Fall and Rise

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Fall and Rise Page 69

by Mitchell Zuckoff


  Leavey, Joe, 337, 342

  Lebanon, 24, 116, 117

  LeBlanc, Andrea, 53–55, 92

  post-9/11 life, 435–36

  LeBlanc, Robert, 53–55, 92, 275, 435–36

  Lee, Daniel, 34, 79

  Lee, Dong Chul, 101

  Lemay, Dorry, 429

  LeRoy, Lauren, 116

  LeRoy, Melodie, 116

  “Let’s Roll” counterattack, 175–80, 187–88, 384, 392, 444, 445

  LeValley, David, 428

  Levin, Alisha, 271, 450

  Lewin, Daniel, 38–39, 43, 76, 77, 79, 111, 163

  Lewis, Bernard, 5–6

  Lewis, Charles, 311, 319, 320, 325, 327, 362

  Lewis, Jennifer, 101–2

  Lewis, Ken, 101–2

  Liberty Street, 281, 292, 335, 338, 418

  Lillis, Christian, 449

  Lillo, Carlos, 201–4, 229, 231, 234, 247, 252, 293–94, 304, 305, 353, 355–56, 401–3, 410, 421, 452–54

  Lillo, Cecilia, 201–4, 229, 231, 235, 247, 252–53, 294, 299, 304–5, 353–55, 401–3, 452–54, 459

  post-9/11 life, 452–54

  Lillo, Sandra, 203

  Lim, David, 263, 411, 415, 417, 459

  Lim, Diane, 415

  Lin, Carol, 85–86

  lock release order, 306

  Logan International Airport, xx, 9, 31–34, 39–40, 42–45, 55, 63, 65, 67, 111, 117, 420

  Lohr, Rick, 391

  London, 1, 74, 118

  Long, Steven, 325

  Lord’s Prayer, 164, 291, 454

  Los Angeles, 10, 11, 12, 34, 35, 50, 52, 58, 59, 94, 97, 185

  Low, Sara, 45, 67, 77

  Lower Manhattan, evacuation of, 413–14

  Lower Manhattan, map of, xiii

  Lyles, CeeCee, 16–18, 109–10, 115, 165–66, 167–68, 187, 384, 395, 432

  Lyles, Lorne, 17–18, 109–10, 165–66, 167–68, 187, 432

  Lynch, James T., 437

  Mace, 29, 43, 75, 89, 130

  MacKay, Doug, 27, 79

  MacKay, Susan, 37, 79–80

  Maffeo, Andrea, 301–2, 420–21, 422–23, 455

  Maffeo, Frances, 302, 420, 423, 455

  Maffeo, Jennieann, 232, 246, 261, 291–92, 301–2, 348–49, 352, 420, 422–23, 454–57

  death of, 455–56

  Maffeo, Sam, 455

  Maggett, Steve, 258

  Maher, Bill, 16, 94

  Makely, JoAnne, 161–62

  man in the red bandana, xxi, 277, 330, 337, 342

  Marchand, Alfred, 52–53, 93

  Marcin, Hilda, 114, 188

  Marine Corps, U.S., 322, 438, 439

  Marino, Kenneth, 256, 459

  Marquis, Craig, 62

  Marr, Robert, 71, 72, 73, 94, 96, 105, 128, 184

  Marrero, José, 330, 451

  Marriott World Trade Center, 219, 225, 232, 233, 246–48, 291–93, 420, 454, 456

  Marsh & McLennan, 200, 228, 257, 399, 409, 449

  Martin, Karen, 44, 45, 75

  Martinez, Robert Gabriel, 338, 342

  Martinez, Waleska, 114, 166, 188

  Maude, Timothy, 311, 312, 313, 442

  Maxfield, Betty, 312, 368, 369, 373, 441

  May, Nancy, 128–29

  May, Renée, 101, 128–29, 131, 146, 314

  May, Ron, 128–29

  McCourt, David, 194, 419, 455, 456–57

  McCourt, Juliana, 51, 92, 194, 195, 275, 419, 420, 454–57

  McCourt, Ruth Clifford, 38, 51, 194–95, 275, 348, 418–20, 454–57

  McDermott, Terry, Perfect Soldiers, xxii

  McGinn, William “Billy,” 199, 249, 459

  McGlynn, Jim, 411, 413, 415

  McGovern, William, 405

  McGraw, Father Stephen, 143–44, 376–77, 438

  McGuinness, Thomas, Jr., 34, 44, 45, 46, 48, 60, 75, 76

  McKinnon, William, 379

  McNair, Philip, 312, 313, 321, 368, 369, 370, 373, 441

  media, 4–6, 186

  cameramen, 357–58

  early reports on 9/11 attacks, 85–87, 91–92, 94–96, 121, 130, 132, 139, 146, 160, 162, 258, 260, 268, 293, 309, 310, 313, 341, 383, 388, 409

  failure to anticipate 9/11 attacks, 4–6

  9/11 families and, 434, 436, 445, 447, 449, 453, 455, 459–60

  on Pentagon, 381

  on South Tower collapse, 341

  See also specific publications and networks; television

  Meldrum, Mike, 248, 250, 251, 252, 255, 291, 410, 411, 415, 461

  Melendez-Perez, José E., 118

  memorials, 9/11, 431, 433, 434, 445, 446

  Mexico, 55

  Meyers, Daniel, 386

  Miami, 17

  Mihdhar, Khalid al-, 26–27, 102, 103, 132

  Miklaszewski, Jim, 383

  Millennium Hotel, 347, 358, 401

  Miller, John, 5

  Miller, Nicole Carol, 188

  Miller, Wally, 217–18, 386, 389–91, 393–94, 397, 344

  post-9/11 life, 444–45

  Miller, Wilbur, 389, 390, 393

  Miller, Wilma, 390

  Miller Funeral Home, 390

  Minter, Vanessa, 61, 62

  missiles, 2, 105–6, 132, 172

  “Missing” posters, 421, 428

  Mohammed, Khalid Sheikh, 25, 26, 27, 427–28

  capture and torture of, 427–28

  Mojica, Dennis, 256, 459

  Moncherry, Alwish, 410

  Monroe, New York, 448

  Moqed, Majed, 102, 103

  Morgan Stanley Dean Witter & Co., 224, 272–73, 336, 342

  Morrell, Mike, 137

  Morris, Odessa, 312, 442

  Morrone, Fred, 304–5, 459

  Morse code, 351

  Motorola radios, 259

  Moussaoui, Zacarias, xxi, 133, 435

  trial of, 435, 457

  movies, 225–26

  Mueller, Robert, 139

  Muhammad, Prophet, 1

  Mulligan, Peter, 90

  multiple plane plot, 25–30, 74, 75, 84, 91, 93, 96, 110–12, 119–20, 126–28, 131, 133, 134, 147, 158, 159, 183–86, 249, 272, 443

  Murray, Ray, 258–59

  Murray Street, 276

  Murtagh, Sean, 85–86

  Muslim Brotherhood, 23

  Muslims, 1–2, 23–30, 54, 153, 171, 427, 438

  Nacke, Louis “Joey” II, 113–14, 187, 396

  Nairobi, American embassy bombing in, 2

  names of 9/11 victims, list, of, 463–98

  Nami, Ahmed al-, 117

  Napoleon Bonaparte, 1

  Nash, Daniel, 71, 72, 103, 106, 291

  Nasypany, Dana, 19, 22

  Nasypany, Kevin, 19–22, 69–72, 94–97, 103–6, 118, 126–28, 136–37, 141–43, 146–47, 155–56, 172–73, 181–85, 442

  post-9/11 life, 443–44

  National Geographic Society, 98

  National Military Command Center, 68

  National Park Service, 445, 446

  National September 11 Memorial & Museum, New York, 431, 433, 438, 449, 450, 463

  list of names, 463–98

  Reflection Room, 431

  Navy, U.S., 56, 210, 214, 215, 309, 310, 322, 323, 381, 438, 439

  Navy and Marine Corps Medal for Heroism, 438

  Navy SEALs, U.S., 427, 434

  NBC, 258, 383, 459

  coverage of 9/11 attacks, 383

  Nevins, Gerry, 256, 289, 459

  Newark, New Jersey, 16, 18, 28, 29, 30, 109, 116

  Newark International Airport, 16, 18, 109–10, 116–18, 174

  Newsweek magazine, 453

  New York, USS, 439

  New York Center, 81–84, 86, 90–91, 103–4, 108

  New York City, 65, 68, 74, 78, 79, 85, 88

  ban on flights, 103–4, 123, 185

  Building Code, 223–24

  construction of World Trade Center, 220–25

  evacuations, 170, 413–14

  Islamic cultural center proposal at Ground Zero, 438

  Lower Manhattan e
vacuation order, 413–14

  medical examiner’s office, 431, 433, 456

  “Missing” posters, 421, 428

  9/11 attacks, see North Tower; South Tower

  9/11 memorials, 431, 433

  post-9/11, 428, 431, 438

  See also specific buildings and streets

  New York Fire Patrol, 459

  New York Giants, xviii–xix

  New York Harbor, xvii, 232, 274

  New York Housing Authority, 219

  New York Police Department. See NYPD

  New York Post, 198

  New York State Department of Taxation, 277

  New York Stock Exchange, 206, 344, 345

  New York Times, xvii, xxiii, 4–5, 221, 444

  New York Waterway, 232

  Nicosia, Kathy, 33, 44, 45, 77

  9/11:

  aftermath, xx, 186, 425–61

  airport security procedures and gaps, 39–43, 102–3, 115–16

  American Airlines Flight 11 hijacking, 45–48, 60–80, 94–96, 111, 119, 126–28, 163, 186, 235–39

  American Airlines Flight 77 hijacking, 106–8, 120, 126–48, 186

  Bush’s response to, 106, 137–40, 147–48, 155, 183, 187–89, 383, 421, 427, 443

  Cheney’s shootdown order, 183–86

  choice of day for attack, 27–28

  communication failures on the ground, 259–65, 269–73, 306, 331–33, 359–61, 405, 443

  confusion and missed opportunities, 4–6, 27, 63–65, 86–87, 94–95, 111, 119–28, 131–35, 141, 142, 146, 156–57, 181–86, 259–65, 269–73, 331–33, 405, 443

  day before, 9–30, 193–208

  dust cloud, 343–44, 354–59, 408–9

  early media reports, 85–87, 91–92, 94–96, 121, 130, 132, 139, 146, 160, 162, 258, 260, 268, 293, 309, 310, 313, 341, 383, 388, 409

  element of surprise, 111

  events in the air, xx, 7–189

  events on the ground, xx, 191–423

  FDNY response, 241–44, 248–52, 255–64, 289–91, 293–94, 298–301, 306, 330, 333–41, 349–51, 359–61, 400–423

  ground level chaos, 346–61, 399–410, 416

  human remains, 256, 294, 316, 318, 380, 396, 431, 433, 437, 439, 444, 453, 456

  immediate aftermath of North Tower crash, 236–65, 266–75, 289–306, 346–61

  immediate aftermath of Pentagon crash, 316–28, 362–82

  immediate aftermath of Shanksville crash, 386–97

  immediate aftermath of South Tower crash, 274–88, 329–41

  list of victims’ names, 463–98

  map of flight paths, xvi

  map of impact on Pentagon, xv

  map of impact on World Trade Center, xiv

  memorials, 431, 433, 434, 445, 446

  multiple plane plot, 25–30, 74, 75, 84, 91, 93, 96, 110–12, 119–20, 126–28, 131, 133, 134, 147, 158, 159, 183–86, 249, 272, 443

  nationwide ground stop, 134–36, 148

  NEADS response, 68–73, 94–97, 103–6, 118, 126–28, 136–37, 141–44, 146–47, 155–57, 172–73, 181–86, 291

  North Tower collapse, 408–10

  North Tower hit by plane, 79–80, 83, 85–86, 95–96, 236–39, 266–78

  NYPD response, 260, 263–65, 280–83, 293–94, 405, 459

  Pentagon hit by plane, 144–46, 156, 160, 162, 170, 180, 183, 184, 311, 313–16

  planned by al-Qaeda, 25–30, 110, 174

  Shanksville plane crash and wreckage, 179–81, 184, 385–97

  South Tower collapse, 341–45, 346, 354–60, 387, 398, 404, 449

  South Tower hit by plane, 91, 96, 103, 108, 121, 123, 130, 132, 134, 138, 160, 265, 274–75, 289, 292, 293

  timeline of key events, 499–500

  United Airlines Flight 93 hijacking, 149–89, 384–85

  United Airlines Flight 175 hijacking, 81–93, 96, 119–20, 123–24, 186, 274–75

  U.S. government failure to anticipate, 3–6

  See also specific planes and locations

  9/11 Commission, xxiii, 438

  Final Report, xxiii

  9/11 Families for a Safe & Strong America, 438

  9/11 Memorial, New York, 431, 433, 438, 439, 450

  list of names, 463–98

  1993 World Trade Center bombing, 4, 25, 86, 196, 202, 205, 220, 226, 240, 245, 247, 248, 252, 259, 263, 268, 270, 272, 290, 296, 299, 332, 353, 404, 431

  9-1-1 emergency call system, xix, 28, 159, 160, 161, 162, 167, 230, 237, 262, 306, 331–33, 429

  calls from South Tower, 280–83, 331–33, 338, 339–41

  chaos in system, 331–33

  Shanksville, 385–89, 391

  NORDO, 45–48

  North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD), 19, 20, 68–69, 72, 157, 184, 185, 186

  North Cove Yacht Harbor, 226–27

  Northeast Air Defense Sector (NEADS), 19–22, 68–73, 157, 185, 186, 443

  confusion and communication failures, 119–27, 141, 142, 146, 156–57, 181–86, 443

  Domestic Events Network, 186

  post-9/11, 443–44

  response to 9/11 hijackings, 68–73, 94–97, 103–6, 118, 126–28, 136–37, 141–44, 146–47, 155–57, 172–73, 181–86, 291

  Northeastern University, 434

  North Tower, xx, 79–80, 225

  10th floor, 406

  12th floor, 416

  19th floor, 404

  27th floor, 349, 350, 359, 361

  44th floor, 411

  64th floor, 252, 294, 299, 300, 405

  76th floor, 297

  77th floor, 297, 298

  78th floor sky lobby, 297, 304

  83rd floor, 259

  88th floor, 196, 227, 234, 239–41, 253–55, 295–97, 448

  90th floor, 297

  92nd floor, 237

  93rd floor, 257, 268

  98th floor, 404

  99th floor, 200, 228, 236, 399

  104th floor, 404, 455

  106th floor, 237, 258

  antenna, 225, 352

  broken windows, 258

  burn victims, 239–41, 245–46, 255, 291–92, 298, 301, 305, 346–48, 352, 420, 422–23, 447, 455

  casualties, 237, 242, 256, 294, 417, 428

  collapse of, 408–10

  communications failures, 259–65, 306, 359–61, 405

  construction of, 220–25, 254

  day before attacks, 195–204

  dust cloud, 408–9

  elevators, 236–38, 247–48, 259, 295, 296, 302–4, 350–52, 398–99, 408, 409, 413

  evacuees, 255, 257, 260–61, 294–306, 346–61, 398–418

  fallers and jumpers, xx, 251, 260–61, 263–64, 268, 292, 294, 349, 352, 374

  FDNY response, 241–44, 248–52, 255–64, 289–91, 293–94, 298–301, 306, 335, 336, 349–51, 359–61, 400–423

  fire, 85–86, 95, 120, 155, 238–41, 247, 249–57, 260–65, 404–5, 407

  ground level chaos, 346–61, 399–410, 416

  hit by plane, 79–80, 83, 85–86, 95–96, 236–39, 266–68

  hours before plane crash, 219–35

  immediate aftermath of assault, 236–65, 266–75, 289–306, 346–61

  impact zone and damage, 236–39, 276

  lobby, 245, 246, 255–56, 260, 289, 300, 306, 346–48, 351, 353, 354, 359, 399, 457

  lock release order, 306

  map of impact on, xiv

  messages to loved ones from, 237

  NYPD response, 260, 263–65, 293–94, 405

  Port Authority response, 253, 254, 257–59, 262–65, 299–300, 305, 353, 405

  public address system, 260, 261

  radio calls for help, 254, 257–58, 259–60

  reserve capacity, 237–38

  rooftop rescues ruled out, 260, 306, 332

  secondary effects of crash, 238–65, 266–75

  Security Command Center, 306

  sprinkler system, 251

  Stairwell B survivors, 349–51, 359–61, 407–18, 457–61

  stairwells, 237, 238, 253, 254, 25
8–61, 264, 276, 291–306, 349–50, 359–61, 405–18

  Norton, Jacqueline, 34

  Norton, Robert, 34, 79

  nuclear power plants, 150

  nuclear weapons, 308

  Nunez, Evelyn, 67

  NYPD, 155, 260, 332, 458

  casualties, 342–43, 428, 459

  communication failures, 405

  Emergency Service Unit, 263

  helicopters, 405

  1993 WTC bombing rescues, 332

  North Tower response, 260, 263–65, 293–94, 405

  rivalry with FDNY, 260

  South Tower response, 280–83, 335

  See also specific officers

  O’Brien, Danielle, 106, 135–36

  O’Brien, Steven, 140–42, 146, 180–81

  Oelschlager, Doug, 199, 228, 336, 342, 459

  Offutt Air Force Base, 188

  Ogonowski, Caroline, 10, 79

  Ogonowski, John, 9–12, 31–34, 37, 44, 45, 46, 48, 60, 75, 76, 79, 435

  Ogonoswki, Laura, 9, 10, 79

  Ogonowski, Mary, 10, 79

  Ogonowski, Peg, 9–12, 31, 33, 79

  post-9/11 life, 435

  Oklahoma City bombing (1995), 315

  Olaes, Dalisay, 312, 368, 369, 441, 442

  Olender, Christine, 257–58

  Oliver, Darrell, 375–76

  Olson, Barbara, 14–16, 94, 97, 130–31, 145, 314, 432

  Olson, Ted, 15–16, 94, 130–31, 145, 432

  Omari, Abdulaziz al-, 28, 30, 39–44, 76

  O’Neill, John, xxi, 343

  One World Trade Center, xviii, 431

  Ong, Betty, 32–33, 45, 60–63, 65, 66, 74–79, 90, 103, 118, 188

  Oppenheimer Funds, 331

  Orlando International Airport, 118

  Ortiz, Pablo, 296

  Otis Air National Guard Base, 21, 68, 69, 71, 72, 80, 95, 96, 104, 118, 185, 291

  Otis Elevator Company, 208, 222

  Ottoman Empire, 1, 28

  Pakistan, 1, 25, 46, 427

  raid on bin Laden compound, 427

  Palmer, Orio, 199, 259–60, 290, 335–38, 339, 342, 459

  Pandolfo, Dominique, 200, 228, 449

  paramedics, 202–4, 231, 246, 255, 293–94, 346, 353, 355–56, 401–3, 417, 452–54, 459

  post-9/11, 452–54

  See also specific paramedics

  Paris, 226

  passports, 26, 39

  PATH train, 227, 257, 355, 413

  PBS, 5

  Pearl Harbor, attack on, xix, 127, 189, 310, 322

  Pecchinenda, Al, 198

  Penn Station, 335

  Pennsylvania Turnpike, 388

  Pentagon, 68, 135, 144–46, 211, 307–28, 436–43

  AE Drive, 308, 316, 318, 320, 322–28, 362, 367, 369–73, 376

  A Ring, 308, 365

  B Ring, 308

  burn victims, 316, 365, 368, 373, 376–77, 438, 443

  casualties, 315, 316, 428, 436–38, 441–42

  Center Court, 308, 372, 374

 

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