‘Holidays in Costa Rica,’ Part III, Harper’s Monthly Magazine, Vol. XX, February 1860.
‘The New Route through Chiriqui,’ Harper’s Monthly Magazine, Vol. XXI, January 1861.
‘Some Letters of Meagher to Captain James R. O’Beirne,’ American-Irish Historical Society Journal, Vol. 30, 1932.
Murray, Frank, ‘The Irish and Afro-Americans in US History,’ Freedomways, Vol. 22, No. 1, 1982.
O’Donnell, Ruan, ‘General Joseph Holt,’ in Bob Reece (ed.), Exiles from Erin, Dublin, 1991.
O’Farrell, Patrick, ‘Whose Reality?: The Irish Famine in History and Literature,’Historical Studies, April 1982.
O Gráda, Cormac, ‘The Great Famine in Folk Memory and in Song.’ Unpublished at the time of writing, kindly provided by author.
O’Keefe, Colonel Cornelius, ‘Rides through Montana (Thomas Francis Meagher),’ Harper’s Monthly Magazine, Vol. XXVII, October 1867.
O Laighin, Pádraic, ‘Grosse-Ile: The Holocaust Revisited,’ in Robert O’Driscoll and Lorna Reynolds (eds), The Untold Story: The Irish in Canada, Toronto, 1988.
O’Neill, Tim, ‘The Persistence of Famine in Ireland,’ in Cathal Póirtéir (ed.), The Great Irish Famine, Dublin, 1995.
Owens, Garry, ‘Hedge Schools of Politics: O’Connell’s Monster Meetings,’ History Ireland, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1994.
Patrick, Dr P. Ross, ‘From Convict to Doctor,’ the Clem Mack Memorial Oration, Royal Historical Society of Queensland, Vol. XI, No. 2, 1981.
Petrow, Stefan, ‘Judas in Tasmania,’ in Richard Davis et al. (eds), Irish-Australian Studies, Papers Delivered at the Irish-Australian Conference, Hobart, 1995.
Robertson, Sir Rutherford, The Three Societies Lecture: Penal Settlement to High Technology and the Future, Canberra, 1988.
Salaman, Redcliffe N., FRS, ‘The Influence of the Potato on the Course of Irish History,’ Tenth Finlay Memorial Lecture, Dublin, 1943.
Sarbaugh, Timothy J., Post-Civil War Fever and Adjustment, dissertation, Gonzaga University, 1992.
Solar, Peter, ‘The Great Famine Was No Ordinary Subsistence Crisis,’ in Margaret Crawford (ed.), Famine: The Irish Experience, 900–1900, Subsistence Crises and Famines in Ireland, Edinburgh, 1989.
Toner, P. M., ‘The “Green Ghost”: Canada’s Fenians and the Raids,’ Eire-Ireland, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1981.
Walter, Dave, ‘Montana’s Sensational Petrified Man,’ Montana Magazine, March–April 1984.
Weir, Hugh W. I., ‘William Smith O’Brien’s Other Family,’ The Other Clare, Vol. 20, April 1996.
Whalen, James M., ‘ “Almost as Bad as Ireland”: The Experience of the Irish Famine Immigrant in Canada, Saint John, 1847,’ in Robert O’Driscoll and Lorna Reynolds (eds), The Untold Story: The Irish in Canada, Toronto, 1988.
Williams, Samuel C., John Mitchel, the Irish Patriot, Resident of Tennessee, East Tennessee Historical Society’s Publications, No. 10, 1938.
Word, Samuel, A History of the Democratic Party in Montana, in Joaquin Miller, An Illustrated History of the State of Montana, Chicago, 1894.
Yeats, William Butler, Thomas Davis Centenary Address, Oxford, 1947.
NEWSPAPERS PRINCIPALLY CONSULTED
Boston Pilot
Connaught Journal
Cork Examiner
Galway Advertiser
Galway Free Press
Hobart Courier
Irish American
Irish Citizen
Irish Exile
Irish Felon
Irish News
Irish People
Irish Times
Illustrated London News
Los Angeles Times
Melbourne Argus
Montana Democrat
Montana Post
Nation
New York Herald
New York Times
New York Daily Tribune
Southern Citizen
Sydney Gazette
Sydney Herald and, later, Sydney Morning Herald
Sydney Monitor
The Times of London
United Irishman
A line of convicts at the Hyde Park Barracks, Sydney. Despite their brutal depiction, was Australia redeeming them?
The convict shepherd, in his bush stupor, meets the natives. This style of bark hut is typical of the outstations in which convicts lived – a barrel provides the chimney Hugh Larkin never had in Ireland.
Thomas Meagher’s indulgent father, Lord Mayor of Waterford and Member of the House of Commons.
The Liberator, Daniel O’Connell.
O’Connell comes home from prison, 14 September 1844.
William Smith O’Brien. From a daguerrotype.
John Mitchel, clear-eyed revolutionary.
O’Brien’s birthplace: Dromoland Castle, County Clare, in its modern incarnation as a hotel.
Gentle John Martin, otherwise Knox, the unlikely rebel.
Eva Kelly, newly married to Kevin Izod O’Doherty.
Hugh Larkin’s ticket-of-leave.
Hugh Larkin’s conditional pardon rules out a return to any part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
Famine burial.
Woman begging at hard-hit Clonakilty in Cork, 1847.
The day after an eviction, late 1848.
The Famine endures: a house at Fahey’s Quay, Ennis, County Clare. The widow Connor and her dying child, 1849.
Famine desolation: the village of Tullig, 1849.
Judy O’Donnel’s habitation under the bridge at Doonbeg, County Clare, 1849.
One thread of smoke remains in the village of Moveen, 1849.
The central soup depot, Barrack Street, Cork.
Miss Kennedy, daughter of the Poor Law Inspector, distributes clothing at Kilrush, County Clare, 1849.
Bridget O’Donnel of West Cork, and her children, in the Famine’s fourth year. Illustrations suchs as this activated the British liberal conscience.
The affray at Widow McCormack’s house on Boulagh Common, 29 July 1948.
Smith O’Brien and Widow McCormack greet the besieged police.
O’Brien conveyed back to prison after bring sentenced to death, 9 October 1948.
O’Brien in the dock, Clonmel.
William Smith O’Brien (seated), with elegant Thomas Francis Meagher, the Governor of Kilmainham gaol and guard, autumn 1848.
Clonmel Courthouse. Here Young Ireland was condemned to death.
Swift, off Table Mountain, South Africa September 1849. On this ship the four State prisoners were carried into exile.
The mountains behind Hobart, with a distant view of the Derwent and the city, 1840s.
Sir William Denison, a strong will at war with skilful Smith O’Brien.
The firm but not entirely honourable Dr Hampton, Comptroller-General of Convicts in Van Diemen’s land, and later Governor of Western Australia.
Darlington Penal Station, Maria Island, after the convict era. ‘To find the gaol in one of the loveliest spots formed by the hand of nature … creates a revulsion of feeling which I cannot describe,’ wrote O’Brien.
The human railway, Tasman Peninsula.
The mastiffs of Eaglehauk Neck, which connects the Tasman Peninsula to the body of Van Diemen’s Land.
Dismal and lovely Port Arthur, Van Diemen’s Land.
Smith O’Brien’s cottage, Port Arthur.
Elwin’s Hotel, New Norfolk, home of the paroled O’Brien.
Bennie’s Irish highwayman father, Brian Bennett.
Bennie (Catherine Bennett), Meagher’s Vandemonian wife.
John Mitchel’s sketch of Meagher’s home, Lake Sorell, with the not-quite-to-scale Speranza near the pier.
Nicaragua Smyth (P.J. Smyth), schoolfriend of Meagher, gallant rescuer of Mitchel. From a watercolour by Edward Hayes, 1854.
Eva of the Nation. Her passport to travel to Paris with her husband, Kevin Izod O’Doherty, 1855.
The Famine remnants: natives of Donegal photographed in the 1870s.
The stock of
Irish convicts: Tom Larkin, born in the Monaro in 1844 of Hugh Larkin and Mary Shields, photographed with his daughter, Minne Mae Larkin, Sydney, c. 1920.
EVICTION: THE JUSTIFYING MEMORY
Planning the operation.
Moving in: a man shelters against the wall and behind the baulk, in expectation of thrown boiling water from the vanithee, the woman of the house.
The ram breaches the wall.
Smith O’Brien’s statue: the first nationalist monument raised by the Dublin Corporation.
Captain Thomas Francis Meagher, K Company, 69th New York State Militia, in Zouave’s uniform, 1861.
Corcoran directs ‘The Gallant Charge of the “69th”’ on the rebel batteries at the Battle of Bull Run, 21 July 1861.
General Meagher at the Battle of Fair Oaks, 1 June 1862. ‘The bayonet charge of the Irish Brigade, at this battle, was the most stubborn, sanguinary and bloody of modern times.’
The Battle of Fredericksburg, 13 December 1862. ‘This battle shows with what undaunted courage the lion-hearted Army of the Potomac always meets its foes.’
The Army of the Potomac marching through the ‘wilderness’ near Chancellorsville, 2 May 1863. Sketched by Edwin Forbes.
Kevin Izod O’Doherty: Eva’s beloved, at mid-life.
The Fenian headquarters move uptown to Union Square, New York.
The Fenian and Land War class. Dunlavin, County Wicklow.
The court martial of a Fenian soldier.
Cork Fenians, including John Kenealy, moved into the county gaol to guarantee a rural jury.
Mugshots: (Clockwise) John Boyle O’Reilly, unabashed; bright-eyed John Casey; wary John Kenealy; James Keilley, the man they left behind.
Fremantle and, distantly, its great white prison, where the Fenien prisoners were detained on their arrival in Western Australia, January 1868.
Bunbury, the Leschenauly Channel, and the Indian Ocean – scene of John Boyle O’Reilly’s escape.
General Meagher, about the time of his appointment to Montana in 1865.
Virginia City, Montana, in 1866. Perhaps vulnerable to Blackfoot attacks, as Meagher saw it.
The Governor’s residence, abutting a stone building in Idaho Street, Virginia City.
The ‘Acting One’s’ executive office, upper floor. Photographed in the 1870s by E.H. Train.
The other city: Helena, Montana. Photographed in the early 1870s by E.H. Train.
Elizabeth Meagher as a brave widow.
General Meagher wins the symbolism battle: an Irish legend clothed in Old Glory, 4 July 1905. Riding north towards Fort Benton.
The people of Sydney, ever adept at fireworks, welcome Prince Alfred’s Galatea.
A source of anti-Irish frenzy: the shooting of Prince Alfred by demented Henry O’Farrell, at Clontarf, near Sydney, in March 1868.
Ireland: labourer’s cottage, 1870s.
Australia: the convict-built pier, Fremantle.
America: grand parade in honour of the amnestied Fenians, including John Devoy and O’Donovan Rossa, New York City, 9 February 1871.
The escape of the Fenian prisoners. The melodrama of this version may have been encouraged by the inherent drama of the real escape in 1876.
Catalpa’s flag. Run up to protect the whaler.
Fenien’s rest: on the south coast of New South Wales lies John Goulding, beneath a Celtic cross.
Fenien’s rest: Los Angeles in 1885, and the dry-goods department store of Dillon and Kenealy, the People’s Store, centre left.
The Fenien as civic officer: John Kenealy, second from right, in his sixties, as City Treasury Clerk to W. H. Workman (centre), 1903.
THOMAS KENEALLY
Thomas Keneally has won international acclaim for his novels Schindler’s List (the basis of the movie and the winner of the Booker Prize), The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith, Confederates, Gossip from the Forest, The Playmaker, Woman of the Inner Sea, A River Town, Office of Innocence, and The Tyrant’s Novel. His most recent works of nonfiction are The Great Shame and American Scoundrel. He resides in Sydney, Australia.
Books by Thomas Keneally
Fiction
The Place at Whitton
The Fear
Bring Larks and Heroes
Three Cheers for the Paraclete
The Survivor
A Dutiful Daughter
The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith
Blood Red, Sister Rose
Gossip from the Forest
Season in Purgatory
A Victim of the Aurora
Passenger
Confederates
The Cut-Rate Kingdom
Schindler’s List
A Family Madness
The Playmaker
To Asmara
By the Line
Flying Hero Class
Woman of the Inner Sea
Jacko
A River Town
Bettany’s Book
Office of Innocence
The Tyrant’s Novel
Nonfiction
Outback
The Place Where Souls Are Born: The Journey to the Southwest
Now and in Time to Be: Ireland and the Irish
Memoirs from a Young Republic Homebush Boy: A Memoir
The Great Shame and the Triumph the Irish in the English-Speaking World
American Scoundrel: The Life of the Notorious Civil War General Dan Sickles
Lincoln
Commonwealth of Thieves
For Children
Ned Kelley and the City of Bees
Roos in Shoes
ALSO BY THOMAS KENEALLY
AMERICAN SCOUNDREL
The Life of the Notorious Civil War General Dan Sickles
Dan Sickles was a member of Congress, led a controversial charge at Gettysburg, and had an affair with the deposed Queen of Spain, among many other women. But the most startling of his many exploits was his murder of Philip Barton Key (son of Francis Scott Key), the lover of his long-suffering and neglected wife, Teresa. The affair, the crime, and the trial contained all the ingredients of melodrama needed to ensure that it was the scandal of the age. His life, in which outrage and accomplishment had equal force, is a compelling American tale, told with the skill of a master narrative.
Biography/978-0-385-72225-4
A COMMONWEALTH OF THIEVES
The Improbable Birth of Australia
In this spirited history of the remarkable first four years of the convict settlement of Australia, Thomas Keneally offers us a human view of a fascinating piece of history. Combining the authority of a renowned historian with a brilliant narrative flair, Keneally gives us an inside view of this unprecedented experiment from the perspective of the new colony’s governor, Arthur Phillips. Using personal journals and documents, Keneally re-creates the hellish overseas voyage and the challenges Phillips faced upon arrival: unruly convicts, disgruntled officers, bewildered and hostile natives, food shortages, and disease. He also offers captivating portrayals of Aborigines and of convict settlers who were determined to begin their lives anew. A Commonwealth of Thieves immerses us in the fledgling penal colony and conjures up the thrills and hardships of those first four improbable years
History/978-1-4000-7956-8
THE GREAT SHAME
And the Triumph of the Irish in the English-Speaking World
In the nineteenth century, Ireland lost half of its population to famine, emigration, and forced deportation to penal colonies in Australia for infractions as minor and common as stealing food. Keneally’s forebears were among the victims of that tragedy, and in The Great Shame he chronicles the Irish diaspora with all the authority of a brilliant historian and all the narrative grace of a great novelist. The result is a fresh, vivid saga of heroes and villains from Great Famine protest leaders to Civil War generals to great orators and politicians.
History/978-0-385-72026-7
OFFICE OF INNOCENCE
Marshalling the vast powers of narrative and historical recreation that he
brought to his international bestseller Schindler’s List, Thomas Keneally has created a moving and provocative novel about a headstrong young Catholic priest in World War II Australia. As Sydney braces itself for a Japanese invasion, Father Frank Darragh finds his pastoral duties becoming increasingly challenging. How should he counsel an AWOL black American soldier who may face death for his involvement with a white woman? And what should he say to another woman—the distressingly beguiling Kate Heggarty—who impresses him with her virtue even as she edges toward sin? When Kate is found murdered, Darragh falls under suspicion. And even if the police clear him, his superiors—and his own conscience—may not. Office of Innocence is a book that’s impossible to put down, dense with moral complexity and alive with period detail.
Fiction/978-1-4000-3095-8
ANCHOR BOOKS
Available at your local bookstore, or visit
www.randomhouse.com
FIRST ANCHOR BOOKS EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2000
The Great Shame: And the Triumph of the Irish in the English-Speaking World Page 97