56. Matt Levine, Twitter, August 29, 2017, https://twitter.com/matt_levine/status/902617398620168196.
57. Smith + Crown ICO Tracker, http://www.smithandcrown.com/ico-tracker.
58. Jobanputra, Jalak. Discussion with the author. July 2018.
59. CB Insights, “Venture Capital Funnel Shows Odds of Becoming a Unicorn Are Less than 1%, ”March 2017, http://www.cbinsights.com/research/venture-capital-funnel-2.
60. Joseph Young, “Vitalik Buterin: 90% of ICOs Will Fail,” Coin Journal, October 2017, https://coinjournal.net/vitalik-buterin-90-icos-will-fail.
61. Chwierut, Matt. Discussion with the author. May 2018.
62. Heather Whipps, “How Ancient Trade Changed the World,” Live Science, February 17, 2018, https://www.livescience.com/4823-ancient-trade-changed-world.html.
63. Niam Yaraghi and Shamika Ravi, “The Current and Future State of the Sharing Economy,” Brookings, December 29, 2016, http://www.brookings.edu/research/the-current-and-future-state-of-the-sharing-economy.
64. Simpson, Arianna. Discussion with the author. May 2018.
65. Rachel Wolfson, “Tim Draper on the Future of Cryptocurrency, His New Book and Why Bitcoin Will Hit $250,000 by 2022,” Forbes, May 2, 2018, https://www.forbes.com/sites/rachelwolfson/2018/05/02/tim-draper-on-the-future-of-cryptocurrency-his-new-book-and-why-bitcoin-will-hit-250000-by-2022/#627c390e2d71.
66. Bill Gates, The Road Ahead (New York: Viking Press, 1995).
67. The World Bank, “Remittance Prices Worldwide,” March 2018, https://remittanceprices.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/rpw_report_march2018.pdf.
68. Vitalik Buterin, Twitter, April 16, 2018, https://twitter.com/vitalikbuterin/status/986107008892846080.
69. Juniper Research, “Ad Fraud to Cost Advertisers $19 Billion in 2018, Representing 9% of Total Digital Advertising Spend,” September 26, 2017, http://www.juniperresearch.com/press/press-releases/ad-fraud-to-cost-advertisers-$19-billion-in-2018.
70. Soman, Nick. Discussion with the author. August 2018.
71. Kairos Future, “The Land Registry in the Blockchain Testbed,” March 2017, https://chromaway.com/papers/Blockchain_Landregistry_Report_2017.pdf.
72. Hartman Group, “Sustainability 2017,” September 2017, http://store.hartman-group.com/content/Sustainability-2017-Overview.pdf.
73. Nielsen, “Consumer-Goods’ Brands That Demonstrate Commitment to Sustainability Outperform Those That Don’t,” October 12, 2015, https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/press-room/2015/consumer-goods-brands-that-demonstrate-commitment-to-sustainability-outperform.html.
74. FoodLogiQ, “What Consumers Care About in the Age of Transparency,” 2017, https://www.foodlogiq.com/resources/consumers-in-the-age-of-food-transparency.
75. Susan McPherson, “8 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Trends to Look for in 2018,” Forbes, January 12, 2018, https://www.forbes.com/sites/susanmcpherson/2018/01/12/8-corporate-social-responsibility-csr-trends-to-look-for-in-2018.
76. KPMG, “The Road Ahead: The KPMG Survey of Corporate Responsibility Reporting 2017,” 2017, https://home.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/campaigns/csr/pdf/CSR_Reporting_2017.pdf.
77. Sustainability Academy, “Global Trends in Corporate Sustainability for 2017,” January 18, 2017, https://www.sustainability-academy.org/trends-sustainability-2017.
78. Global Reporting Initiative, “Sustainability and Reporting Trends 2025—Preparing for the Future,” May 2015, http://www.globalreporting.org/resourcelibrary/Sustainability-and-Reporting-Trends-in-2025-1.pdf.
79. Martha Filipic, “High Cost of Foodborne Illness: New Study Provides State-by-State Breakdown,” Ohio State University, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, June 3, 2015, https://cfaes.osu.edu/news/articles/high-cost-foodborne-illness-new-study-provides-state-by-state-breakdown.
80. Beth Kowitt, “Why Our Food Keeps Making Us Sick,” Fortune, May 6, 2016, http://fortune.com/food-contamination.
81. Tyco Integrated Security, “Recall: The Food Industry’s Biggest Threat to Profitability,” Food Safety Magazine, October 2012, https://www.foodsafetymagazine.com/signature-series/recall-the-food-industrys-biggest-threat-to-profitability.
82. The Association of Food, Beverage, and Consumer Products Companies, “Capturing Recall Costs: Measuring and Recovering the Losses,” October 2011, https://www.gmaonline.org/file-manager/images/gmapublications/Capturing_Recall_Costs_GMA_Whitepaper_FINAL.pdf.
83. World Health Organization, “Substandard and Falsified Medical Products,” January 31, 2018, http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/substandard-and-falsified-medical-products.
84. Ben Hirschler, “Tens of Thousands Dying from $30 Billion Fake Drugs Trade, WHO Says,” Reuters, November 28, 2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pharmaceuticals-fakes/tens-of-thousands-dying-from-30-billion-fake-drugs-trade-who-says-idUSKBN1DS1XJ.
85. Giselle A. Auger, “Trust Me, Trust Me Not: An Experimental Analysis of the Effect of Transparency on Organizations,” Journal of Public Relations Research, August 2014, 26, no. 4 (2014): 325–43.
86. Charlie Arnot, “Transparency Is No Longer Optional: How Food Companies Can Restore Trust,” Forbes November 30, 2015, https://www.forbes.com/sites/gmoanswers/2015/11/30/transparency-no-longer-optional.
87. Chip Reid and Jennifer Janisch, “Wounded Warrior Project Accused of Wasting Donation Money,” CBS News, January 26, 2016, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/wounded-warrior-project-accused-of-wasting-donation-money.
88. Edelman, “2018 Edelman Trust Barometer Global Report,” 2018, https://www.edelman.com/sites/g/files/aatuss191/files/2018-10/2018_Edelman_Trust_Barometer_Global_Report_FEB.pdf.
89. Ibid.
90. Soroush Vosoughi, Deb Roy, and Sinan Aral, “The Spread of True and False News Online,” Science, March 9, 2018, https://science.sciencemag.org/content/359/6380/1146.
91. David M. J. Lazer, et al., “The Science of Fake News,” Science, March 9, 2018, https://science.sciencemag.org/content/359/6380/1094.full.
92. Lion Gu, Vladimir Kropotov, and Fyodor Yarochkin, “The Fake News Machine: How Propagandists Abuse the Internet and Manipulate the Public,” Trend Micro, https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-fake-news-machine-how-propagandists-abuse-the-internet.pdf.
93. Supasorn Suwajanakorn, Steven M. Seitz, and Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman, “Synthesizing Obama: Learning Lip Sync from Audio,” ACM Transactions on Graphics 36, no. 4 (2017), http://grail.cs.washington.edu/projects/AudioToObama/siggraph17_obama.pdf.
94. Warren, Sheila. Discussion with the author. October 2018.
95. Shana Lynch, “What Matters Most to Top Business and Political Leaders,” December 26, 2016, https://stanford.io/2uCtkTi.
96. Baker, Jessi. Discussion with the author. July 2018.
97. Smolenski, Natalie. Discussion with the author. July 2018.
98. Accredited Online Colleges, “Fake Schools, Fake Degrees: Avoiding Diploma Mills,” http://www.accredited-online-college.org/avoiding-diploma-mills.
99. Smolenski, Natalie. Discussion with the author. July 2018.
100. World Bank Group, “Identification for Development, Strategic Framework,” January 25, 2016, http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/21571460567481655/April-2016-ID4D-Strategic-RoadmapID4D.pdf.
101. Laura Shin, “The First Government to Secure Land Titles on the Bitcoin Blockchain Expands Project,” February, 2017, Forbes, https://www.forbes.com/sites/laurashin/2017/02/07/the-first-government-to-secure-land-titles-on-the-bitcoin-blockchain-expands-project.
102. Alexis C. Madrigal, “Reading the Privacy Policies You Encounter in a Year Would Take 76 Work Days,” The Atlantic, March 1, 2012, https://www.theatlantic.com/tec
hnology/archive/2012/03/reading-the-privacy-policies-youencounter-in-a-year-would-take-76-work-days/253851.
103. Claire Wolfe, “Little Brother Is Watching You: The Menace of Corporate America,” 1999, https://web.archive.org/web/20000823041233/http://www.loompanics.com/Articles/LittleBrother.html.
104. Gartner, “Gartner Says 8.4 Billion Connected ‘Things’ Will Be in Use in 2017, Up 31 Percent from 2016,” February 7, 2017, https://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3598917.
105. Paul Lewis, “‘Our Minds Can Be Hijacked’: The Tech Insiders Who Fear a Smartphone Dystopia,” The Guardian, October 6, 2017, http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/oct/05/smartphone-addiction-silicon-valley-dystopia.
106. Brian Fung, “Move Deliberately, Fix Things: How Coinbase Is Building a Cryptocurrency Empire,” Washington Post, May 17, 2018, https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/move-deliberately-fix-things-how-coinbase-is-building-a-cryptocurrency-empire/2018/05/17/623d950c-587c-11e8-858f-12becb4d6067_story.html?utm_term=.ab563e234455.
107. Evans, Tavonia. Discussion with the author. July 2018.
108. Magid Media, “Magid Media Futures,” 2017, http://www.entmerch.org/digitalema/ema-annual-digital-forum-/magid-media-futures-present.pdf.
109. https://www.smithandcrown.com.
110. Magid Media, “Magid Media Futures Study.”
111. Timothy Moreym, Theodore Forbath, and Allison Schoop, “Customer Data: Designing for Transparency and Trust,” Harvard Business Review, May 2015, https://hbr.org/2015/05/customer-data-designing-for-transparency-and-trust.
112 Teixeira, Thales S. Discussion with the author. May 2018.
113. Scott, Ned. Discussion with the author. August 2018.
114. Ibid.
115. Brendan Eich, “How to Fix the Web,” filmed November 2016 at TEDxVienna, video, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlcnOr81lPc.
116. Lisa Gevelber, “Micro-Moments Now: 3 New Consumer Behaviors Playing Out in Google Search Data,” Think with Google, July 2017, https://www.thinkwithgoogle.com/consumer-insights/micro-moments-consumer-behavior-expectations.
117. David Court, et al., “The New Battleground for Marketing-Led Growth,” McKinsey Quarterly, February 2017, https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/marketing-and-sales/our-insights/the-new-battleground-for-marketing-led-growth.
118. Teixeira, Thales S. Discussion with the author. May 2018.
119. Thales Teixeira, “The Rising Price of Attention,” Economics of Attention, http://www.economicsofattention.com.
120. Sunil Gupta, “For Mobile Devices, Think Apps, Not Ads,” Harvard Business Review, March 2013, https://hbr.org/2013/03/for-mobile-devices-think-apps-not-ads.
121. Sarah Perez, “Majority of U.S. Consumers Still Download Zero Apps per Month, Says comScore,” TechCrunch, August 25, 2017, https://techcrunch.com/2017/08/25/majority-of-u-s-consumers-still-download-zero-apps-per-month-says-comscore.
122. ANA and White Ops, “Bot Baseline Report 2016–2017,” May 2017, https://www.whiteops.com/bot-baseline-report-2016-2017.
123. Juniper Research, “Ad Fraud to Cost Advertisers $19 Billion in 2018, Representing 9% of Total Digital Advertising Spend”, September 26th, 2017, https://www.juniperresearch.com/press/press-releases/ad-fraud-to-cost-advertisers-$19-billion-in-2018.
124. Colloquy, “The 2017 Colloquy Loyalty Census,” June 29, 2017, https://www.loyalty.com/home/insights/article-details/2017-colloquy-loyalty-census-report.
125. Colloquy, “The 2015 Colloquy Loyalty Census,” February 10, 2015, https://www.loyalty.com/home/insights/article-details/the-2015-colloquy-loyalty-census-big-numbers-big-hurdles.
126. David Court, et al., “The New Battleground for Marketing-Led Growth,” McKinsey Quarterly, February 2017, http://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/marketing-and-sales/our-insights/the-new-battleground-for-marketing-led-growth.
127. Bond Brand Loyalty, “The 2016 Bond Loyalty Report,” https://info.bondbrandloyalty.com/hubfs/Resources/2016_Bond_Loyalty_Report_Executive_Summary_US_Launch_Edition.pdf.
128. Verbin, Elad. Discussion with the author. July 2018.
129. Trent McConaghy, “Can Blockchains Go Rogue?” Medium, February 27, 2018, https://blog.oceanprotocol.com/can-blockchains-go-rogue-5134300ce790.
130. Mary Meeker, “Internet Trends 2017,” Code Conference, May 31, 2017, https://www.kleinerperkins.com/perspectives/internet-trends-report-2017.
131. Erickson, KJ. Discussion with the author. August 2018.
132. James Glasscock, “Here Come the Tiny Gorillas,” Medium, May 30, 2018, https://medium.com/thisisdna/here-come-the-tiny-gorillas-d15378889bf2.
133. Ipsos Connect, “The YouTube Generation Study,” November 2015, commissioned by Google.
134. Susan Sorenson and Amy Adkins, “Why Customer Engagement Matters So Much Now,” Gallup Business Journal, July 22, 2014, http://news.gallup.com/businessjournal/172637/why-customer-engagement-matters.aspx.
135. Clippinger, John Henry. Discussion with the author. August 2018.
136. Pamela Vagata and Kevin Wilfong, “Scaling the Facebook Data Warehouse to 300 PB,” April 10, 2014, https://code.fb.com/core-data/scaling-the-facebook-data-warehouse-to-300-pb.
137. Michael Lesk, “How Much Information Is There in the World?” https://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse590s/03au/lesk.pdf.
138. Brian Barrett, “What Would Regulating Facebook Look Like,” Wired, March 21, 2018, https://www.wired.com/story/what-would-regulating-facebook-look-like.
139. Coravos, Andy. Discussion with the author. May 2018.
140. Gartner, “Gartner Says 8.4 Billion Connected ‘Things’ Will Be in Use in 2017, Up 31 Percent from 2016,” February 7, 2017, https://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3598917.
141. Daniel Greenwood et al., “The New Deal on Data: A Framework for Institutional Controls,” in Privacy, Big Data, and the Public Good: Frameworks for Engagement, ed. Julia Lane et al. (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2014).
142. Ibid.
143. Ibid.
144. Demirors, Meltem (@Melt_Dem), “while this headline is cringe-worthy, this use case is a fascinating one with so much surface area for attack. self-sovereign identity *sounds* good but the implementation will likely be the battle of our lifetime.” August 27, 2018, 8:43 AM. Tweet.
145. Peter Norvig, Google Zeitgeist, 2011.
146. KPMG, “Building Trust in Analytics,” 2016, https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/xx/pdf/2016/10/building-trust-in-analytics.pdf.
147. Harvard Business Review Staff, “With Big Data Comes Big Responsibility,” Harvard Business Review, November 2014, https://hbr.org/2014/11/with-big-data-comes-big-responsibility.
148. Ibid.
149. Patil, DJ. Discussion with the author. July 2018.
150. Gartner, “Gartner Survey Finds Chief Data Officers Are Delivering Business Impact and Enabling Digital Transformation,” December 6, 2017, https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2017-12-06-gartner-survey-finds-chief-data-officers-are-delivering-business-impact-and-enabling-digital-transformation.
151. Timothy Moreym, Theodore Forbath, and Allison Schoop, “Customer Data: Designing for Transparency and Trust,” Harvard Business Review, May 2015, https://hbr.org/2015/05/customer-data-designing-for-transparency-and-trust.
152. Rani Molla, “Mary Meeker’s 2018 Internet Trends Report: All the Slides, Plus Analysis,” May 30, 2018, http://www.recode.net/2018/5/30/17385116/mary-meeker-slides-internet-trends-code-conference-2018.
153. Tim Berners-Lee, “One Small Step for the Web,” Medium, September 29, 2018, https://medium.com/@timberners_lee/one-small-step-for-the-web-87f92217d085.
15
4. Heck, Rouven. Discussion with the author. July 2018.
155. McConaghy, Trent. Discussion with the author. July 2018.
156. Ibid.
157. Kaili, Eva. Discussion with the author. June 2018.
158. Tyson O’Ham, “OpenBazaar in Depth: Interview with COO Sam Patterson,” Bitcoinist, January 28, 2016, https://bitcoinist.com/openbazaar-in-depth-interview-with-coo-sam-patterson.
159. Lazooz.org, August 2018.
160. James Glasscock, “Here Come the Tiny Gorillas,” Medium, May 30, 2018, https://medium.com/thisisdna/here-come-the-tiny-gorillas-d15378889bf2.
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