 201; Voltaire writes to about birth of Émilie’s daughter, 220; Voltaire’s intention to comfort himself with her after Émilie’s death, 222–3; Voltaire sets up house with, 224

  Decartes, René (1596–1650), 31, 33, 41, 79

  Desfontaines, Abbé Pierre-François Guyot (1685–1745): sodomy case against, 18–19; Voltaire attacks, 30; Voltaire’s hatred of, 47–8, 49; and La Mort de César, 53; publicly reveals Voltaire’s affair with Émilie, 53–4; row with Voltaire sparked by Voltaire’s Newton book, 80–8, 92–3, 99; La Voltairomanie, 81–5, 86, 88; Voltaire rejoices not to encounter in Paris, 111; makes trouble about Mahomet, 135; death, 166; immortality given him by quarrels with Voltaire, 167

  Desmarets, Léopold, 98, 100, 102, 104, 105, 106

  Devaux, François-Antoine (’Pan-pan’, ‘Panpichon’) (1712–96): background, 91; Grafigny’s letters to, 91–106; Voltaire on, 94; affair with Boufflers, 182; and Émilie’s affair with Saint-Lambert, 190; verses by, 205

  Dickens, Guy, English Ambassador to Berlin, 126

  Diderot, Denis (1713–84), 183

  Drumgold (Irishman), 106

  Duclos, Charles Pinot (1704–72), 214

  Dumesnil, Marie-Françoise March-and, called Mlle (1711–1803), 138

  Dumolard, 125

  Duresnel, Jean-François du Bellay, Abbé de Sept-Fontaines (1692–1761), 214

  Eller, Johan-Theodor, 147

  Émilie see Châtelet, Gabrielle-Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Marquise du

  Enghien, 109–10

  England and the English, 22–5, 34, 40–1

  Étiolles, Château d’, 162

  Euler, Leonhard (1707–83), 79

  Fawkener, Sir Everard (1684–1758): background, 23; Voltaire meets in England, 23, 24; Zaïre dedicated to, 26; appointed English Ambassador to the Porte, 62; Voltaire writes to, 62–3, 114–15, 132–3, 204–5; Voltaire invites to Cirey, 90; at Fontenoy, 161–2

  fermiers-généraux, 3–4

  Fitzjames, Duchesse de, 163

  Flavacourt, Marquise de, 163

  Fleury, André-Hercule, Cardinal de, Bishop of Fréjus (1653–1742): opinion of Voltaire, 11; background, 26; Mirepoix complains to about Voltaire, 68; du Châtelet intercedes with on Voltaire’s behalf, 72; ’sGravesande does same, 73; and Lecouvreur, 75; uses Voltaire as his unofficial envoy in Berlin, 123–5, 136; and Mahomet, 133; death, 136–7

  Foncemagne, Étienne Leuréault de (1694–1779), 214

  Fontaine-Martel, Baronne de, 27–9, 131

  Fontenelle, Bernard le Bovier de (1657–1757), 5–6, 137, 165, 166

  Fontenoy, Battle of (1745), 160–2

  Forster, Edward Morgan (1879–1970), 79

  Four, Mme du, 174

  Fourqualquiers, M. de, 29

  Francis I, François-Étienne, Duc de Lorraine, Emperor (1708–65), 90, 111

  Frederick II, the Great, King of Prussia (1712–86): and Newton, 41; begins correspondence with Voltaire, 64–6; Voltaire’s growing attraction to, 69–70; Voltaire writes to from exile in Holland, 71; correspondence with Voltaire, 73; sends Voltaire Kaiserling, 74, 95; Linant plots to live in his establishment, 75–6; and Voltaire’s Newton book, 80; Thieriot sends La Voltairomanie to, 85, 87; on Voltaire’s energy, 90; present sent to Émilie, 94; Voltaire asks him to intercede in du Châtelet family lawsuit, 109; on d’Arenberg, 110; Anti-Machiavel, 110, 116, 117, 118, 119–20, 125; corresponds with Voltaire about royal marriages, 111; relationship with Voltaire, 116–17; succeeds to the throne, 117–18; plans to meet Voltaire but not Émilie, 118–19; meets Voltaire at last, 120–2; character, 121–2; life at his Court, 126, 142, 144; invades Silesia, 125, 126, 130; Voltaire writes to about his inflammation of the eyes, 128; at Mollwitz, 130–1, 132; helps Émilie with family lawsuit, 131; forms alliance with France, then makes peace with Maria-Theresa, 133–6; Voltaire visits at Aix, 136; delight at Voltaire failing to get elected to Académie Française, 139; Voltaire plots departure to his Court, 140–1; Voltaire’s visit to, 143–7; daily life, 143–4; named in Voltaire’s inaugural Académie Française speech, 165; Voltaire, fearing death, bequeaths manuscripts to, 167–8; continues to ask Voltaire to go and live with him, 172; Voltaire speaks to about Plombières, 197; Voltaire recommences correspondence with, 212–13; his famous quote about Voltaire, 213

  Frederick William I, King of Prussia (1688–1740), 69, 117

  Fréjus, Bishop of see Fleury, André-Hercule, Cardinal de

  Froulay, Bailli de, 68

  Galloche, Louis (1670–1761), 60 Gaussin, Jeanne-Catherine Gaussem, called Mlle (1711–67), 151

  Gay, John (1685–1732), 23

  Gaya, Chevalier de, 173

  Genlis, Stéphanie-Félicité du Crest de Saint-Aubin, Comtesse de (1746–1830), 5

  George I, King of Great Brita
in and Ireland (1660–1727), 22

  George II, King of Great Britain and Ireland (1683–1760), 23

  Gontaut, Duc de, 4

  Goujon, Jean (c. 1510-c. 1563), 30

  Grafigny, Françoise d’Issembourg d’Happoncourt, Dame de (1695–1758): background, 83, 89; letters from Cirey, 91–106; later life and writings, 106–7

  ’sGravesande, Willem Jacob (1688–1742), 71, 73, 80, 118

  Gresset, Jean-Baptiste-Louis (1709–77), 214

  Grévin, Jacques (1538–70), 41

  Grignan, Françoise-Marguerite, Comtesse de (1646–1705), 37

  Guébriant, Marquis de, 7

  Guise, Prince de, 36–7, 59

  Hague, The, 143; La Vieille Cour, 122

  Hardion, Jacques (1686–1766), 214

  Harley, Laura, 31

  Helvétius, Claude-Adrien (1715–71), 106, 149

  Hénault, Charles-Jean-François, President of the Chamber (1685–1770), 13, 134–5, 154–5, 156, 165, 183, 214

  Henri IV, King of France (1553–1610), 11–12, 17–18

  Hérault, M., Chief of Police, 70 Hervey, John Hervey, Lord (1696–1743), 23, 60–1

  Hoensbrock, Marquis de, 160

  Holland, 71

  Houdar de la Motte, Antoine, called Lamotte-Houdar (1672–1731), 11

  Houdetot, Mme d’, 183, 224

  Jacquier, Père François (1711–88), 154, 162

  James Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender (1688–1766), 6

  Joan of Arc, Maid of Orléans, 50

  Jordan, Charles-Étienne (b. 1700), 121, 147

  Jore (publisher), 34, 38–9, 56

  Kaiserling, Count (Caesarion), 74, 75–6, 120

  Koenig, Samuel (1712–57), 109, 112, 113–14, 121, 127

  La Barbarini, 146

  La Bruyère, Jean de (1645–96), 6

  La Chaussée, Pierre-Claud Nivelle de (1692–1754), 214

  La Condamine, Charles Marie de (1701–74), 61

  La Fontaine, Jean de (1621–95), 29

  La Galaizière, Marquis de (1697–1766), 182, 183–4, 185, 191, 205, 212

  La Mettrie, Julien Offroy de (1709–1751), 113

  La Morlière, Jacques Rochette, Chevalier de (1719–85), 200

  La Popelinière, Alexandre-Joseph le Riche de (1692–1762), 85

  La Rivière-Bourdet, Château de, 17

  La Source, Château de, 17

  LaVallière, Louis-César de la Baume Le Blanc Duc de (1708–80), 4, 155

  LaVallière, Mme de, 155 La Vrillière, Louis Phélypeaux, Comte de Saint Florentin, Marquis de Châteauneuf et de (1672–1725), 15

  Lafayette, Marie-Madeleine Pioche de la Vergne, Comtesse de (1634–1693), 29

  Lamotte-Houdar see Houdar de la Motte, Antoine Lancret, Nicolas (1690–1743), 60, 136

  Law, John (1671–1729), 16

  Le Brun (writer of ‘J’ai vu’), 14

  Le Brun, Charles (1619–90) , 29, 111

  Le Sueur, Eustache (1616–55), 29–30

  LeVau, Louis (1612–70), 30

  Lecouvreur, Adrienne, 19–20, 26, 61, 75

  Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646–1716), 41, 64, 90–1, 113, 127, 154, 162

  libertins du Temple, les, 13

  Liège, Georges-Louis de Berg, Bishop of, 121

  Linant, Michel (1708–49): background, 27; nature of Voltaire’s relationship with, 31; lives with Voltaire, 34–5; Voltaire scolds Cideville for introducing him to him, 38; visit to Cideville, 47; visits Voltaire on his return from country exile, 50; tutors Émilie’s children, 52, 55; life at Cirey, 74–5; sister employed at Cirey, 75–6; leaves Cirey, 76; and Voltaire’s row with Desfontaines, 87; wins Academy prize, 110

  Livry, Mlle, 16

  Lixin, Prince de, 38, 42

  Locke, John (1632–1704), 31

  London, 22

  Longchamp (secretary to Voltaire): Voltaire hires, 170; helps Voltaire escape from Fontainebleau, 171; on quarrels between Voltaire and Émilie, 177; accompanies Voltaire and Émilie to Cirey, 178–80; accompanies Voltaire and Émilie to Commercy, 193; helps calm down quarrel between Voltaire and Émilie, 194–5; ignorance of Voltaire’s affair with Denis, 201; accompanies Voltaire on trip to Lunéville, 201–2; on Émilie being pregnant by Saint-Lambert, 208; and Émilie’s death, 220–1

  Lorraine, 90, 91, 181–96, 202–6, 216–21

  Louis XIV, King of France (1638–1715), 52

  Louis XV, King of France (1710–74): Voltaire refused permission to dedicate Henriade to, 18; makes Fleury his chief Minister, 26; and Richelieu, 37; habits at meals, 58; scientific expeditions financed by, 61; affair with Mailly, 110; marriage of eldest daughter, 111; Fleury’s influence on, 137; attitude to Voltaire, 137; affair with Châteauroux, 137; Bishop of Mirepoix complains to about Voltaire, 140–1; his allure for Voltaire, 142; asks Richelieu for better fêtes at Versailles, 152; Voltaire’s relationship with, 153–4, 164–5; thanksgiving for his recovery from illness, 155–6; and La Princesse de Navarre, 158; affair with Pompadour, 159; at Fontenoy, 160–1; and Voltaire’s Fontenoy poem, 161; mentioned in Voltaire’s inaugural Académie Française speech, 165; relationship with wife, 172; appoints Boufflers lady-in-waiting to Mesdames de France, 199; Academician deputation to congratulate him on Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 213–15

  Lugeac, Marquis de (b. 1720), 126

  Lully, Jean-Baptiste (c. 1632–87), 111

  Lunéville, 90, 91, 181–92, 205–6, 216–21

  Luxembourg, Mme de, 138

  Luynes, Charles Philippe d’Albert, Duc de (1695–1758), 163

  Luynes, Duchesse de, Mistress of the Robes, 163

  Luynes, Paul d’Albert de see Bayeux, Bishop of

  MacCarthy, Abbé, 47

  Macchiavelli, Niccolò di Bernardo dei (1469–1527), 110, 116, 117, 118

  Maffei, Scipione (1675–1755), 138

  Maillebois, Jean-Baptiste-François des Marets, Marquis de, Marshal of France (1682–1762), 173, 174

  Mailly, Louise-Julie, Comtesse de (1710–51), 110, 134–5, 137

  Maine, Anne-Louise, Bénédicte de Bourbon-Condé, Duchesse de (1676–1753), 47, 171–2, 173–5

  Mairan, Jean-Jacques Dortous de (1678–1771), 114

  Maisons, Marquis de, 26

  Makarty (Irishman), 63

  Marais, Mathieu (1665–1737), 41

  Maria-Theresa, Archduchess of Austria and Empress (1717–80), 90, 123–4, 131, 134, 140

  Marie-Catherine-Sophie-Félicité Leczinska, Queen of France: welcomes Voltaire to Court and gives him pension, 18, 25, 47; Émilie offends, 163; Voltaire underestimates influence, 172; Voltaire offends, 177–8; Stanislas visits, 191, 192, 197; wants him to marry de la Roche-sur-Yonne, 199; loathing of Voltaire, 203

  Marivaux, Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de (1688–1763), 67, 93, 214

  Marlborough, Sarah Churchill, Duchess of (1660–1744), 23

  Marmontel, Jean-François (1723–99), 201

  Marot, (Jean-Baptiste-) François (c. 1667–1719), 60

  Martin, Jean-Baptiste (1657–1735), 94

  Maupertuis, Pierre-Louis Moreau de (1698–1759): affair with Émilie, 32–3, 44–5, 46, 54, 57; and Newton, 41; taken up by Paris society, 49–50; trip to Lapland to prove shape of the earth, 61–2; cooling in relationship with Émilie, 90; Grafigny on, 102; Émilie resumes relationship with, 112; to Prussia to help found Berlin Academy, 118; accompanies Frederick on European tour, 120; Voltaire dines with in Berlin, 125–6; at Mollwitz, 131; Voltaire writes to from Berlin, 147

  Maurepas, Jean-Frédéric Phéli-peaux, Comte de (1701–81), 21, 51, 137, 214

  Mauriac, François, xi

  meals, 58

  Menou, Père, 180–1, 185–6, 206

  Mézières, M. de, 5

  Michel (financier), 132

  Mignot, Catherine Arouet, Mme, 16, 26, 76

  Mignot, Marie-Louise see Denis, Mme

  Milton, John (1608–74), 24

  Mimeure, Mme de, 48

  Mirabaud, Jean-Baptiste de (1675–1760), 214

  Mirepoix, Jean-François Boye
r, Bishop of (1675–1755):satirised by Voltaire, 68; blocks Voltaire’s election to Académie Française, 137, 139; complains to King about Voltaire, 140–1; Frederick makes trouble between him and Voltaire, 145–6; and Pompadour, 159; Voltaire writes to the Pope to irritate, 163; congratulates King on Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 214

 

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