Klamath Lake Massacre, 137–40
Know-Nothings, 290–92
presidential election of 1856, 299, 310–11, 325, 329, 330, 336
Lajeunesse, Basil, 185, 353
Second Expedition, 60
Third Expedition, 113, 115, 133–34
Klamath Lake Massacre, 136–37, 185, 328
land grants, 117, 222–23, 254, 264–65, 272
Larkin, Thomas O., 124–27, 224, 254
California Convention, 228
Conquest of California, 134–35, 144–45, 160–61
John and Castro’s expulsion order, 128–31
John’s initial meeting with, 124–25
John’s purchase of Las Mariposas, 222–23
letters about California, 125–26, 144–45
Las Mariposas
Benton’s attempted sale, 264–65, 301
gold mining, 223, 225, 226–27, 248, 337
legal issues, 234, 264–65, 272, 288
purchase from Alvarado, 222–23
Lawrence, Kansas, sacking of, 304–5
Lee, Elizabeth Blair “Lizzie Lee,” 286, 294
Jessie’s letters, 170, 172, 259, 271, 277, 283, 302, 328, 329, 330, 334
presidential election of 1856, 302, 327–30, 334, 336–37
Lee, Robert E., 14, 24, 342, 346
Leese, Jacob, 157
Leidesdorff, William, 122–23, 124–25, 219
L’Enfant, Pierre, 176
Lewis and Clark Expedition, 14, 25, 28
Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass, 320
Lincoln, Abraham, xxiv, 205, 352
Civil War and, 341–46, 350, 351
nativism and Know Nothings, 291–92
presidential election of 1856, 330–31
presidential election of 1860, xxviii, 341, 350
Senate election of 1858, 340–41
slavery and, 87, 330–31, 342–43
Lincoln-Douglas debates, 340–41
Lind, Jenny, 312
London, 264, 265–66
Los Angeles, 126, 160, 218, 221
Battle of, 172, 222, 348–49
Louisiana Purchase, xix, 14, 26–27, 28, 30, 232
Lowell, Massachusetts, xxvi–xxvii
McDowell, James, 30–31
McGehee, Micajah, 197, 198–99
McLean, John, 298
Madison, Dolley, 88
Madison, James, 88
Magoffin, James Wiley, 148, 151
Maine, 232
manifest destiny, xxii–xxiii, 94, 112–13, 248, 254
Mariposa County, 1850 population, 227
Mariposa Creek, 223
Mariposa estate. See Las Mariposas
Martin, Thomas S., 111, 132–33, 138–39
Maryland, 335
Mason, Richard, 391n
Mazatlán, Mexico, 123, 134–35, 147, 161
M’Clintock, Mary, 244
Mélo (guide), 77
Memoirs of My Life (Frémont), 351–52
Memphis, El Paso and Pacific Railroad, 347
Merritt, Ezekiel, 154–55
Mexican-American War, 143–76. See also California Campaign
capture of Sonoma, 154–59, 165–66
declaration of war, 166, 167
Jessie’s letter, 147–51
John’s court martial and resignation, 176–82
Pacific Squadron, 159–63, 165, 166–67, 189–90
Military Academy, U.S. (West Point), 13–14, 36, 173
Militia Act of 1862, 342–43
Mint, U.S., 249
Mission District, 257
Mississippi, 220, 229, 252
Mississippi River, 14, 24
Missouri, 28–30, 275
during Civil War, 345
House of Representatives elections of 1854, 286–87, 291
Senate election of 1852, 256–57
Missouri Compromise, 30, 232, 275, 292, 295, 329–30
Missouri River, 14, 28, 330
Miwok Indians, 222–23
Monitor, USS, 343
Monterey, 147–48, 151–52, 154
Capture of (1842), 124
Capture of (1846), 159–63
John’s meeting Larkin, 124–26
Monterey California architecture, 125
Monterey Convention of 1849, 219–20, 227–36
Mormons, xxii, 99, 241, 279–81, 285–86
Morse, Samuel F. B., 91–92, 102, 189, 298
Mount Rushmore, 352
Mount Shasta, 120, 133, 143
Mount Vernon, 288
Murray-Douglass, Anna, 86, 243
Musical Fund Hall, 312
Nantucket Island, 293–95
Napoleon III, 243
Natchez, USS, 10–11, 343
National Convention of Colored Citizens (1843), 85–87, 243
National Era (newspaper), 268–69
National Road, 23–24
National Women’s Rights Convention (1856), 336
Native American Party, xxvi, 102–3, 289, 291
Native Americans. See Indians
nativism, 289–93, 313, 341
Nat Turner’s Rebellion, 30
Nauvoo, 99
Neal, Samuel, 132, 133–34, 153
Nebraska Territory, 275, 284–85, 292, 299, 302–3
New England Emigrant Aid Company, 303
New Mexico Territory, 208–9, 241, 245
New York Crystal Palace, 273
New York Herald, 49–50, 67–68, 93–94, 99, 102, 106–7, 125, 178, 183–84, 204, 273, 274, 306, 310, 311, 312, 314, 321, 336
New York Mirror, 316, 332
New York Philharmonic, 311
New York Post, 213, 214, 218, 220, 296, 299–300, 306, 323–24, 350
New York Public Library, 350
New York Sun, 193
New York Times, 265, 273
New York Tribune, 70, 284, 298, 304, 310–11, 314, 332, 333, 335
Nicollet, Joseph, 14–17, 37, 39, 116, 181, 277, 327, 353
Niles’ National Register, 108–9
North Star, 243, 244–45, 270
Northup, Solomon, 193
Nullification Crisis, 9–10
O’Farrell, Jasper, 158
Ohio Constitution, 228
Ohio River Valley, 11–12
Order of the Star-Spangled Banner, 290
Oregon (ship), 211–13
Oregon, Third Expedition, 133–40
Oregon Question, xxii, 39–42, 50, 68–69, 105, 106, 111–12, 146, 330
Oregon Trail, 14, 40–42, 56, 69–71, 72–73, 352
Oregon Treaty of 1846, 146
Osage Indians, 196
Ostend Manifesto, 274
O’Sullivan, John L., xxii, 112
Owens, Richard, 113, 178
Pacific Mail Steamship Company, 201, 202, 211–14, 223, 252, 396n
Pacific Railroad Survey, 351
Pacific Squadron, 159–63, 165, 166–67, 189–90, 191
Palmer, Cook and Company, 280–81
Palm Springs, 221–22
Panama, 192–95, 200–204, 210–14, 252, 265, 337
Panama (ship), 213–14, 217–18, 220
Panama City, 202–4, 210–14
Paris, 264, 268, 271–72, 350
Parker Hotel (San Francisco), 218
Parkman, Francis, 69–70
Parowan, 279–81, 285–86
Peacemaker accident of 1844, 87–89
Pendleton, Indiana, riot, 86–87
Pennsylvania, 332
presidential election of 1844, 101–2, 103
presidential election of 1856, 332,
335
Peters, T. C., 184–85
Philadelphia nativist riots, 101–2
Pierce, Franklin
Bleeding Kansas, 285, 303, 313
presidential election of 1852, 270, 272
presidential election of 1856 and, 296, 298–99
slave law and, 309–10
Pilgrim’s Progress, The (Bunyan), 182–83
Pittsburgh Evening Chronicle, 324
Platte River, 41, 50, 56–57, 59
Poinsett, Joel R., 9–11, 13, 14–15
Point Pinos, 162
Polk, James K., xxii
Blair and, 295–96
expansionist policy of, 104–7, 111–13, 180
California, 95, 106–9, 113, 134–35, 136, 191
Oregon boundary, 106, 111–12, 113, 146
Texas annexation, 94–95, 101–5
inauguration, 84, 105–6
Jessie and, 167–71, 174–75, 177, 180
John’s court-martial and resignation, 174–75, 177, 180
Mexican-American War, 165–66, 167–71, 174–75, 177–78
presidential election of 1844, 94–95, 101–4
presidential goals of, 112–13
Polk, Sarah Childress, 170
Ponce de León, Juan, 38
Populus fremontii, xxiv
Portsmouth Square, 219–20, 259, 260
Post, Amy, 244
Potawatomi Indians, 145
presidential election of 1824, 20
presidential election of 1828, 22
presidential election of 1844, 92–95, 101–4
presidential election of 1852, 270–71, 272
presidential election of 1856, xxii, xxiii–xxiv, 293–306, 308, 310–37
Academy of Music event, 333–34
American (Know-Nothing) Party nominee Fillmore, 299, 310–11, 325, 329, 330, 336
attacks on John’s character, 322–28
Benton and, 301–2, 329–30
Blair’s role, 294–97
Democratic Party nominee Buchanan, 298–99, 315–16, 321, 331–32, 334–35
electoral map, 331–32, 334–36
Jessie’s role, xxiii–xxiv, 293–95, 299–302, 311–12, 315–19, 323–25, 329, 333–34, 336–37
John’s life story and credentials, 299–301
Republican National Convention, 311–15
slavery and, 293, 295–96, 298–99, 302–6, 309–11, 314–15, 318–22, 331
presidential election of 1860, xxviii, 341, 350
Preston, William, 292
Preuss, Charles, 110, 113–14
background of, 47
death of, 351–52
First Expedition, 47, 49, 51, 53–55
Fourth Expedition, 185, 197, 206–7, 221–22, 351
Jessie’s memoir and, 351–52
Pacific Railroad Survey, 351
Second Expedition, 59, 71–75, 77
Princeton, USS, 87–89, 111–12, 113, 166, 343
Princeton University, 334–35
Profiles in Courage (Kennedy), 344
Proue, Raphael, 205–6
Pryor, Anne, 3–5, 8, 9, 150, 325
death of, 176–77
John’s illegitimate birth, 3–4, 299–300, 325
“race,” xxv–xxvi
Rancho Las Mariposas
Benton’s attempted sale, 264–65, 301
gold mining, 223, 225, 226–27, 248, 337
legal issues, 234, 264–65, 272, 288
purchase from Alvarado, 222–23
Red River, 108, 269
Report on an Exploration, 56–59, 67, 68–70
Republican Association of Washington, 296
Republican National Convention (1856), 311–15
Republican Party, presidential election of 1856, xxii, xxiii–xxiv, 296–97, 330–34
Republic of Texas, 29–29, 40, 89–91
rheumatism, 276–77
Richmond Dispatch, 321
Riley, Bennet, 219
Ringgold, Cadwalader, 214
Rio Grande, 90, 161, 165–66
Rio Grande Valley, 197–98
Roberts, George S., 102
Robinson, Charles, 303–4
Robinson Crusoe (Defoe), 149
Rochester, New York, 243–44
Rockbridge County, 19
Rocky Mountain Glee Club, 304–6, 333
Rogers, James, 60
Rogers, Thomas Jefferson, 60
Roosevelt, Theodore, 344, 352
Royal Geographical Society, 149, 266
Sacramento River, 76, 118, 122
Sacramento River Massacre, 132–33
Sacramento River Valley, 131–32, 133
Sagundai, Jim, 142, 276, 353
carrying of letter, 143–44, 384n
Third Expedition and, 114, 116, 138, 140
Sagundai’s Spring, 116
St. Louis, xix–xx, xxi, 14–15, 18, 23–26, 47–48, 59–60, 110–11, 276–77
St. Louis Enquirer, 27, 29–30
St. Louis riot of 1854, 286–87
St. Mary’s College (Baltimore), 16, 327–28
St. Nicholas Hotel (New York City), 292
Salt Lake City, 279
San Diego, 172–73, 189–90, 190
San Francisco, 217–21, 223–24, 252–53
San Francisco Fire of 1851, 260
Sangre de Cristo Mountains, 196–97
San Joaquin River, 122
San Jose, 224–26
San Juan Mountains, 188, 198, 204–8
San Rafael, 157–58
Santa Clara Valley, 127
Santa Cruz, 127–28
Saunders, Jackson, 206, 221–22, 224–25
Savannah, Georgia, 3–4
Savannah, USS, 161–63
Scott, Dred, 339–40
Scott, Winfield, 237, 270, 290
Second Expedition (1843–1844), 59–64, 70–82, 95–99
assembling team, 59–60
Benton’s role, 59
media coverage, 98
report on, 96–99
Sioux encounter, 61–64
Senate Committee on Military Affairs, 17
Seneca Falls Convention, 244–45, 334
Serra, Junípero, 117
Severance, Caroline, 351
Seward, William Henry
during Civil War, 341, 343
Compromise of 1850, 242–43, 247–48
John’s gold-mining bill, 249–50, 251
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 285
presidential election of 1852 and, 270
presidential election of 1856 and, 296, 298, 311, 313, 321
sextant, 15, 42, 51
Sherman, Isaac, 300–301
Sherman, William Tecumseh
California Convention and, 228
during Civil War, 343
gold rush and, 190–91, 224
Jessie and, 223–24
meeting John in Monterey, 230–31, 391n
Siege of Los Angeles, 172, 222, 348–49
Sierra Nevada, 74–75, 98, 116
Sioux Indians, 58, 61–64, 71
slavery, xxvii–xxviii, 232–33, 268–72
Benton and, 29–30, 31, 90–91, 94–95, 104–5, 167, 232, 256–57, 275, 285, 301
California Convention and, 228–33
Civil War and, 341–46
Compromise of 1850, 241–43, 247–49, 269
Dred Scott v. Sandford, 339–40
Fugitive Slave Act, 241–42, 410n
Jessie and, 29–31, 167, 193–94, 224–25, 233, 256–57, 271–72, 286, 294, 301, 318–19
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 284�
�85, 292, 299, 302–3
National Convention of Colored Citizens (1843), 85–87, 243
Poinsett and, 9–10
presidential election of 1844, 101–2
presidential election of 1856, 293, 295–96, 298–99, 303–6, 309–11, 314–15, 318–22, 331–32
Texas annexation and, 89–91, 94–95, 104–5, 232
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 268–70
Sloat, John D., 160, 161–63, 165, 166
Smith, Gerrit, 319
Snake War, 344
Snyder, Jacob R., 233
Sonoma
capture of, 154–59, 165–66
Vallejo and, 117–18, 154–59
Sonora, 222, 250–51
South Carolina, 305–6, 341
Tariff of Abominations, 9–10
South Pass, 40, 41–42, 49, 51–52, 56
Spanish colonization, 44, 116–17, 150
Sphenopteris Fremonti, 98
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 324, 334
Stephens, Alexander H., 87
Stockton, Robert F., 111–12, 113, 180, 183
Mexican-American War, 166–67, 172–75, 189–90, 222
Peacemaker accident of 1844, 88–89
Stockton Street house, San Francisco, 253, 259–60
Stone, Lucy, 336
Story, Joseph, 235
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 268–70
Summer Lake, 74–75
Sumner, Charles, 304–6, 333
Sutter, John, 79–82, 118, 190–91, 223, 227, 228, 343
Sutter’s Fort, 79–82, 121–21, 160, 190–91
Swanok, 114
Tahoe, Lake, 116
Talbot, Adelaide, 63–64
Talbot, Theodore, xx, 62–64, 113, 129, 157
Taney, Roger, 288, 339–40
Taos, New Mexico, 198, 208–9
Taplin, Charles, 168–69
Tariff of Abominations, 9–10
tariffs, 9–10, 113
Taylor, Bayard, 225–26, 231
Taylor, Zachary, 220, 226, 229, 242
telegraph, xxvii, 91–94 189–190
Tennessee, 26, 40
Texas annexation, xxii, 89–91, 119, 125
Benton and, 90–91, 94–95, 104–5, 106
Calhoun campaign, 89–91, 240
Polk and election of 1844, 94–95, 104–5
Rio Grande border dispute, 165–66
slavery and, 89–91, 94–95, 104–5, 232
Texas Rangers, 239
Texas Revolution, 28–29, 40, 119
Battle of the Alamo, 130
Thayer, Eli, 303
Third Expedition (1845), 109–10, 113–19, 121–40
assembling men, 113–14
California, 116–17, 121–40
Castro’s expulsion order, 128–30, 131, 148, 151–52
on Gavilan Peak, 129–31
Gillespie’s messages to John, 134–37, 143–44
Jessie’s letter, 147–51
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