by James Tobin
Beach, Stanley, 279
Beale, Truxton, 171
Beard, Luther, 211, 236
Bedloe’s Island, 345, 350
beekeeping, 213
Bell, Alexander Graham, 22, 31, 268–73, 271, 330, 331, 358, 360–61
about the Wright brothers, 263
and AEA, 274–77
and Glenn Curtiss, 333
and flying, 250, 252–53
and Augustus Herring’s company, 332
and man-made butterfly, 198
and publicity for AEA, 276
and Helen Keller, 252
and Samuel Langley, 4, 5, 7–8, 250, 251, 252–53, 330–31, 360–61
and Simon Newcomb, 251, 252
and tetrahedral forms, 254–60, 286
and Wright brothers’ patent, 277–78
as Smithsonian regent, 187
at Harry Champlin’s racetrack, 286
at Samuel Langley’s funeral, 244–45
at New York Automobile Show, 242
bird study, 250
experimental kites, 253, 257
gigantic kites, 164–65
home in Nova Scotia, 251, 252
home in Washington, 248
intellectual restlessness, 250
invention of telephone, 248
kite flying and law of gravity, 252
man-carrying kite, 257
patents for AEA aeroplanes, 329
research money for Langley, 114, 142
self-doubt, 249
supported Langley, 198
taught deaf students, 249
tetrahedrons, 254–60
to Casey Baldwin, 277, 278
to Orville Wright, 319
Bell, Alexander Graham and Mabel, 232, 249–60
dinner with Samuel Langley, 241
Bell, Mrs. Alexander Graham (Mabel), 246, 247–49, 257, 323–27
and development of AEA, 268–72
and funding of AEA, 270
and Glenn Curtiss, 334
from Samuel Langley about test, 180
Belmont, August, 347
Berg, Hart, 336, 337
and French contract, 273
and Eugéne Lefebvre, 359
and Orville Wright, 268, 301
at Flyer tests in France, 295, 306
special pass system, 311
to Orville Wright, 301
Berri, William, 344
Besançon, Georges, 301
bicycle craze, 45
Billman, C. S., 235
Birdflight as the Basis of Aviation (Lilienthal), 129
bird study, 372, p. 3; 386, p. 146; 387, p. 146
Alexander Graham Bell, 241, 250
Samuel Langley, 63–64
Otto Lilienthal, 49
Amos Root, 216
Wright brothers, 146–47
Wilbur Wright, 3, 53, 54–55, 165
Bishop, Courtlandt Field,
manufacturing aeroplanes, 331, 332, 333
Blériot, Louis, 309, 310, 340, 341–42
and monoplanes, 268
and Wilbur Wright, 301
at Flyer tests in France, 306
at Rheims, 339
crossing English Channel, 339
Bollée, Leon, 295, 301–2
bolometer, 14
Bordeaux air show, 359
box kites, 253–54
Brashear, John, 59, 200–201
Brescia, Italy, 342
Brewer, Griffith, 302
Brinkley, W. C., 190
British Army’s Balloon Section, 223
Brooklyn waterfront, 345, 349
Brooklyn Bridge, 345, 355
bucking-and-pitching problem, 75
butterfly as model of flight, 256
Buttermilk Channel, 349
Cabot, Samuel and Godfrey Lowell, 227
California Arrow dirigible, 207, 312
Camp d’Auvours flight tests, 309, 311, 319
Capitoline Museum, 337
Capper, Brevet Lieutenant Colonel John Edward, 223, 227
Carlyle, Thomas, 5, 10
Castle Williams, 350
catapult launch, 210
Cayley, George, 67
center of gravity, 53, 54, 64, 108–9
center of pressure, 53, 54, 64, 108–9, 130
The Century, 293, 294
Champlin, Harry, racetrack owned by, 285
Chanute, Octave, 64–71, 88, 117, 153, 154, 241, 242
and Alexander Graham Bell, 329
and Ferdinand Ferber, 202
and French aviation, 228, 229
and Alexandre Goupil, 230
and Lawrence Hargrave, 201
and Augustus Herring, 152–53
and Samuel Langley, 28, 29, 153–54, 201
and lateral balance, 53, 54
and Charles Manly, 154, 157
and Wilbur Wright, collaboration claim, 267
and Wright brothers, 144–45, 161, 163, 360
article in Revue Générale des Sciences, 208–9
as author, 51
as informal clearinghouse, 66
as publicist, 161
at Fort Myer test, 318, 322, 324
biplane design, 68
bird study, 65, 66
Dayton visit, 94–95
discussing Wilbur Wright, 162
early life, 65
envy of Wright brothers’ achievements, 201, 202
from George Spratt, 105
from Wilbur Wright, 69–71, 130
glider, 74
Katydid, 68
1901 glider test visit, 111, 115, 116
1901 glider tests, 88
1902 glider tests, 153
1903 glider tests, 183–84
snowed-out visit to Wright brothers, 239
speech at Aéro-Club, 162
successful flying machine, 31
to Wright brothers, 160
Western Society of Engineers, 120
Chicago Tribune, 185, 195, 199–200
Chopawamsic Island, 168
Christian Conservator, 206
Cincinnati Post, 236
circling manuever, 218–20, 284, 307
City Club, 290
Claudy, C. H., 314, 318
Clemenceau, Prime Minister Georges, 337
Clement Autocyclette engine, 167
Clermont, 354
Clime, W. S., 320–22
clinometer, 95, 106
Cockburn, George, 341
Collier, Robert, 294
Collier’s article about Kitty Hawk (1908), 294
Collier’s Weekly, 281, 283, 353
control, and front elevator, 149, 150
control demonstrated in 1902 test glides, 153
controlling aeroplane, 218–19
control problems (1902 tests), 151–52
Coquelle, Robert, 240
Corazza, Aldo, 238
Cosmos Club, 313
Coupe Internationale d’Aviation Gordon-Bennett, 340. See also Gordon Bennett Cup
Cox, James M., 211
Crumpacker, Edgar, 244
Curtiss, Glenn, 275, 341–43
AEA, 271–72, 274
Aero Club sponsorship, 333
aeronautical prize offerings, 329–30
and Alexander Graham Bell, 333
and Mabel Bell, 334
and California Arrow dirigible, 312–13
and future of flight, 325–26
and Gordon Bennett Cup, 341–43
and Augustus Herring, 330
and Hudson-Fulton Celebration, 344–53, 354
and Douglas McCurdy, 333
and patent infringement, 301, 353
and White Wing, 287–88
and World War I, 363
and Wright brothers, 247
at Fort Myer Flyer tests, 315, 318
building AEA engines, 328–29
flying June Bug, 297, 298, 299, 300
gyroscope system of balance, 332, 333
Hudson-Fulton route, 348
JN model, 363
manufacturing experience, 332
multimillionaire, 363
partnership to manufacture aeroplanes, 331
reasons for leaving AEA, 333
sale of Golden Flyer, 338,
short flights in New York City, 348, 354
wing-warping testimony, 277
winning Gordon Bennett Cup, 343
work atmosphere on Governors Island, 346
Curtiss, Mrs. Glenn (Lena), 329, 330, 331
Custis, Mary Anne Randolph, 311
Cygnet I, 259, 273, 328
Cygnet II, 328, 329, 330
test, 331, 334
Daily Mail, 329
Daily Mirror, 310
Daniels, John, 145–46, 190, 191, 193
d’Annunzio, Gabriele, 342
“Dans mon Aéroplane” (song), 338
Darcey, C. H., 166
Dayton, Ohio, 1, 2, 3, 44–45, 338
Dayton Daily News, 132, 194, 211, 236, 289, 291
Dayton Evening Item, 44
Dayton Herald, 318
Dayton Journal, 194, 211, 236, 291, 318
Dayton, Springfield, Urbana Railroad, 219
Dayton West Side News, 44
Delagrange, Leon, 309, 310
and Deutsch-Archdeacon Prize, 268
and Henri Farman, 278
and flights in Rome, 280, 295
and Wilbur Wright, 280–81
crashed in Bordeau, 359
Deutsch-Archdeacon Prize, 209, 229, 268
Deutsch-Archdeacon trial, 278
dihedral angle of wings, 165
dirigibles
airships, 304
flights of Alberto Santos-Dumont, 135, 162
Dorsey, N. W., 233
Dosher, John, 193
Dough, W. S., 190
drag, 75, 359
Drake, 355
drift, 75, 82, 121, 122
drift and birds, 146, 147
drift balance, 127–28
Drome No. 5, 328, 329
East River, 355
Edison, Thomas, 67
Edward VII, King of England, 337
Eiffel Tower, 134, 135
elevator, 280
controls, 131, 149
Elizabeth City, North Carolina, 101, 145, 282
Ellis, Ed, 235, 236
Ellis Island, 345, 350, 354
The Empire of the Air (Mouillard), 66
Endriss, Mr., 166
Esnault-Pelterie, Robert, 228, 277
Etheridge, A. D., 189, 190
experimental kites, 253
Experiments in Aerodynamics (Langley), 51, 129
eyewitness accounts of flights, 235
Fairchild, David, 241, 315
to the Bells, 298, 299
Fairchild, Daisy, 297, 298,
to the Bells, 299
Farman, Henri, 268, 342
airplane and AEA’s, 275
and Ernest Archdeacon in France, 295
and Michelin Prize, 325
and Wilbur Wright, 301
at Brighton Beach, 303, 304, 310, 315
challenge to Wright brothers, 288
with Leon Delagrange, 278
Feight, George, 182
Ferber, Ferdinand, 162, 163, 164
and Octave Chanute, 202
letter from Wilbur Wright, 240
motorized gliders, 209–10
figure 8 maneuver, 235, 309, 310
first successful public flight, 276
first two-passenger flight, 278
fixed-wing planes and Chanute, 162
Flaminian Way, 337
flight, mechanical, 18
Flint, Charles, at Fort Myer, 322, 324
Charles Flint & Company, 265, 266, 267, 285, 290, 293
Flyer, at Fort Myer, Virginia, 300
“Flying as a Sport—Its Possibilities,” 238–39
Fordyce, Arnold, 336
fore-and-aft balance, 75, 110, 111, 112
fore-and-aft movements, 149
Fort Myer, Virginia, 300
flight test, 273, 285, 311–22, 339
Fort Whipple, 311
forward rudder controlled by hand lever, 234, 235
Foster, Colonel Hubert, 228
Foulois, Lieutenant Benjamin, 312
Fouts, Bill, 235
France
aeronautics, 290
as market for the Flyer, 262, 264
aviation, 228–30, 393, p. 208
contract with Wright brothers, 279
contract to train pilots, 335
Flyer flight tests, 305–9, 325
patents granted for flyer
Wilbur Wright’s demonstration, 295–97, 301–2
French aero-enthusiasts, 219
French aviation, 208–9
and Wright brothers, 239–40
front elevator and control, 149, 150
Frost King, 258
Fuller, R. Buckminister, 254n
Fulton, Robert, 330, 344
Furnas, Charlie, 322
at Kitty Hawk, 280, 284, 285
Gardner, Gilson, 281, 283
Gasnier, René, 308
Germany
as market for Flyer, 262
government of, 335
patents granted for Flyer in, 265
Gibbs-Smith, Charles, 163
Gilbert, Cass, and Wilbur Wright, 356–57
Gildersleeve, Basil L., 24
Gilman, Daniel Coit, 17, 201
Gleanings in Bee Culture, 212, 213, 214, 215, 220, 394, p. 220
Glennan, Keville, 194
gliders, 50, 52
beginning with, 67
construction (1902), 138–39
fixed vertical tail, 131
Lilienthal, 74
1902, 147, 148
testing as kites, 71
wing curvature, 74–75
wing size, 74–75, 76
wing shapes tested, 127
Golden Flyer, 338, 341
Goode, George Brown, 26–27, 61, 62
Goodrich, Julia, 201, 242, 245
Gordon Bennett, James, Jr., 329, 340–41
Gordon Bennett Cup, 333, 340–42
Goupil, Alexandre, 230
Governors Island, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 355
Grand Hôtel Gassion, 337
Grand Prix d’Aviation, 209
Grande Semaine de l’Aviation de la Champagne, 339–42
Grant’s Tomb, 345, 348, 355
gravity, and birds, 146, 147
Gray, Asa, 19–20
Gray, James, 194
Great Britain,
as market for Flyer, 262
aviation in, 278
Green, Darius, 104–5, 216
Griscom, Lloyd Carpenter, 337
Hale, George Everett, 14
Hale, Edward Everett, 232, 244
half-circle maneuver, 210, 211, 308, 317
Half Moon, 354
Hammondsport, New York, 271, 272, 275
hand-held toy flyers, 21
Hare, James, 281, 283
Hargrave, Lawrence, 253–54
Harlem River, 355
Haskell, Henry, 363, 364
Hawthorn Hill, 361
Hawthorn Street, 7, 1, 2, 3
Hay, John, 5, 232
Hazel, Judge John R., 353
Henry Cabot Lodge, 227
Herrick, Mary, 243
Herring, Augustus, 153, 154, 273, 291, 297
and Octave Chanute, 152–53
and gyroscope for stability, 312
and Samuel Langley, 152, 153
and Hiram Maxim, 152
and Wanamaker’s store, 347
blackmail threat, 196
experimental glider, 67, 68, 69, 144
manufacturing aeroplanes, 331
Herring-Curtiss Company, 353
hip cradle, 131, 152, 218
HMS Inflexible, 355
horizontal elevator, 275
horizontal rudder (1905), 234
horizontal rudder, 75, 82, 218, 308
glider tests
(1901), 107, 108, 109–10, 112
glider tests (1902), 154
Hornblower and Marshall, 187
hot-air balloons, 133, 161
hovering, 147
Hubbard, Gardiner Greene, 27
Hubbard, Mabel Greene, 247–49, 257. See also Bell, Mrs. Alexander Graham
Hudson, Henry, 330, 344
Hudson River, 345, 348, 355, 356
Hudson-Fulton Celebration in New York City, 329–30, 344–53, 354–56
Huffaker, Edward,
1901 glider tests, 88, 94, 101–2, 106–13
thermal air currents theory, 102
Huffman Prairie, 203, 204, 205
powered flight (1904), 210, 221
powered aeroplane tests (1904), 205–7
Flyer test flights (1905), 260
Flyer tests (1905), 234–37
Huffman, Torrence, 203, 206
at Huffman Prairie, 235, 237
Hull, John, 244
Hume, David, 99
Hunaudières racetrack, 306
Illustrierte Aeronautische Mitteilungen, 303
The Independent, 303
Ingersoll, Robert, 213
inherent aeroplane stability, 219
internal combustion engine for aerodrome, 140
International Herald-Tribune, 341
Italian government, 335
Jamestown Tercentennial Exposition, 265–66
Johnson’s Encyclopedia, 250
Journal of Western Society, 132
June Bug, 298, 300, 330, 332
Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse, 336
Kaiser Wilhelm II, 262, 263, 338
Kansas City Star, 363
Kapferer, Henri, 309
Karr, William, 60, 233
Kayler, Carrie, 194, 336
Keiter, Millard Fillmore, 136–38, 231
Kidder, Jerome Henry, 114, 142
Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina, 85, 101, 102, 280, 282
Kill Devil Hills (1903), 177–79, 182–84, 186
Kipling, Rudyard, 5
Kitty Hawk, North Carolina,
Flyer flight tests (1908), 279–80
Flyer tests (1911), 359
glider tests (1900), 79–85
glider tests (1901), 100–13
glider tests (1902), 140, 145–48, 149–56
glider description (1902), 147, 148
glider tests (1903), 177–79, 182–84, 186, 189–92, 193
La Locomotion, 164
L’Aerophile, 164, 209, 230, 240, 264, 301, 310
Lahm, Frank, 240–41
Lahm, Lieutenant Frank, Jr., 271, 273 318, 324, 325
Lake Keuka, 275–76
Lamson, Charles, 144, 153
Lancaster, Israel, 18
Langley, John, 242, 245
Langley, Samuel Pierpont, 4–5, 6, 7–29, 57–64, 71–73, 241, 359, 360–61
after aerodrome’s failure, 231–32
and Charles Abbot, 60
and aerodrome, 165–66, 167, 168, 169
and balance, 231
and Alexander Graham Bell, 61
and John Brashear, 200–201
and Thomas Carlyle, 372–73, p. 7
and Octave Chanute, 28, 153–54
and Chicago Tribune, 199–200
and coup against, 201
and factor of safety, 140–41
and fire walkers, 97–99