On his return to Britain he released the classic film 90° South and wrote The Great White South (1921), illustrated with many of his photographs.
Royds, Charles W Rawson (1876–1931) Born in Rochdale, Charles Royds followed his family tradition and joined the Royal Navy serving initially as a cadet aboard HMS Conway. His application to join the Discovery expedition was accepted in 1899 and he served as first lieutenant, also making a remarkable journey east across the Ross Ice Shelf to conduct magnetic work. Cape Royds was named after him. Royds died as a vice-admiral, having also been knighted for his last role as an assistant commissioner of the Metropolitan Police.
Scott, Captain Robert Falcon (1868–1912) See Chapter 2, Chapter 4 and Chapter 8.
Shackleton, Sir Ernest Henry (1874–1922) See Chapter 2, Chapter 7, and Chapter 8.
Simpson, Dr George Clarke (1878–1965) Simpson was meteorologist on the Terra Nova expedition.
Wild, John Robert Francis (1873–1939) Known to all as ‘Frank’, Wild was born in Skelton, North Yorkshire. He spent 11 years in the merchant navy before joining the Royal Navy in 1900. He was chosen from some 3,000 naval applicants to join the Discovery. Wild was later selected by Shackleton to serve on the Nimrod expedition and was a member of the party to reach its furthest point south at latitude 82° 23’. He was leader of the western base party on Douglas Mawson’s Australasian Antarctic Expedition of 1911–1914 in the Aurora. His brother, Ernest Wild, was a surviving member of the ill-fated Ross Sea Party on the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, in which three men died. With such extensive Antarctic experience, and being a warm admirer of Shackleton, he was an automatic choice as second-in-command for the Endurance expedition. He remained in command of the men on Elephant Island while they awaited rescue. He went on to sail with Shackleton on his final voyage in the Quest.
Wilson, Dr Edward Adrian (1872–1912) Wilson was assistant surgeon on the Discovery expedition. A deeply religious man, he was also a skilled artist and his drawings, sketches and paintings present an evocative view of the Antarctic landscape. Wilson’s sympathetic character soon marked him out as a key figure in maintaining team spirit and morale. Scott relied heavily on him for advice, guidance and moral support. He joined the Terra Nova as scientific director and zoologist, responsible for the management and welfare of the scientific research team on the expedition. His selfless character earned him the nickname ‘Uncle Bill’. Wilson was automatically a member of the final South Pole party and died alongside Scott and Bowers on the return journey from the Pole.
Worsley, Frank Arthur (1872–1943) Born at Akaroa, New Zealand, Frank Worsley served as a reserve officer in the Royal Navy, 1904–1914, before becoming master of the Endurance in 1914. His navigation and seamanship on the 800-mile voyage of the James Caird to South Georgia was outstanding. He served on two ships in the First World War and was awarded the DSO and CBE. He sailed with Shackleton again in the Quest in 1921.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
and suggested further reading
Alexander, Caroline, The ‘Endurance’: Shackleton’s Legendary Antarctic Expedition, London, Bloomsbury Publishing (1999).
Amundsen, Roald, Sydpolen (The South Pole), Norway, Jacob Dybwabs Forlag (1912).
Arnold, HJP, Photographer of the World: the Biography of Herbert Ponting, London, Hutchinson (1969).
Bainbridge, Beryl, The Birthday Boys, London, Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd (1991).
Barnes, John, Pioneers of the British Film, London, Bishopsgate Press (1983).
Bickel, Lennard, In Search of Frank Hurley, London, Macmillan (1980).
Bickel, Lennard, Shackleton’s Forgotten Men, Boston, Da Capo Press (2001).
Borchgrevink, C E, First on the Antarctic Continent, London, George Newnes (1901).
Bryan, Rorke, Ordeal by Ice: Ships of the Antarctic, New York, Sheridan House (2011).
Brownlow, Kevin, The War, the West and the Wilderness, London, Secker & Warburg (1979).
Cherry-Garrard, Apsley, The Worst Journey in the World, London, Carroll & Graf (1922).
Feeney, Robert E, Polar Journeys: the role of food and nutrition in early exploration, Alaska, University of Alaska Press (1998).
Fiennes, Sir Ranulph, To the Ends of the Earth, North Carolina, McNally & Loftin Publishers (1983).
Fiennes, Sir Ranulph, Mind over Matter, London, Sinclair-Stevenson Ltd (1993).
Fiennes, Sir Ranulph, Captain Scott, London, Hodder & Stoughton (2003).
Foreign and Commonwealth Office/British Antarctic Survey, Antarctica (Schools Pack), London (1999).
Fuchs, Sir Vivian and Hillary, Sir Edmund, The Crossing of Antarctica, London, Cassell (1958).
Fuchs, Sir Vivian, Of Ice and Men, Shrewsbury, Anthony Nelson (1982).
Fuchs, Sir Vivian, A Time to Speak, Shrewsbury, Anthony Nelson (1990).
Gran, Tryggve, The Norwegian with Scott, London, Stationery Office Books (1984).
Hempleman-Adams, David, Toughing it Out, London, Orion Books (1998).
Hempleman-Adams, David, Walking on Thin Ice, London, Orion Books (1999).
Huntford, Roland, Shackleton, London, Hodder & Stoughton (1985).
Huntford, Roland, Scott and Amundsen [republished as The Last Place on Earth], London, Hodder & Stoughton (1979).
Huntford, Roland, The Amundsen Photographs, London, Hodder & Stoughton (1987).
Hurley, Frank, Argonauts of the South, New York, G. P. Putnam’s Sons (1925).
Huxley, Elspeth, Scott of the Antarctic, New York, Atheneum Books (1977).
Jarvis, Tim, Shackleton’s Epic: Recreating the World’s Greatest Journey of Survival, London, William Collins (2013).
Larsen, Edward J, An Empire of Ice: Scott, Shackleton, and the Heroic Age of Antarctic Science, New Haven, Yale University Press (2011).
Limb, S and Cordingley, P, Captain Oates: Soldier and Explorer, London, B. T. Batsford (1982).
Locke, Stephen, George Marston: Shackleton’s Antarctic Artist, Hampshire, Hampshire County Council (2000).
Mawson, Sir Douglas, The Home of the Blizzard, London, William Heinemann (1915).
Mills, Leif, Frank Wild, Whitby, Caedmon of Whitby (1999).
Ponting, Herbert, The Great White South, London, Duckworth & Co. (1921).
Preston, Diana, A First Rate Tragedy: Captain Scott’s Antarctic Expeditions, London, Constable & Robinson (1997).
Riffenburgh, Beau, Nimrod: Ernest Shackleton and the extraordinary story of the 1907–09 British Arctic Expedition, London, Bloomsbury Publishing (2004).
Riffenburgh, Beau and Cruwys, Liz, The Photographs of H. G. Ponting, Discovery Gallery (1998).
Savours, Ann, Scott’s Last Voyage: through the Antarctic Camera of Herbert Ponting, London, Sidgwick & Jackson Ltd (1974).
Savours, Ann, The Voyages of the ‘Discovery’: The Illustrated History of Scott’s Ship, London, Virgin Books (1992).
Scott, RF The Voyage of the ‘Discovery’, London, John Murray (1905).
Scott, RF (ed Huxley, Leonard), Scott’s Last Expedition, New York, Dodd, Mead and Company (1913).
Shackleton, Sir Ernest, Aurora Australis, privately published (1908).
Shackleton, Sir Ernest, The Heart of the Antarctic, London, William Heinemann (1909).
Shackleton, Sir Ernest, South, London, Century Publishing (1919).
Solomon, Susan, The Coldest March. Scott’s Fatal Antarctic Expedition, New Haven, Yale University Press (2001).
Spufford, Francis, I may be some time: Ice and the English Imagination, London, Faber & Faber (1996).
Stroud, Mike, Shadows on the Wasteland, New York, Overlook Books (1994).
Thomas, Lowell, Sir Hubert Wilkins: His World of Adventure, New York, McGraw-Hill (1961).
Tyler-Lewis, Kelly, The Lost Men. The Harrowing Story of Shackleton’s Ross Sea Party, London, Bloomsbury Publishing (2006).
Wheeler, Sara, Cherry: A Life of Apsley Cherry-Garrard, London, Vintage/Ebury (2002).
Wheeler, Sara, Terra Incognita, London, Vintage (1997).
/>
Wilson, EA (ed. Savours, Ann), The Diary of the ‘Discovery’ Expedition to the Antarctic Regions (1901–1904), London, Blandford Press (1966).
Worsley, Frank A, Shackleton’s Boat Journey, London, Hodder & Stoughton (1940).
Recommended websites
Antarctic Co-operative Research Centre, www.acecrc.org.au
Antarctic Philately, www.south-pole.com
Australian Antarctic Division, www.antarctica.gov.au
British Antarctic Survey, www.bas.ac.uk
Byrd Polar Research Center, https://bpcrc.osu.edu
Cheltenham Art Gallery and Museum, www.cheltenhammuseum.org.uk
Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs, www.comnap.aq
Discovery Point, www.rrsdiscovery.com
Edinburgh University Library, www.ed.ac.uk/information-services/library-museum-gallery
Engineering Electronic Library, Sweden (EELS), http://vlib.ustuarchive.urfu.ru/storon/ellib_sveden/index.html
Endurance, wwwde.kodak.com/US/en/corp/features/endurance/home/index.shtml
National Library of Scotland, www.nls.uk
National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London, www.rmg.co.uk
Natural Environment Research Council, www.nerc.ac.uk Norwegian Polar Institute, www.npolar.no/en
Office of Polar Programs at the National Science Foundation, www.nsf.gov/div/index.jsp?div=OPP
Royal Geographic Society, www.rgs.org
Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, www.scar.org
Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, www.spri.cam.ac.uk
Shackleton’s Antarctic Odyssey, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/shackletonexped
Shetland Museum, www.shetland-museum.org.uk
West Antarctic Ice Sheet Initiative, www.waisworkshop.org
PICTURE CREDITS
We are grateful to the following for permission to reproduce images:
National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London
Here PAH8482; here G266:1/7; 21 PAJ1628; here G201:3/1(2); here PAF0588; here PAD6215; here AAA0943; here ALB1396.2; here PAG6631; here P49376; here C7267/B; here C4269B; here ALB0346.16; here ALB0346.12; here PBF1103/1; here PBB4147; here ALB0346.34; here ALB0346.36; here ALB0346.40; here P49449; here P49447; here ALB1396.168; here RSS/MC/FAMOUSINDIVIDUALS; here AML/Z/18(2); here P49379; here MED0481; 64 P49378; here ILN/1903/123; here PBB4110; here ALB1217.1; here ALB1217.34; here ALB1217.40; here ALB1217.6; here ALB1217.36; here ALB1217.32; here AAA4171; here ZBA1615.6; here ZBA1691; here P11; here P15; 154 P4; here P14; 160 P12; here AAB0225; here AAA3415; here AAA3418; here ZBA1610; here P5600; here ZBA2271; here ALB1401.39; here ALB1401.35; here ALB1401.41; here AAA4270
National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London, Greenwich Hospital Collection
Here BHC 2628
National Maritime Museum, Caird Fund
Here BHC2981; National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London, Tizard Collection; here ALB0859.40
National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London. Acquired with assistance from the Heritage Lottery Fund
Here ZBA1609; here ZBA1612; here ZBA1613
Getty Images
Here Herbert Ponting/Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge/Getty Images; here Captain Robert Falcon Scott/Popperfoto/Getty Images; here Captain Robert Falcon Scott/Popperfoto/Getty Images; here Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images; here Herbert Ponting/Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge/Getty Images; here John Thomson/Hulton Archive/Getty Images; here Hulton Archive/Getty Images; here Spencer Arnold/Getty Images; here Print Collector/Getty Images; here Herbert Ponting/Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge/Getty Images; here Historical Picture Archive/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images; here Captain Robert Falcon Scott/Popperfoto/Getty Images; here Bob Thomas/Popperfoto/Getty Images; here Popperfoto/Getty Images; here Bettmann/Getty Images; here Popperfoto/Getty Images; here Popperfoto/Getty Images; here Ben Stansall/AFP/Getty Images; here Popperfoto/Getty Images; here Antarctic Heritage Trust/Barcroft India/Barcoft Media via Getty Images; here Frank Hurley/Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge/Getty Images; here Popperfoto/Getty Images; here Frank Hurley/Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge/Getty Images; here Topical Press Agency/Getty Images; here SSPL/Getty Images; here Bob Thomas/Popperfoto/Getty Images; here Frank Hurley/Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge/Getty Images; here Popperfoto/ Getty Images; here Herbert Ponting/Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge/Getty Images; here Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images; here Bettmann/Getty Images; here Wolfgang Kaehler/LightRocket via Getty Images
Other sources
Here Courtesy of Gerlache family archives; here North Wind Picture Archives / Alamy Stock Photo; here Bill Douglas Museum; here National Library of New Zealand; here Mirror Archives; here, here, here, here Fram Museum, Oslo; here, here National Library of Norway; here Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge; here, here Wellcome Collection; here Dulwich College; here Joyce Collection, Canterbury Museum, New Zealand
Acknowledgements
John Shears, British Antarctic Survey; Kåre Berg, Director, Fram Museum, Oslo; Jacqui McLeod; Jane Ace, Tina Warner, Harvey Edser, Ken Hickey, Alasdair Macleod, Rob Petherick, National Maritime Museum; Ann Savours Shirley, polar expert and former Keeper of Manuscripts, National Maritime Museum; Per Olav Torgnesskar, Assistant Curator, National Library of Norway, Oslo Division, Picture Collection; Gerard A. Sellek, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath; Max Jones, University of Cambridge; Philippa Smith, Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge; David E. Yelverton, Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society; Linda Zealey, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London.
CONWAY
Bloomsbury Publishing Plc
50 Bedford Square,
London, WC1B 3DP, UK
This electronic edition published in 2018 by Bloomsbury Publishing Plc
BLOOMSBURY, CONWAY and the Conway logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc
First published in Great Britain 2018
This edition published 2018
Copyright © National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London, 2018
Published in association with Royal Museums Greenwich, the group name for the National Maritime Museum, Cutty Sark, the Royal Observatory, and the Queen’s House. www.rmg.co.uk
Illustrations © National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London, 2018 except as indicated here.
Material for Chapter 5, ‘Food for the Race to the Pole’, is reprinted with kind permission of University of Alaska Press. The National Maritime Museum has asserted its right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Author of this work.
For legal purposes the Acknowledgements here constitute an extension of this copyright page.
All rights reserved
You may not copy, distribute, transmit, reproduce or otherwise make available this publication (or any part of it) in any form, or by any means (including without limitation electronic, digital, optical, mechanical, photocopying, printing, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the publisher. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
Bloomsbury Publishing Plc does not have any control over, or responsibility for, any third-party websites referred to or in this book. All internet addresses given in this book were correct at the time of going to press. The author and publisher regret any inconvenience caused if addresses have changed or sites have ceased to exist, but can accept no responsibility for any such changes.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication data has been applied for.
ISBN: 978-1-8448-6486-7 (PB)
ISBN: 978-1-8448-6483-6 (eBook)
ISBN: 978-1-8448-6484-3 (ePDF)
Design by Nicola Liddiard, Ni
mbus Design
To find out more about our authors and their books please visit www.bloomsbury.com where you will find extracts, author interviews and details of forthcoming events, and to be the first to hear about latest releases and special offers, sign up for our newsletter.
South Page 18