58 RA VIC/MAIN/Z/90/49, Alix to QV, 2 June 1893.
59 Bing (1937), pp. 70–2, 24 June [OS]/6 July 1893.
60 RA VIC/ADDC6/1893: 5 July.
61 MB 21/1/Vol. 1, Recollections of Victoria, Marchioness of Milford Haven, p. 148.
62 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1893: 5 July.
63 Bing (1937), pp. 70–2, 24 June [OS]/6 July 1893.
64 LPL/Benson 130/376, M. and E. Bourne to Benson, 8 October 1893.
65 LPL/Benson 130/383, Pelly to Benson, 30 June 1894.
66 LPL/Benson 130/378, A. Hayes to Benson, 13 October 1893.
67 Chicago Daily Tribune, 8 December 1936.
68 Nicolson (1952), p. 200.
69 RA QM/PRIV/CC1/26, George to May, 3 July 1893.
70 Ibid.
71 RA QM/PRIV/CC5/21, May to George, 6 July 1893.
72 The Times, 7 July 1893.
73 New York Times, 7 July 1893.
74 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1893: 6 July.
75 RA VIC/ADDC6/1893: 6 July.
76 The Times, 7 July 1893.
77 New York Times, 7 July 1893.
78 Marie, Queen of Romania, The Story of my Life, London, Cassell & Co (1934), vol. 2, p. 60.
79 Ibid.
80 New York Times, 7 July 1893.
81 RA GV/PRIV/AA12/17, George to QV, 9 July 1893.
82 RA GV/PRIV/AA12/24, George to QV, 7 November 1893.
83 RA VIC/ADDU/173/182, QV to V of Battenberg, 24 September 1893.
84 Michael John Sullivan, A Fatal Passion: The Story of the Uncrowned Last Empress of Russia, New York, Random House (1997), p. 117.
85 Nicholas to Alix, 31 October [OS]/12 November 1893, cited in Maylunas and Mironenko (1997), p. 24.
86 Alix to Nicholas, 8 November [OS]/20 November 1893, cited in Maylunas and Mironenko (1997), pp. 24–5.
87 Simon Sebag Montefiore, The Romanovs, 1613–1918, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson (2016), p. 479.
88 Nicholas’s diary, 18 November [OS]/30 November 1893, cited in Maylunas and Mironenko (1997), pp. 24–5.
89 Nicholas to Alix, 17 December [OS]/29 December 1893, cited in Maylunas and Mironenko (1997), pp. 27–8.
90 RA VIC/MAIN/Z/90/56, Alix to QV, 14 October 1893.
91 St James Gazette, 8 November 1893.
92 G. R. Esenwein, Anarchist Ideology and the Working Class Movement in Spain, 1868–1898, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1989.
93 RA VIC/MAIN/Z/90/62, Ella to QV, 8 November [OS]/20 November 1893.
94 Ibid.
95 RA VIC/MAIN/Z/90/64, Ernie to QV, 18 December 1893.
96 RA VIC/ADDU/173/184, QV to V of Battenberg, 15 February 1894.
CHAPTER TEN NICHOLAS AND ALIX
1 Alix to Xenia, 30 March [OS]/11 April 1894, cited in Andrei Maylunas and Sergei Mironenko (eds), A Lifelong Passion: Nicholas & Alexandra, Their Own Story, London, Phoenix (1997), p. 35.
2 Edward J. Bing (ed.), The Letters of Tsar Nicholas and Empress Marie, London, Ivor Nicholson & Watson (1937), p. 74, 10 April [OS]/22 April 1894.
3 Robert K. Massie, Nicholas & Alexandra, London, Victor Gollancz, 1968, p. 32.
4 RA QM/PRIV/CC52/201, Francis of Teck to Princess M. Adelaide, 14 September 1892.
5 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1894: 3, 5, 10 and 14 April 1894.
6 Bing (1937), p. 75, 10 April [OS]/22 April 1894.
7 Ibid.
8 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1894: 14 and 17 April.
9 Marie, Queen of Romania, The Story of my Life, London, Cassell & Co (1934), vol. 2, p. 60.
10 Nicholas’s diary, 6 April [OS]/18 April 1894, cited in Maylunas and Mironenko (1997), p. 38.
11 Bing (1937), p. 75, 10 April [OS]/22 April 1894.
12 John C. G. Röhl, Wilhelm II, The Kaiser’s Personal Monarchy, 1888–1900, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press (2001), p. 498.
13 MB 21/1/Vol. 1, Recollections of Victoria, Marchioness of Milford Haven, p. 154.
14 Bing (1937), p. 76, 10 April [OS]/22 April 1894.
15 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1894: 14 and 17 April.
16 RA VIC/MAIN/Z/90/72, Alix to QV, 2 April 1894.
17 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1894: 20 April.
18 Maylunas and Mironenko (1997), pp. 42–3, 45, 49.
19 Morning Post, 21 April 1894.
20 Standard, 21 April 1894.
21 Reuters, 20 April 1894.
22 RA VIC/MAIN/Z/274/9, Benson to QV, 21 April 1894.
23 RA VIC/MAIN/Z/274/10, PM to QV, 30 April 1894.
24 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1894: 18 May.
25 Agatha Ramm (ed.), Beloved and Darling Child: Last Letters between Queen Victoria and her Eldest Daughter, 1886–1901, Stroud, Sutton Publishing (1990), pp. 167–8, Vicky to QV, 21 June 1894.
26 Ibid., pp. 179 and 183, Vicky to QV, 20 July 1895 and 14 November 1895.
27 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1894: 4 May and Alix to Nicholas, 22 April [OS]/4 May 1894, cited in Maylunas and Mironenko (1997), p. 54.
28 RA VIC/MAIN/Z/90/74, Alix to QV, 9 June 1894.
29 MB 21/1/Vol. 1, Recollections of Victoria, Marchioness of Milford Haven, p. 155.
30 QV to Nicholas, 6 June 1894, cited in Maylunas and Mironenko (1997), p. 64.
31 RA VIC/ADDU/173/187, QV to V of Battenberg, 25 May 1894.
32 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1894: 25 June.
33 Ibid., 29 June 1894.
34 Ibid., 17 and 31 July 1894.
35 RA VIC/ADDU/173/191, QV to V of Battenberg, 21 October 1894.
36 Alix to Nicholas, 11 September [OS]/23 September 1894, Nicholas to Alix, 1 and 11 September [OS]/13 and 23 September 1894, cited in Maylunas and Mironenko (1997), pp. 86, 87, 89.
37 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1894: 22 October.
38 Daily Telegraph, 5 November 1894.
39 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1894: 1 November.
40 Maylunas and Mironenko (1997), pp. 91, 97 and 99.
41 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1894: 2 and 5 November.
42 Ramm (1990), p. 172, QV to Vicky, 5 November 1894.
43 RA VIC/MAIN/Z/275/25, Ella to QV, 5/17 November 1894.
44 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1894, 13 and 15 November.
45 RA VIC/MAIN/Z/274/43, General Ellis, 26 November 1894.
46 Massie (1968), p. 44.
47 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1894: 19 November.
48 Ramm (1990), p. 173, QV to Vicky, 25 November 1894.
49 Massie (1968), p. 44.
50 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1894: 26 November.
51 RA VIC/MAIN/Z/274/55, Ella to QV, 19 November [OS]/1 December 1894.
52 RA VIC/MAIN/Z/90/78 and 81, Ella to QV, 26 March [OS]/7 April 1895 and 31 October [OS]/12 November 1895.
53 RA VIC/MAIN/Z/274/52, George to QV, 16 November 1894.
54 RA VIC/MAIN/Z/274/57, Alix to QV, 6 December 1894.
55 Nicholas’s diary, 26 November [OS]/8 December 1894, cited in Maylunas and Mironenko (1997), p. 109.
56 Count Egon Caesar Corti, The English Empress: A Study in the Relations between Queen Victoria and her Eldest Daughter, Empress Frederick of Germany, London, Cassell & Co (1957), p. 349.
57 Massie (1968), p. 63.
58 Marie, Queen of Romania (1934), vol. 2, pp. 65–6.
59 Ibid., p. 66.
60 Ibid., pp. 68 and 71.
61 Ibid., p. 71.
62 MB 21/1/Vol. 1, Recollections, p. 172.
63 Simon Sebag Montefiore, The Romanovs, 1613–1918, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson (2016), p. 499.
64 Marie, Queen of Romania (1934), vol. 2, p. 73.
65 Xenia’s diary, 19 May [OS]/31 May 1896, cited in Maylunas and Mironenko (1997), p. 139.
66 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1896: 3 and 4 June.
67 MB 21/1/Vol. 1, Recollections, p. 170.
68 MB 11/1/1, Victoria Battenberg’s notes on her reading.
69 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1896: 3, 6, 16 and 21 September.
70 Ramm (1990), p. 195, QV to Vicky, 26 September 1896.
71 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1896: 22 and 23 September.
72 Bing (1937), p. 118, 13 September [OS]/25 September 1896.
73 MB 21/1/Vol. 1, Recollections,
p. 243.
74 Röhl (2001), p. 789.
75 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1896: 8 January.
76 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1896: 5 January.
77 RA VIC/MAIN/Z/500/4, QV to Wilhelm, 4 January 1896.
78 E. F. Benson, The Kaiser and English Relations, London, Longmans, Green & Co (1936), p. 133.
79 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1896: 10 January.
80 Christopher Hibbert (ed.), Queen Victoria in her Letters and Journals, New York, Viking (1984), p. 333, 11 January 1896.
81 Röhl (2001), pp. 969–70.
82 MB 1/T/95 (F2), Report of Conversation of Tsar, L of Battenberg and Prince Lobanoff, 10 June 1896.
83 Corti (1957), p. 352.
84 Maylunas and Mironenko (1997), p. 145, Nicholas to QV, 10 October [OS]/22 October 1896.
85 Ibid., p. 154, Konstantin’s diary, 30 July [OS]/11 August.
86 RA VIC/MAIN/Z/90/86, Ella to QV, 3/15 February 1896.
87 Ibid.
CHAPTER ELEVEN ENA AND ALFONSO
1 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1897: 22 June.
2 St James Gazette, 23 June 1897.
3 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1897: 27 June.
4 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1897: 20 and 21 June.
5 St James Gazette, 23 June 1897.
6 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1897: 22 June.
7 St James Gazette, 23 June 1897.
8 MB 21/1/Vol. 1, Recollections of Victoria, Marchioness of Milford Haven, pp. 179 and 190.
9 St James Gazette, 23 June 1897.
10 RA GV/PRIV/AA12/46, George to QV, 24 October 1896.
11 RA GV/PRIV/AA12/43, George to QV, 17 February 1896.
12 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1896: 22 July.
13 A. N. Wilson, Victoria: A Life, London, Atlantic Books (2014), p. 549.
14 Miranda Carter, The Three Emperors, London, Penguin (2009), p. 241.
15 John C. G. Röhl, King Wilhelm II, 1859–1941: A Concise Life, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press (2014), p. 67.
16 John C. G. Röhl, Wilhelm II, The Kaiser’s Personal Monarchy, 1888–1900, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press (2001), pp. 925–6.
17 Agatha Ramm (ed.), Beloved and Darling Child: Last Letters between Queen Victoria and her Eldest Daughter, 1886–1901, Stroud, Sutton Publishing (1990), p. 206, QV to Vicky, 18 August 1897.
18 Ramm (1990), p. 210, Vicky to QV, 20 December 1897.
19 Christopher Hibbert (ed.), Queen Victoria in Her Letters and Journals, New York, Viking (1984), pp. 337–8, March 1899.
20 Catrine Clay, King, Kaiser, Tsar: Three Royal Cousins who Led the World to War, London, John Murray (2006), p. 193.
21 Röhl (2001), pp. 975–6.
22 Ramm (1990), p. 199, Vicky to QV, 19 February 1897.
23 Hibbert (1984), pp. 341–2.
24 Ibid., p. 344.
25 Ramm (1990), p. 221, QV to Vicky, 11 September 1898.
26 E. de Burgh, Memoir of Empress Elizabeth, London, Hutchinson & Co (1899), pp. 326–7.
27 Ramm (1990), p. 221, Vicky to QV, 12 September 1898.
28 Ibid., p. 215, QV to Vicky, 31 May 1898.
29 RA GV/PRIV/AA12/81, George to QV, 4 April 1900.
30 MB 21/1/Vol. 1, Recollections, p. 197.
31 Ramm (1990), p. 258, QV to Vicky, 27 December 1900 and 6 January 1901.
32 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1901: 1 January.
33 Xenia’s diary, 9 January [OS]/22 January 1901, cited in Andrei Maylunas and Sergei Mironenko (eds), A Lifelong Passion: Nicholas & Alexandra, Their Own Story, London, Phoenix (1997), p. 188.
34 MB 21/1/Vol. 1, Recollections, p. 196.
35 Wilson (2014), p. 569.
36 Count Egon Caesar Corti, The English Empress: A Study in the Relations between Queen Victoria and her Eldest Daughter, Empress Frederick of Germany, London, Cassell & Co (1957), p. 364.
37 Wilson (2014), p. 572.
38 Hibbert (1984), p. 500.
39 Boris Savinkov, Memoirs, cited in Maylunas and Mironenko (1997), p. 246.
40 Ibid., p. 240, Konstantin’s diary, 12 September [OS]/25 September 1904.
41 MB 21/1/Vol. 1, Recollections, p. 228.
42 Prince Felix Yusupov, Lost Splendour, Ann Green and Nicolas Katkoff (trans.), London, Jonathan Cape (1953), p. 100.
43 Edvard Radzinsky, Alexander II: The Last Great Tsar, New York, Free Press (2005), p. 68.
44 MB 21/1/Vol. 1, Recollections, p. 233.
45 Savinkov, Memoirs, cited in Maylunas and Mironenko (1997), p. 247.
46 Konstantin’s diary and M. Pavlovna’s Memoirs, cited in Maylunas and Mironenko (1997), pp. 249–50, 254.
47 MB 21/1/Vol. 1, Recollections, p. 235.
48 Christopher Warwick, Ella: Princess, Saint and Martyr, Chichester, John Wiley (2006), p. 220.
49 Xenia’s diary, 4 February [OS]/17 February 1905, cited in Maylunas and Mironenko (1997), p. 251.
50 MB 21/1/Vol. 1, Recollections, p. 236.
51 Ibid.
52 Ibid.
53 Radzinsky (2005), p. 74.
54 MB T75/F2, Bertie to Louis Battenberg, 15 July 1905.
55 Ibid.
56 Ibid.
57 Theo Aronson, Grandmama of Europe: The Crowned Descendants of Queen Victoria, London, Cassell & Co (1973, rev. edn 1994), p. 156.
58 Julia Gelardi, Born to Rule: Granddaughters of Queen Victoria, Queens of Europe, London, Headline (2004), p. 142.
59 New York Times, 31 May 1906.
60 RA QM/PRIV/QMD/1906: 31 May.
61 Ibid., letter attached from Mrs George Young.
62 James Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, 1867–1953, London, George Allen & Unwin (1959), p. 406.
63 Marie, Queen of Romania, The Story of my Life, London, Cassell & Co (1934), vol. 1, pp. 95–6.
64 E. M. Almedingen, An Unbroken Unity: A Memoir of Grand-Duchess Serge of Russia, London, Bodley Head (1964), p. 58.
65 Yusupov, Lost Spendour, p. 100.
66 MB 21/1/Vol. 1, Recollections, p. 244.
67 Warwick (2006), pp. 250–1.
68 MB 21/1/Vol. 1, Recollections, p. 247.
69 Ibid., p. 274.
70 Marie, Queen of Romania, The Story of my Life, London, Cassell & Co (1934), vol. 2, p. 205.
71 Röhl (2014), p. 254.
72 Ibid., p. 99.
73 MB T75/F2, Bertie to Louis of Battenberg, 15 July 1905.
74 Marie, Queen of Romania (1934), vol. 2, p. 303.
75 Ibid., p. 304.
76 MB 21/1/Vol. 2, Recollections of Victoria, Marchioness of Milford Haven, p. 303.
77 Ibid., pp. 304–5.
78 Michael Balfour, The Kaiser and His Times, New York, Norton & Co (1972), p. 355.
79 Robert K. Massie, Nicholas & Alexandra, London, Victor Gollancz (1968), p. 274.
80 MB 21/1/Vol. 2, Recollections, p. 306.
81 MB 11/3/1, Papers of Victoria Mountbatten, Marchioness of Milford Haven.
CHAPTER TWELVE THE FALL
1 Marie, Queen of Romania, The Story of my Life, London, Cassell & Co (1934), vol. 2, p. 352.
2 Ibid., p. 351.
3 Winston Churchill, The World Crisis, 1916–18, Part 1, London, Thornton Butterworth (1927), pp. 17–19.
4 Marie, Queen of Romania (1934), vol. 2, p. 353.
5 Ibid., vol. 3, p. 5.
6 Marie to GV, August 30/12 September 1916, cited in ibid., p. 57.
7 John C. G. Röhl, Wilhelm II: Into the Abyss of War and Exile, 1900–1941, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press (2014), pp. 1,108 and 1,122.
8 Marie to Nicholas, 24 September/7 October 1916, cited in Marie, Queen of Romania (1935), vol. 3, pp. 65–6.
9 Ibid., pp. 62, 95, and 100.
10 Ibid., p. 117.
11 Robert K. Massie, Nicholas & Alexandra, London, Victor Gollancz (1968), p. 297.
12 Michael T. Florinsky, The End of the Russian Empire, New York, Collier Books (1961), p. 63.
13 Ibid., p. 67.
14 Andrei Maylunas and Sergei Mironenko (eds), A Lifelong Passion: Nicholas & Alexandra, Their Own Story, London, Phoenix (1997), p. 427.
&nb
sp; 15 Simon Sebag Montefiore, The Romanovs, 1613–1918, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson (2016), p. 595.
16 Prince Felix Yusupov, Lost Splendour, Ann Green and Nicolas Katkoff (trans.), London, Jonathan Cape (1953), p. 157.
17 Ibid., pp. 100 and 189.
18 Alix to Nicholas, 15 June [OS]/28 June 1915, and Ella’s deposition, cited in Maylunas and Mironenko (1997), pp. 422 and 490.
19 Yusupov (1953), p. 157.
20 Sebag Montefiore (2016), p. 605.
21 Yusupov (1953), p. 195.
22 Sebag Montefiore (2016), pp. 604–9.
23 Alix to Nicholas, 22 February [OS]/7 March 1917, cited in Maylunas and Mironenko (1997), p. 544.
24 Massie (1968), p. 365.
25 Sandro (Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich), Memoirs, cited in Maylunas and Mironenko (1997), p. 537.
26 Theo Aronson, Grandmama of Europe: The Crowned Descendants of Queen Victoria, London, Cassell & Co (1973, rev. edn 1994), p. 222.
27 Sir Harold Nicolson, King George V: His Life and Reign, London, Constable (1952), p. 393.
28 Mabell, Countess of Airlie, Thatched with Gold, Jennifer Ellis (ed.), London, Hutchinson (1962), p. 132.
29 Daily Mirror, 16 and 17 March 1917.
30 Stamfordham to Balfour, 30 March 1917, cited in Kenneth Rose, King George V, London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson (1983), p. 211.
31 Stamfordham to Balfour, 6 April 1917, cited in Rose (1983), p. 212.
32 Ibid., p. 213.
33 Miranda Carter, The Three Emperors, London, Penguin (2009), p. 471.
34 Daily Record, 19 March 1917.
35 Lancashire Evening Post, 17 April and 1 June 1917.
36 Liverpool Echo, 22 June 1917.
37 Carter (2009), p. 473.
38 John C. G. Röhl, Wilhelm II: Into the Abyss of War and Exile, 1900–1941, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press (2014), p. 1,157.
39 Louis Fischer, The Life of Lenin, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson (1964), p. 109.
40 Winston Churchill, The World Crisis, 1916–1918, Part 2, London, Thornton Butterworth (1927).
41 Röhl (2014), p. 1,157.
42 Julia Gelardi, Born to Rule: Granddaughters of Queen Victoria, Queens of Europe, London, Headline (2004), p. 214.
43 Theo Aronson, Grandmama of Europe: The Crowned Descendants of Queen Victoria, London, Cassell & Co (1973, rev. edn 1994), p. 211.
44 The Greek White Book, Supplementary Diplomatic Documents, 1913–1917, Forgotten Books, London (2015), p. 82, Sophie to Wilhelm, 13 December 1916 [OS]/26 December 1916.
45 Ibid., pp. 84 and 87, Sophie to Wilhelm, 20 December 1916 [OS] /2 January 1917 and 28 December 1916 [OS] /10 January 2017.
Queen Victoria's Matchmaking Page 40