Nicholas and Alexandra: The Tragic, Compelling Story of the Last Tsar and his Family

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Nicholas and Alexandra: The Tragic, Compelling Story of the Last Tsar and his Family Page 78

by Robert K. Massie

Elizabeth, Grand Duchess (Ella), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 assassination of, 1

  assassination of husband of, 1

  faces mobs (1915), 1

  Rasputin and, 1, 2

  religion of, 1

  wedding of, 1

  William II and, 1, 2, 3

  Ella, see Elizabeth, Grand Duchess

  Elman, Mischa, 1

  Enesco, Georges, 1

  Ernest, Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt, 1, 2 wedding of, 1, 2

  Evreinov (Director of Ceremonies), 1

  Fabergé, Peter Carl, 1, 2, 3 eggs of, 1, 2

  Fedor I, Tsar of Russia, 1

  Fedorov, Dr., 1, 2, 3 on Alexis’ prospects as Tsar, 1

  on Rasputin, 1, 2

  in Spala crisis, 1

  Fedorovski Sobor (church), 1

  Florinsky, Michael T., 1

  Fokine, Michael, 1

  Fortress of Peter and Paul (St. Petersburg), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  Francis, David R., 1n

  Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, 1, 2 assassination of, 1

  Franz Joseph, Emperor of Austria, 1, 2, 3 on Franz Ferdinand’s assassination, 1

  outbreak of War and, 1

  tragedies in life of, 1

  Frederick, Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt, 1

  Fredericks, Count Vladimir, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 on Duma, 1

  last years of, 1

  personality and characteristics of, 1

  Fülöp-Miller, René, on Rasputin, 1, 2

  Gapon, Father George, 1

  Gatchina Palace, 1, 2

  George V, King of England, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 accession of, 1

  Nicholas’ imprisonment and, 1

  similarity to Nicholas of, 1, 2, 3, 4

  wedding of, 1

  George VI, King of England, 1

  George, Grand Duke (Nicholas’ brother) birth of, 1

  death of, 1

  personality of, 1

  world cruise of, 1

  George, Grand Duke (Nicholas’ cousin), 1

  George, Prince of Greece (son of George I), 1, 2

  Gibbs, Sidney, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in investigation of assassination, 1

  Gilliard, Pierce, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 on Alexis’ hemophilia, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

  in Ekaterinburg, 1

  in investigation of assassination, 1

  later career of, 1

  leaves Imperial family, 1

  after March Revolution, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

  on Rasputin, 1, 2, 3, 4

  at Tobolsk, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

  Godunov, Boris, 1

  Golitsyn, Prince Nicholas, 1, 2 becomes Prime Minister, 1

  in March Revolution, 1, 2

  Golitsyn, Princess Marie, 1

  Goloshchekin, Isiah, 1 assassination of Imperial family and, 1

  Golovine, Gen. Nicholas, 1, 2

  Gonzalo, Prince of Spain, 1

  Goremykin, Ivan Logginovich, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 final resignation of, 1, 2

  murdered, 1

  Gorky, Maxim, 1, 2, 3, 4

  Grandidier, Dr., 1

  Grey, Sir Edward, 1, 2

  Guchkov, Alexander, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Nicholas’ abdication and, 1, 2, 3

  in Provisional Government, 1, 2, 3

  Gurko, Gen. Vladimir, 1, 2, 3

  Gusseva, Khina, 1, 2

  Hague Conference, 1

  Haldane, J. B. S., on hemophilia, 1, 2

  Hanbury-Williams, Gen. Sir John, 1, 2, 3, 4

  Heifetz, Jascha, 1

  Helen, Princess of Waldeck, 1

  Hélène, Princess, 1

  Hemophilia, 1 in European royalty, 1, 2

  genetic pattern of, 1

  hypnosis in, 1

  possibility of spontaneous arrest of hemorrhage in, 1

  of Tsarevich Alexis, 1, 2, 3 Alexandra and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  “Daredevil” reaction, 1

  described, 1

  first hemorrhage, 1

  Gilliard on, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

  kept secret from Russian people, 1, 2

  in 1915 and 1916, 1, 2

  at outbreak of War, 1, 2, 3, 4

  significance in history of, 1, 2

  Hendrikov, Countess, 1, 2, 3, 4 execution of, 1

  Henry, Prince of Prussia, 1, 2

  Hercules, Jim, 1

  Hermogen, Bishop of Tobolsk, 1

  Hermogen, Bishop of Saratov, 1 beats Rasputin, 1

  Hindenburg, Field Marshal Paul von, 1, 2 on Russian losses, 1

  in Tannenberg campaign, 1

  Horowitz, Vladimir, 1

  Hoyos, Count, 1

  Ilinskoe, 1, 2

  Iliodor (monk), 1, 2, 3, 4

  Imperial family, see Romanov family; specific Romanovs

  International Court of Justice (World Court), 1, 2, 3

  Ipatiev, N. N., 1

  Irene, Princess of Prussia, 1, 2, 3

  Ito, Marquis Hirobumi, 1

  Iurenev (Bolshevik), 1

  Ivan IV, the Terrible, Tsar of Russia, 1, 2, 3

  Ivanov, Gen., 1, 2

  Izvolsky, Alexander, 1, 2, 3, 4 in 1907 crisis, 1

  outbreak of War and, 1

  Jackson, Margaret, 1, 2, 3

  Jilinsky, Gen., 1

  John of Kronstadt, Father, 1, 2, 3, 4

  Julian and Gregorian calendars, 1

  July uprising (1917), 1

  Kaliayev (assassin), 1

  Kandinsky, Vassily, 1

  Karsavina, Tamara, 1, 2, 3

  Kerensky, Alexander Fedorovich, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 background of, 1

  described, 1

  later life of, 1

  on Lenin, 1

  in March Revolution, 1, 2, 3, 4 opposes Michael as Tsar, 1

  on March Revolution, 1

  as Minister of Justice, 1, 2, 3, 4 abolishes capital punishment, 1, 2

  visits Imperial family, 1

  as Prime Minister, 1 July uprising, 1

  Kornilov’s attempted coup, 1

  overthrown by Bolsheviks, 1

  transfers Nicholas to Tobolsk, 1, 2, 3

  on Rasputin, 1, 2

  on Soloviev, 1

  Trotsky on, 1

  wishes to send Imperial family abroad, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  Kerensky, Fedor, 1, 2

  Khabalov, Gen., 1, 2, 3, 4

  Kharitonov (Imperial cook), 1, 2, 3

  Kharitonov (State Controller), 1

  Khitrivo, Margaret, 1

  Khlysty, 1

  Khodynka Meadow, 1, 2

  Khvostov, A. N., 1

  Khvostov, Alexander, 1

  Kiev, 1 assassination of Stolypin in, 1

  pogrom in, 1

  Kirpichnikov, Sgt., 1

  Kishenev, pogrom in, 1

  Kleinmichel, Countess, 1n

  Knox, Gen. Alfred, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

  Kobylinsky, Col. Eugene, 1 at Tobolsk, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

  Kokovtsov, Vladimir, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1917 interview with Nicholas, 1, 2

  prevents pogrom after Stolypin’s assassination, 1

  as Prime Minister, 1, 2

  Rasputin and, 1, 2

  Kolchak, Adm. Alexander, 1 orders investigation of assassination of Imperial family, 1

  Komura (Japanese envoy), 1

  Kornilov, Gen. L. G., 1, 2, 3 arrests Alexandra, 1

  attempted coup by, 1

  in Civil War, 1, 2

  Kossikovsky, Alexandra, 1

  Kostenko, Capt, 1

  Kotzebue, Capt., 1

  Koussevitsky, Serge, 1

  Krasnoe Selo, 1, 2, 3

  Kremlin described, 1

  at Nicholas’ coronation, 1, 2

  Krivoshein (Minister of Agriculture), 1

  Kronstadt in March Revolution, 1

  1905 mutinies in, 1

  Krupskaya, Nadezhda, 1, 2n, 3

  Kschessinska, Mathilde, 1, 2, 3, 4 Alexandra’s attitude to, 1

  her mansion sacked, 1

  later life of, 1

  Nicholas’ affair with, 1, 2, 3

  Kurino (Japanese Minister), 1

  Lafargue, Laura, 1


  Lafargue, Paul, 1

  Lamsdorf (Foreign Minister), 1

  Lane, Franklin K., 1

  Lazovert, Dr., 1, 2, 3

  Lemberg, 1

  Lena goldfields massacre, 1

  Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, 1, 2, 3 assassination of Imperial family and, 1, 2

  begins to use name, “Lenin,” 1

  death of, 1

  flees to Finland (1917), 1

  in jail and exile, 1

  legacy of, 1

  in London, 1

  looks forward to war, 1

  makes peace, 1

  March Revolution and, 1

  at 1903 conference, 1

  in 1905 Revolution, 1

  overthrows Kerensky, 1

  personality of, 1

  returns to Russia (1917), 1

  on Stolypin’s land reforms, 1

  on suicide of Lafargues, 1

  Leopold, Prince (Duke of Albany), hemophilia of, 1

  Leyden, Prof., 1

  Lichnowsky, Prince, 1

  Litten, Dr. M., 1, 2

  Livadia Palace death of Alexander III at, 1

  described, 1

  Easter at, 1

  parties and ball at, 1

  as Romanov sanctuary after Revolution, 1

  Yalta Conference at, 1

  Lloyd George, David, policy on asylum for Nicholas, 1, 2

  Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt, 1, 2

  Louvain, Alexandra’s reaction to burning of, 1

  Lucas, Dr. Oscar, 1n

  Ludendorff, Field Marshal Erich, 1, 2, 3

  Lupescu, Magda, 1

  Lvov, Prince George, 1 as Prime Minister, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  in prison, 1

  Macdonald, Ramsay, 1

  Makarov, Adm., 1

  Manuel II, King of Portugal, 1

  Manus (banker), 1

  March Revolution, see Revolution (March 1917)

  Margaret, Princess of Prussia, 1

  Marie Fedorovna, Empress, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Alexandra and, 1, 2, 3, 4

  children of, 1, 2; see also George, Grand Duke; Michael, Grand Duke; Nicholas II; Olga, Grand Duchess; Xenia, Grand Duchess

  death of Alexander III, 1, 2, 3

  later life of, 1, 2

  Nicholas and, 1 after Alexander III’s death, 1, 2

  letters, 1, 2

  Marie’s guidance in governmental affairs, 1

  Nicholas’ marriage, 1, 2

  Nicholas’ abdication and, 1, 2

  Nicholas’ coronation and, 1, 2

  opposes land reform, 1

  personality of, 1

  plans rescue of Nicholas, 1

  Rasputin and, 1, 2, 3

  on Stolypin, 1

  William II and, 1, 2

  on Witte, 1

  Marie Louise, Princess of England, 1

  Marie Nicolaievna, Grand Duchess (daughter of Nicholas), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 assassination of, 1

  birth of, 1

  described, 1

  in Ekaterinburg, 1, 2, 3

  after March Revolution, 1, 2, 3

  in Tobolsk, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

  Marie Pavlovna, Grand Duchess, 1n, 2 in conspiracy against Nicholas, 1

  personality of, 1

  Marxism, Lenin’s conversion to, 1

  Mary, Queen of England, 1

  Marye, George T., 1, 2, 3n

  Maryinsky Theatre (St. Petersburg), 1, 2, 3

  Mendel, Gregor Johann, 1

  Michael Romanov, Tsar of Russia, 1, 2

  Michael, Grand Duke (Tsar Michael II), 1, 2, 3 abdicates, 1, 2

  assassination of, 1

  birth of, 1

  character of, 1

  in March Revolution, 1, 2

  marries divorcée, 1

  Nicholas abdicates in favor of, 1, 2

  Michael Mikhailovich, Grand Duke, 1

  Militsa, Grand Duchess, Rasputin and, 1, 2

  Miliukov, Paul, 1, 2, 3, 4 as Foreign Minister, 1, 2, 3, 4

  seeks to send Imperial family abroad, 1

  Mirbach, Count William, 1

  Mirsky, Prince Sviatopolk-, 1

  Mogilev, field headquarters at, 1, 2, 3, 4

  Moika Palace assassination of Rasputin in, 1

  described, 1

  Molotov, Vyacheslav, 1

  Moltke, Gen. Helmuth von, 1, 2

  Monomakh’s Cap, 1

  Montebello, Marquis de, 1

  Moscow anti-German rioting in, 1

  described, 1

  Nicholas’ coronation in, 1

  in 1905 Revolution, 1

  at outbreak of War, 1

  Romanov tercentenary in, 1

  Mosolov (head of Court Secretariat), 1, 2

  Nagorny (companion of Tsarevich Alexis), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 executed, 1

  after Revolution, 1, 2, 3

  Names of Russians, 1

  Narodny Dom (St. Petersburg), 1, 2

  Nasse, Dr. Christian, 1

  Nekliudov (Ambassador to Bulgaria), 1

  Nepenin, Adm., 1

  Nesterov, Michael, 1, 2

  Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia, 1

  Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia Alexander III (his father) and, 1, 2, 3 Nicholas’ marriage, 1, 2, 3

  preparation for the throne, 1, 2

  accession of, 1

  assassination of, 1

  attempted assassination of, 1

  as autocrat, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 encouraged by Alexandra, 1, 2

  birth of, 1

  at Borodino ceremonies, 1

  childhood of, 1 assassination of Alexander II, 1

  eats True Cross, 1

  children of, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 on Imperial train, 1, 2

  on Imperial yacht, 1

  measles during March Revolution, 1, 2, 3, 4

  proposed marriages of daughters, 1, 2

  see also Alexis, Tsarevich; Anastasia, Grand Duchess; Marie, Grand Duchess; Olga, Grand Duchess; Tatiana, Grand Duchess

  clemency of, 1n, 2

  colonel’s rank of, 1, 2, 3

  coronation of, 1 Khodynka Meadow disaster, 1, 2

  court protocol and, 1, 2 private audience described, 1

  diary of, 1, 2, 3, 4

  Duma and, 1, 2 Nicholas’ appearance before, 1

  ordered suspended in March Revolution, 1, 2

  summoned by Nicholas (1915), 1

  see also specific ministers

  education of, 1, 2

  first years as Tsar, 1

  foreign policy of Björkö treaty with William II, 1

  French alliance, 1, 2, 3

  international peace, 1

  leading to war with Japan, 1

  1907 Bosnia crisis, 1

  Polish policy, 1

  general estimate of, 1

  as head of Romanov family, 1, 2; see also Romanov family

  illnesses of, 1, 2 nervous collapse, 1, 2

  March Revolution and, 1 abdication, 1, 2

  his orders from field headquarters, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 warnings of Revolution to him, 1

  Marie (his mother) and, 1 after Alexander III’s death, 1, 2

  her guidance in governmental affairs, 1

  letters, 1, 2

  Nicholas’ marriage, 1

  military affairs in War and address to cadets, 1 Alexeiev as Chief of Staff, 1

  assumes command of armies, 1

  confidence in Sukhomlinov, 1

  at field headquarters, 1, 2

  final address to troops, 1

  1916 offensive, 1

  problem of supplies, 1

  promise to Paléologue, 1

  victories over Austrians, 1

  ministers of cabinet dissolves itself (March 1917), 1

  list of ministers, 1

  Nicholas opposes the frequent changes (1916), 1

  Nicholas’ relationships with ministers, 1

  pleas to Nicholas for responsible government, 1, 2, 3

  Rasputin’s influence in appointments, 1, 2, 3, 4

  see also specific ministers

  1905 Revolution and, 1 constitution granted, 1
>
  meeting with workers, 1

  outbreak of War and after Austrian ultimatum, 1, 2

  correspondence with William II, 1

  Franz Ferdinand’s assassination, 1

  formal ceremonies, 1, 2

  orders of mobilization, 1, 2

  Poincaré’s visit, 1

  vodka banned, 1

  personality and characteristics of, 1, 2 amount of Russian blood, 1

  dress, 1

  compared to George V, 1, 2, 3, 4

  fatalism, 1

  linguistic ability, 1, 2, 3

  love of military pageantry, 1, 2, 3

  nationalism, 1

  as prisoner, 1

  taste in foods, 1

  tries out infantry uniform, 1

  work habits, 1

  as prisoner, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in Ekaterinburg, 1, 2, 3

  insulted, 1, 2, 3, 4

  Kerensky’s visits, 1, 2

  ordered brought to Moscow, 1, 2

  plans to escape, 1, 2

  return to Tsarskoe Selo, 1

  Soviet’s attitude, 1, 2

  in Tobolsk, 1, 2, 3

 

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