Fall and Rise

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Fall and Rise Page 67

by Mitchell Zuckoff


  30. “They did my job”: Flight 93 Memorial Oral History Transcript, interview with Kevin Nasypany, July 23, 2013, conducted by Donna Glessner.

  31. “The Americans lost some people”: Flight 93 Memorial Oral History Transcript, interview with Wallace Miller, July 19, 2007, conducted by Kathie Shaffer.

  32. “All you saw was debris”: Sara Rimer, “Public Lives: Where Death Mostly Tiptoes, It Rushed Violently In,” New York Times, Sept. 22, 2001.

  33. a single tooth and a piece of skull: Flight 93 Memorial Oral History Transcript, interview with Wallace Miller, July 19, 2007, conducted by Kathie Shaffer.

  34. Forty-eight samples: Eve Conant, “Terror: The Remains of 9/11 Hijackers,” Newsweek, January 2, 2009.

  35. “You’re seeing grass”: Interview with Terry Shaffer, May 9, 2018.

  36. “You have to call Janet”: Interview with Elaine Duch and Janet Cardwell, September 27, 2017.

  37. killed by the fireball: Until late 2017, Elaine Duch had never seen the form that nominated her for a civilian Medal of Honor from the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. The form stated: “The messenger she was to meet perished.”

  38. had just begun classes: Marsh & McLennan Companies, Tributes to Our Colleagues, Dominique Pandolfo, http://memorial.mmc.com/P/dominique-pandolfo.html.

  39. the families of Brian Clark and Stan Praimnath: Interviews with Brian Clark, October 5, 2017, and Stan Praimnath, October 4, 2017.

  40. eighteen people: NIST NCSTAR 1, WTC Investigation, pp. xxxiv and 105.

  41. “She may have jumped”: Interview with Jack Gentul, November 13, 2017. Gentul made similar comments to the makers of a 2006 documentary, The Falling Man.

  42. Jack sat weeping: Interview with Jack Gentul, November 13, 2017, and follow-up emails and phone calls.

  43. Edith Torres: Cecilia Lillo suffered another blow in 2017 when Lieutenant Edith Torres died from what FDNY and union officials described as 9/11-related cervical cancer. See Thomas Tracy and John Annese, “FDNY EMS Lieutenant, Who Helped Sept. 11 Victims While Off Duty, Dies of 9/11-Linked Cervical Cancer,” (New York) Daily News, Feb. 9, 2017.

  44. special edition of Newsweek: “America Under Attack,” Newsweek Extra Edition, September 13, 2001, pp. 16–17. NYPD Officer Moira Smith is visible in the background of the photo, by Jason Szenes of Corbis Sygma, although her face is obscured by red hazard tape.

  45. Bryan Craig Bennett: Unbylined story, “Boston College Remembers its 9/11 Victims,” The Heights, September 10, 2001, p. A4.

  46. previous worst day: David J. Krajicek, “Deadly 1966 Blaze Kills 12 Firefighters in Manhattan Building, Changes NYC Policy,” (New York) Daily News, October 23, 2016.

  47. the flag-draped remains of “Little Jimmy”: FDNY Deputy Chief (ret.) Jim Riches, “Firefighter Jimmy Riches: A Smiling Face That We Miss So Much,” FireRescue1.com, September 8, 2011.

  48. “strong, brave, caring, kind people”: Transcript from NBC News, “The Miracle of Ladder Company 6,” September 28, 2001.

  Index

  The pagination of this digital edition does not match the print edition from which the index was created. To locate a specific entry, please use your ebook reader's search tools.

  Abate, Richard, xxi

  ABC, 5

  coverage of 9/11 attacks, 91–92

  Abril, Roberto, 231, 293–94, 355–56, 410

  Abruzzo, John, 301

  ACARS messages, 66, 87, 119, 121–25, 149, 173, 174–75

  Adams, Christian, 187

  Adams, Paul, 230–31, 246, 293, 347–48, 356–59, 410, 421

  post-9/11 life, 448

  Afghanistan, 1, 2, 4, 5, 24, 25, 26, 58, 309, 384

  war in, 427, 436, 437, 439, 442

  AIM-9 missiles, 105–6, 172

  Airfone calls, 60–61, 87, 158–68, 175, 235, 433

  Air Force, U.S., 10, 291, 322, 395, 438

  Air Force One, 147, 183

  Airman’s Medal, 438

  Air National Guard, 19–22, 182

  air traffic controllers. See Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

  Akamai Technologies, 39

  al-Ouds, Hamburg, 23, 24

  al-Qaeda, xxi, 3–6, 24–30, 58, 102, 133, 137, 147, 174, 309, 391, 430, 435, 439

  American Airlines Flight 11 hijacking, 45–48, 60–80, 94–96, 111, 119, 126–28, 163, 186, 235–39

  American Airlines Flight 77 hijacking, 106–8, 120, 126–48, 186

  element of surprise, 111

  killing of bin Laden and, 427–28, 434

  planning of 9/11 attacks, 25–30, 110, 174

  United Airlines Flight 93 hijacking, 149–89, 384–85

  United Airlines Flight 175 hijacking, 81–93, 96, 119–20, 123–24, 186, 274–75

  See also hijackers

  Aman, George, 313–14, 379–80

  Ambrose, Dr. Paul, 100

  American Airlines, 11, 32, 47, 60, 103, 124, 129, 141, 353

  American Airlines Flight 11, xx, 9, 10, 12, 22, 31–48, 50–51, 81–83, 90, 107, 110, 118, 141, 143, 429, 435

  calls from passengers and crew, 61–63, 67, 74–78

  casualties, 79–80, 428

  crew, 31–34, 44, 45

  early media reports, 85–86, 94–96

  hijackers, 39–43, 60–80, 110–11, 163, 235

  hijackers enter cockpit, 75–76

  hijacking of, 45–48, 60–80, 94–96, 111, 119, 126–28, 163, 186, 235–39

  hits North Tower, 79–80, 83, 85–86, 95–96, 236–39, 266–68

  map of flight path, xvi

  map of impact on North Tower, xiv

  NEADS response, 68–73, 94–97, 118, 126–28, 186

  NORDO, 45–48

  passengers and boarding, 34–44

  radio messages from hijackers, 47, 63–66, 68, 74, 78–79, 81–82, 93

  security procedures and gaps, 39–44

  stabbings, 61, 62, 67, 75–77

  takeoff, 44–45

  American Airlines Flight 77, 14, 94–108, 110, 150, 432, 437

  calls from passengers and crew, 128–31

  casualties, 145–46, 428, 437

  crew, 101–2, 145

  early media reports, 146

  hijackers, 102–3, 110, 128–29, 132, 135, 144–45, 314, 316

  hijacking of, 106–8, 120, 126–48, 186

  hits Pentagon, 144–46, 156, 160, 162, 170, 180, 183, 184, 311, 313–16

  map of flight path, xvi

  NEADS response, 136–37, 141–44, 146–47, 186

  passengers and boarding, 97–103, 145–46

  security procedures and gaps, 102–3

  takeoff, 103

  American Express Tower, 352

  Anderson, James, 137

  Andreacchio, John “Jack,” 270, 329, 330, 450

  Andrews Air Force Base, 136, 140, 183

  Angell, David, 38

  Angell, Lynn, 38

  answering machine messages, 165, 295, 432

  antiwar groups, 436

  Aon Corporation, 233, 339, 340

  Apostol, Faustino, 40–56, 459

  Arabian Peninsula, 2

  Arabic language, 43, 153–55, 169, 171, 173, 176–80, 396

  Arestegui, Bobbi, 44, 45, 75

  Arizona, 26

  Arlington, USS, 439

  Arlington County Fire Department, 380, 381

  Arlington Hospital, 372

  Arlington National Cemetery, 143–44, 311, 313, 379, 380, 441

  Armstead, Ernest, 263–64

  Army, U.S., 2, 212, 213, 322

  Arnold, Larry, 72–73, 184

  Ashcroft, John, 130

  Associated Press, 139

  Atlantic Fleet, 439

  Atta, Mohamed, 22–30, 39–42, 44, 58, 88, 97, 110, 111, 117, 118, 134, 157, 179

  hijacking of American Airlines Flight 11, 45–48, 63–65, 75–79, 82, 93, 235, 249

  instruction letter, 29–30, 43, 117

  as leader of 9/11 attacks, 25–30, 110, 174

  security procedures an
d boarding, 39–44

  Atta, Mohamed (father of hijacker), 23

  Austin J. Tobin Plaza, 263, 334

  awards for 9/11 heroism, 438, 441

  Babakitis, Arlene, 253, 293, 294, 305, 353, 354, 401, 453

  Bacon, Bob, 411, 415

  Bailey, Garnet “Ace,” 52, 87, 92, 275

  Bailey, Kathy, 87

  Ballinger, Ed, 122–25, 149, 174–75, 185

  Bangladesh, 1

  Banihammad, Fayez, 58

  Barbuto, Christine, 37

  Barksdale Air Force Base, 183

  Barnes, Vanessa, 280–83

  Barnik, Mark, 150–51

  Barrett, Kevin, 294, 356, 410

  Basmala, 153

  Bavis, Mark, 52, 92

  Bay, Lorraine, 115, 187

  Bayonne, New Jersey, 447

  Beamer, Lisa, 113, 164–65

  Beamer, Todd, 113, 163–65, 171, 175–76, 187, 384, 395

  Beaven, Alan, Anthony, 187

  Beekman Downtown Hospital, 422

  Beilke, Max, 312, 313, 321, 442

  Beirut, 24

  Bennett, Bryan Craig, 455

  Bennett, Donald, 43

  Berenson, Berry, 35

  Betru, Dr. Yeneneh, 100, 145–46

  Beyea, Ed, 361

  Bible, 396

  Biggio, Terry, 93

  Bingham, Mark, 112–13, 160–61, 187

  bin Laden, Osama, 1–6, 24, 133, 147, 174, 189, 309, 343, 430

  fatwa of, 1–6, 25, 110

  killing of, 427–28, 434, 442

  9/11 attacks planned by, 25–27, 110, 174

  pre-9/11 terrorist attacks by, 2–6

  U.S. failure to anticipate 9/11 attacks, 3–6

  Birdwell, Brian, 379

  Bobbitt, Dave, 303, 304

  Bodley, Deora, 114, 187

  body parts. See human remains

  Boeing jets, 29, 43

  Boeing 707, 221

  Boeing 757, 97, 144–45, 180, 315, 392

  Boeing 767, 11, 33–34, 43, 50, 60, 78, 95, 97, 147, 235

  Bolourchi, Touri, 52, 92–93, 275

  Booker Elementary School, Sarasota, Florida, 138, 139, 147, 383

  Bosnia, 26

  Boston, xx, 9, 12, 22, 28, 29, 30, 32, 39, 42, 47, 111, 170, 420, 430

  evacuations, 170

  Boston Center, 46–48, 50, 60, 63–66, 68, 71, 73, 75, 76, 81, 82, 93, 95, 104, 108, 142, 172

  Boston Globe, xx

  “Six Lives,” xx–xxi, xxiii

  Boston Harbor, 32, 45

  Boston Medical Center, 434

  Boston University, xx–xxi, 13, 52, 55–56, 434

  Bottiglia, Dave, 82–84

  box cutters, 41, 130

  Bradshaw, Phil, 115, 167, 187

  Bradshaw, Sandra, 115, 159, 167, 187, 384, 395

  Brandhorst, Daniel, 51, 275

  Brandhorst, David Gamboa, 51, 92, 275

  Britton, Marion, 114, 166, 187

  Broad Street, 344

  Broadway, xviii, 251, 343, 402

  Brooklyn, 301, 402

  Brooklyn Bridge, 344

  Brown, Bernard, Sr., 97, 98, 145

  Brown, Bernard C. II, 97–98, 145, 314

  Brown, Patrick “Paddy,” 264, 406, 459

  Brown, Tim, 290

  Bucca, Ronald, 336–38, 339, 342

  Buddhism, 54

  Bueno, Dan, 69, 70

  Burke, William “Billy,” Jr., 350, 359, 360, 361, 459

  Burlingame, Chares “Chic,” 101, 107, 145, 437–38

  Burlingame, Debra, 437–38

  Burnett, Deena, 112, 158–59, 163, 165

  Burnett, Thomas E., 112, 158–59, 163, 165, 187

  Burns, Donald, 290, 335, 342

  Bush, George H. W., 115

  Bush, George W., 15, 106, 136

  addresses nation about 9/11, 139–40, 188–89, 383

  response to 9/11 attacks, 106, 137–40, 147–48, 155, 183, 187–89, 393, 421, 427, 443

  Bush, Laura, 443

  Butler, Billy, 248, 255, 400, 401, 403, 410, 411, 461

  Cairo, 23, 74

  Cairo University, 23

  Camaj, Roko, 332, 339, 343

  cameramen, 357–58

  Campbell, Tara, 121–22

  Canada, 19, 21, 147, 181

  Canal Street, 248, 250, 458

  evacuation below, 413–14

  cancer, 428

  Cantor Fitzgerald, 257, 455

  Capitol, U.S., 143, 174, 213

  evacuation of, 170

  as target of planes, 174, 178, 183, 188

  Card, Andy, 138, 139

  Carden, Martha, 312, 320, 321, 364, 365, 368, 373, 441

  Carlos R. Lillo Park, 454

  Carlton, Paul, Jr., 322, 366–67, 371, 438

  Carr Futures, 257

  Carson, Patty, 129

  Casey, Mike, 37

  Casey, Neilie Anne Heffernan, 36–37

  Casey, Riley, 37

  Cashman, William, 114, 187

  casualties, 9/11, 189, 277, 428–29

  American Airlines Flight 11, 79–80, 428

  American Airlines Flight 77, 145–46, 428, 437

  DNA proof, 279, 396–97, 431, 433, 444, 451, 456

  fallers and jumpers, see fallers and jumpers

  FDNY, 333–34, 342–43, 428, 452–54, 457–60

  identification of, 279, 397, 431, 433, 444, 451, 456

  list of names, 463–98

  of 9/11-related illnesses, 428

  North Tower, 237, 242, 256, 294, 417, 428

  NYPD, 342–43, 428, 459

  Pentagon, 315, 316, 428, 436–38, 441–42

  physical tokens of, 432–33, 437, 457

  post-9/11 lives of families, 427–61

  South Tower, 277, 333, 337, 341–43, 360, 428, 450–51

  toll from ground, 277, 428

  toll from planes, 189, 428

  United Airlines Flight 93, 187–88, 392–97, 428, 444

  United Airlines Flight 175, 92–93, 275, 428

  Caswell, William, 100, 145

  Catholicism, 348, 377

  CBS, 258

  Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 5, 27, 133, 428, 440

  chaplains, 143–44

  FDNY, 359

  Pentagon, 143–44, 376–77

  Charlebois, David, 101, 107

  Chechnya, 24, 26

  Chelsea Piers, 410, 421

  Cheney, Dick, 136

  response to 9/11 attacks, 136, 139, 147, 155, 183–86

  shootdown order, 183–86

  Cherry, Doug, 341

  Chicago, 87, 119, 122, 170, 225

  evacuations, 170

  Chinatown, 198, 199, 242, 248, 458

  Chopra, Deepak, 38, 195

  Chung, Wai-ching, 232–33, 261, 455

  Church Street, 276, 293, 347, 353, 354, 356, 358, 401

  Ciccolello, Joanne, 241

  City Hall, 402

  Clark, Brian, 204–6, 266–69, 271, 275, 278–79, 280, 284–87, 329, 330–35, 337, 338–39, 343–45

  post-9/11 life, 449–51

  Clark, Dianne, 205, 268, 331, 449

  Clark, Sarah, 98

  Cleveland, Grover, xvii, 188

  Cleveland Center, 108, 125, 150–52, 156, 170, 171, 181

  Clifford, Brigid, 194–95, 226, 352, 419, 455, 456, 457

  Clifford, Monica, 194, 195, 226, 352, 456, 457

  Clifford, Ron, 118–19, 155, 193–95, 219–20, 226–27, 231–34, 244–46, 361, 291–93, 348–49, 352–53, 418–20, 422, 454–57

  post-9/11 life, 454–57

  Clinton, Bill, 2, 16, 213

  Clinton, Hillary, 15, 16

  CNN, 85–86, 352

  coverage of 9/11 attacks, 85–87, 91–92, 95–96, 132, 139, 146, 162, 309, 409

  cockpit doors, one key entry to, 76

  code words, hijacking, 104, 123, 156

  Cold War, 21, 308

  Cole, USS, bombing of, 3, 27, 213

  Coll, Robert “Bobby,” 269, 275, 278, 284, 330, 450

  Coll, Ste
ve, Ghost Wars, xxii

  Collman, Jeffrey, 45, 77

  Combat Air Patrol (CAP), 106

  Common Strategy, 74–75

  Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System (CAPPS), 40, 102, 116

  Concourse, 225, 335, 346, 353, 354–55

  Congress, U.S., 15, 115, 170, 186, 323

  evacuation of, 170

  Coniglio, Jeff, 411, 415

  conservatism, 16

  Cooper, Joseph, 69, 70

  coroners, 386, 389–91, 393–94, 431, 444, 456

  Correa, Victor, 365

  Corrigan, Georgine Rose, 187

  Cosgrove, Kevin, 339–41, 343

  Cottom, Asia, 98

  Coughenour, Jeremy, 386

  Counterterrorism Center, 3

  Couric, Katie, 383

  Creamer, Colin, 36, 429, 430–31, 432

  Creamer, Gerry, 429, 430

  Creamer, John, 35, 36, 79, 429–32

  post-9/11 life, 429–32

  Creamer, Julie, 430, 431

  Creamer, Nora, 36, 429, 430, 431, 432

  Creamer, Tara, 35–36, 79, 429–32

  Crowther, Welles, xxi, 342. See also man in the red bandana

  Crusades, 1

  Cruz-Santiago, Juan, 377, 438

  C-SPAN, 14, 16

  Cushing, Patricia, 187

  Custer, Keith, 389

  D’Agostino, Sal, 248, 255, 290, 291, 400, 406, 410, 412, 415, 416, 460, 461

  Dahl, Jason, 116, 118, 120–25, 149–51, 157, 169, 174, 187

  Dahl, Matt, 116

  Dahl, Sandy, 116

  Dahler, Don, 91, 92

  Daniels, Kay, 138, 139

  Dar es Salaam, 2, 4

  Dateline, 459

  Debeuneure, James, 98

  deChatelet, Ted, 200, 201

  Defense Department, U.S., 68, 100, 157, 308, 439

  Defense of Freedom Medal, 441

  Delgado, Manuel, 356

  Delta Air Lines, 83, 147

  Delta Flight 1989, 147, 150, 172, 181

  DeLuca, Joseph, 114, 167, 188

  De Martini, Frank, 253–54, 295, 296, 297

  De Martini, Nicole, 254, 296, 297

  Demczur, Jan, 303

  dental records, 396, 444

  Department of Homeland Security, 440

  Devery, Jim, 337

  Diaz, Ericka, 230, 293, 357, 421

  Diaz, Moussa “Moose,” 203, 229–31, 235, 247, 293, 347–48, 356–59, 409–10, 321, 448

 

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