by Paul Mason
2.Paulo dos Santos, ‘On the Content of Banking in Contemporary Capitalism’, Research on Money and Finance Discussion Paper No. 3, February 2009.
3.Richard Sennett, The Culture of the New Capitalism, New Haven 2006.
4.‘Live Reporting from Tahrir Sq, Egyptian Revolution’, fifthinternational.org, 2 February 2011.
5.P. Altbach et al., ‘Trends in Global Higher Education: Tracking an Academic Revolution’, UNESCO.org, 2009.
6.Peter Beaumont, ‘Mohamed Bouazizi: the dutiful son whose death changed Tunisia’s fate’, Guardian, 20 January 2011.
7.Ta Paidia Tis Galarias (TPTG), ‘The rebellious passage of a proletarian minority through a brief period of time’, in Vradis and Dalakoglou, Revolt and Crisis in Greece, p. 116.
8.Hippolyte Taine, The French Revolution (1896), vol. 2, trans. J. Durand, Indianapolis 2002, p. 419.
9.Robert Faris et al., ‘Online Security in the Middle East and North Africa: A Survey of Perceptions, Knowledge, and Practice’, cyber.law.harvard. edu, Harvard, August 2011.
10.Walter Powell, ‘Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization’, Research on Organizational Behavior, vol. 12, 1990, pp. 295-336.
11.an.kaist.ac.kr
12.Saeid Golkar, ‘Liberation or Suppression Technologies? The Internet, the Green Movement and the Regime in Iran’, International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Society, vol. 9, no. 1, 2011, pp. 50–70.
13.Ibid.
14.André Gorz, Farewell to the Working Class, London 1982, p. 64.
15.Sennett, Culture of the New Capitalism, p. 2.
16.Malcolm Gladwell, ‘Small change: why the revolution will not be tweeted’, New Yorker, 4 October 2010.
17.Ibid.
18.Sean Naylor, ‘War games rigged?’ Army Times, 16 August 2002.
19.Essam Fadl, ‘Asharq al-Awsat talks to Egypt’s April 6 Youth Movement founder’, asharq-e.com/news, 10 February 2011.
20.libcom.org/library (undated). First transcribed in Donald Bouchard (ed.), Language, Counter-Memory, Practice, New York 1980.
Chapter 5
1.Ian Traynor, ‘Greek debt crisis: eurozone ministers delay decision on €12bn lifeline’, Guardian, 20 June 2011.
2.Takis Michas, ‘Athens descends into anarchy’, Wall Street Journal, 13 April 2011.
3.Alexander Trocchi, ‘For the insurrection to succeed we must first destroy ourselves’, quoted in Vradis and Dalakoglou, Revolt and Crisis in Greece, p. 303.
Chapter 6
1.Rupert Murdoch, ‘Free markets and free minds: the security of opportunity’, speech to the Centre of Policy Studies, 21 October 2010.
2.Martin Feldstein and Charles Horioka, ‘Domestic Saving and International Capital Flows’, Economic Journal, vol. 90, no. 358 (June 1980), pp.314-29.
3.Andrew Haldane, ‘The global imbalances in retrospect and prospect’, Bank of England, speech, 3 November 2010.
4.Richard Freeman, ‘The Great Doubling: Labor in the New Global Economy’, Usery Lecture in Labor Policy, University of Atlanta, 8 April 2005.
5.Jared Bernstein et al., The State of Working America, Ithaca 2007.
6.Global Wage Report, December 2010, International Labour Organisation; Finfacts Ireland, 31 January 2008.
7.‘Real wages in Germany: numerous years of decline’, DIW Weekly Report, 23 October 2009.
8.Gordon Brown, Mansion House speech, 20 June 2007.
9.K.-M. Yi, ‘The Collapse of Global Trade: The Role of Vertical Specialisation’, in Richard Baldwin and Simon Evenett (eds), The Collapse of Global Trade, Murky Protectionism, and the Crisis: Recommendations for the G20, London 2009; and Barry Eichengreen and Kevin O’Rourke, voxeu.org.
10.Costas Lapavitsas et al., ‘Eurozone crisis: beggar thyself and thy neighbour’, Research on Money and Finance Report, March 2010.
11.Ewald Engelen et al., ‘After the Great Complacence’, Oxford 2011, p. 209.
12.Andrew Haldane, speech, November 2010, op cit.
13.Child and Working Tax Credit Statistics, HMRC, hmrc.gov.uk/stats, April 2010.
14.BBC News, ‘Labour attacks Nick Clegg over social mobility plan’, 5 April 2011.
15.Stephanie Flanders, ‘Have British jobs gone to British workers?’, BBC website, 21 April 2010.
16.See Jared Bernstein and Christina Romer, ‘The Job Impact of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Plan’, Council of Economic Advisers, Washington 2009.
17.Andrey Korotayev and Julia Zinkina, ‘Egyptian Revolution: A Demographic Structural Analysis’, Entelequia. Revista Interdisciplinary no. 13, spring 2011.
18.Economist.com, 3 February 2011; GlobalSecurity.org, 28 February 2011.
19.Andrew Lilico, ‘How the Fed triggered the Arab Spring uprisings in two easy graphs’, Telegraph.co.uk, 4 May 2011.
20.World Bank Food Price Watch, worldbank.org, April 2011.
21.Toby Nangle, ‘The Sugar Rush and the Jasmine Wave’, Barings Asset Management, 20 April 2011.
22.Jonathan Wheatley, ‘Trade War Looming, Warns Brazil’, Financial Times, 10 January 2011.
23.Ben Bernanke, Essays on the Great Depression, New York 2004.
24.Charles Kindleberger, The World in Depression, 1929-1939, Harmondsworth 1987, p. 9.
Chapter 7
1.J. M. Keynes, ‘The Economic Consequences of the Peace’, New York 1920.
2.Stefan Zweig, The World of Yesterday, London 2009, p. 219.
3.Port Huron Statement of the Students for a Democratic Society, June 1962.
4.Barry Wellman et al., ‘The Social Affordances of the Internet for Net worked Individualism’, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 8, April 2003.
5.Manuel Castells, ‘Communication, Power and Counter-power in the Network Society’, International Journal of Communication, ijoc.org, 8 February 2007.
6.Edmund White, Rimbaud: The Double Life of a Rebel, New York 2008.
7.Zweig, The World of Yesterday, p. 20.
8.Robert Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, New York 2000.
9.See facebook.com.
10.blog.twitter.com/2011/03/numbers
11.‘Civil Movements: The impact of Facebook and Twitter’, Arab Social Media Report, Dubai School of Government, vol. 1, no. 2, May 2011.
12.Sherry Turkle, Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet, New York 1995, p. 14.
13.Margaret Wertheim, The Pearly Gates of Cyberspace: A History of Space from Dante to the Internet, London 1999, p. 249.
14.Castells, ‘Communication, Power and Counter-power’.
15.Becky Hogge ‘Barefoot into Cyberspace: Adventures in search of techno-Utopia’, London 2011.
16.Karl Marx, Selected Writings in Sociology and Social Philosophy, T. B. Bottomore and Maximilian Rubel (eds), London 1963, p. 241.
17.This question has been explored by Nick Dyer-Witherford in a series of papers, the most recent of which is ‘Twenty-First-Century Species- Being’, presented at the Sixth Annual Marx and Philosophy Conference, 6 June 2009, Institute of Education, University of London.
18.Karl Marx, Grundrisse, Harmondsworth 1973, p. 704–11.
19.Paolo Virno, ‘General Intellect’, Lessico Postfordista, Milan 2001, trans. generation-online, org/p/fpvirno10.htm.
20.Franco Berardi and Geert Lovinck, ‘A Call to the Army of Love and to the Army of Software’, 13 October 2011, lists.thing.net/pipermail/idc/ 2011-October/004867.html.
21.Arif Jinha, ‘Article 50 Million: An Estimate of the Number of Scholarly Articles in Existence’, stratongina.net, 2009.
22.Bo-Christer Björk et al., ‘Scientific Journal Publishing: Yearly Volume and Open Access Availability’, Information Research, vol. 14, no.1 (2009), paper 391.
23.Robin Grant, ‘The NOTW’s social media downfall’, wearesocial.net, 11 July 2011.
24.Amelia Arsenault and Manuel Castells, ‘Switching Power: Rupert Murdoch and the Global Business of Media Politics: A Sociological Analysis’, International Sociology, vol. 23
, no. 4 (2008), p. 488.
25.Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene, Oxford 1989, p. 192.
26.Disgusting Solitary Gonad, untitled and undated text. See Occupy Every where.
Chapter 8
1.All references from John Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath, Harmonds- worth 2000.
2.Binyamin Appelbaum, ‘From spending to cuts’, New York Times, 1 August 2011.
Chapter 9
1.Gustave Flaubert, Sentimental Education, trans. Robert Baldick, London 2004, p. 38.
2.Thibault, ‘The Barricade in rue Saint-Maur-Popincourt after the attack by General Lamoricière’s troops, Monday 26 June 1848’, Musée d’Orsay, Paris.
3.Leo A. Loubere, ‘The Emergence of the Extreme Left in Lower Languedoc, 1848–51: Social and Economic Factors in Polities’, American Historical Review, vol. 73, no. 4 (April 1968), p. 1019-51.
4.Quoted in James Boyle, ‘The Minimum Wage and Syndicalism: An Independent Survey’, Cincinnati 1913.
5.Dimi Reider, ‘J14 may challenge something even deeper than the occupation’, 972mag.com, 7 August 2011.
6.Naftali Kaminski, ‘How Israel’s democracy might be revitalized from the Arab Spring’, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 15 August 2011.
7.Philip Rucker, ‘Former militiaman unapologetic for calls to vandalize offices over health care’, Washington Post, 25 March 2010.
8.Glenn Beck, Fox News, 23 March 2010.
9.James McPherson, ‘Antebellum Southern Exceptionalism: A New Look at an Old Question’, Civil War History 29 (September 1983).
10.Erica Sagrans (ed.), We Are Wisconsin, Minneapolis 2011, p. 35.
11.Ben Brandzel, ‘The unbreakable culture of the occupied Capitol’, Huffington Post, 1 March 2011.
12.Ibid.
13.Glennbeck.com, ‘Anarchists, socialists and communists party in Wisconsin’, 21 February 2011, glennbeck.com/2011/02/21 /anarchists- socialists-and-communists-party-in-wisconsin/.
14.All quotes from The Coming Insurrection, web version, tarnac9. wordpress.com.
15.Stephen King and Karen Ward, ‘The New Economic Permafrost: How Ben Bernanke’s Analysis of Japan Has Returned to Haunt the West’, HSBC research paper, 23 August 2011.
16.Alexis de Tocqueville, Souvenirs, Paris 1893, pp. 15–18. Translated in Mike Rapport, 1848: Year of Revolution, London 2008.
Chapter 10
1.Ke Tang and Wei Xiong, ‘Index Investment and the Financialization of Commodities’, Princeton, September 2009.
2.UN-Habitat, The Challenge of Slums: Global Report on Human Settlements, 2003.
3.‘F A Hayek—Social Justice’, youtube.com/watch?v=KlMC4ag9wOc (last accessed 20 October 2011).
4.George Orwell, Looking Back on the Spanish War, London 1943.
Chapter 12
1.Quoted in A. J. Nicholls, Weimar and the Rise of Hitler, New York 2000, p. 160.
2.Ian Kershaw, Hitler: Hubris, 1889-1936, New York 2004, p. 322.
3.Laurie Penny and Molly Crabapple, Discordia, London 2012 (ebook).
4.Quoted in Foster Hirsch, Kurt Weill On Stage, New York 2002, p. 105.
Chapter 13
1.‘Securing Stability and Growth’, World Bank Report, June 2011, p. 5.
2.Gleb Bryanski, ‘No Occupy Wall Street protests for Russia: Putin’, Reuters, 17 October 2011.
3.S. Tipaldou and F. Serra i Massansalvador, ‘Violent Protests in Undemocratic Settings: The Riot in Moscow’s Manezh Square’, ECPR Paper, cprnet.eu/conferences, August 2011.
4.premier.gov.ru.
5.youtube.com/watch?v=hLs8kv3ulhw&feature=youtu.be.
6.levada.ru/25-11-2011 /vybory-v-gosdumu.
7.navalny-en.livejournal.com, 5 December 2011.
8.Tom Balmforth, ‘Russian Health Inspector Warns Would-Be Protesters of Risk from Cold’, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 2 February 2012.
9.‘Brève histoire de l’oligarchie en Russie’, Dissonance, alexandrelatsa.ru, 17 November 2010.
10.Interview, Philosophic, 5 July 2012.
11.Daniel Tovrov, ‘Manifesto of Free Russia: How to Rid the Country of Putinism’, International Business Times, 12 June 2012.
12.blogs.waytorussia.net/herbariums/the-networks-and-russian-protest- movement.
13.Julia Ioffe, ‘The End of Putin’, Foreign Policy, 28 December 2011.
14.Sergey Chernov, ‘Female Fury’, St. Petersburg Times, 1 February 2012.
15.youtube.com/watch?v=ALS92big4TY.
Afterword
1.Manuel Castells et al., Aftermath: The Cultures of the Economic Crisis, Oxford 2012, p. 211.
2.bbc.co.uk/blogs/newsnight/paulmason.
3.uwcforum.org/live/ (at 02.32.00).
4.Speech at ‘The Egyptian Revolution: Results and Prospects’, 12 July 2012, Marxism festival.
5.Laurie Penny, ‘Notes from a Feminist Book Tour’, New Statesman, 31 October 2012.
6.August Bebel, Woman and Socialism, translated by M. L. Stern, New York 1910.
7.Imposemagazine.com, 25 October 2011.
8.Thomas Frank, ‘To the Precinct Station: How Theory Met Practice …and Drove It Absolutely Crazy’, Baffler 21, November 2012, thebaffler.com.
9.Manuel Castells, ‘Where are the Indignados Going?’, Irish Left Review, 27 January 2012.
10.Quoted in Robert Service, Trotsky: A Biography, p. 45.
11.Suby Raman, blog post, subyraman.com, 2 March 2012.
12.mideast.foreignpolicy.com, 24 February 2011.
13.K. Marx, ‘The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte’ in The Revolutions of 1848, Harmondsworth 1973, p. 146.
14.newsfeed.time.com, 19 November 2011.
15.Geoffrey Wildanger, ‘Occupy UC Davis’, in Occupy #3, undated.
16.http://libcom.org/library/intellectuals-power-a-conversation-between-michel-foucault-and-gilles-deleuze.
17.Castells, Aftermath, p. 211.
18.Andrew Haldane, ‘A Leaf Being Turned’, Speech, Bank of England, 29 October 2012.
19.Virginia Woolf, ‘Mr Bennett and Mrs Brown’, London 1924.
20.Manuel Castells, Networks of Outrage and Hope, Cambridge 2012.
21.Castells, Networks, p. 2.
22.Ibid., p. 234.
23.K. Marx, ‘A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right’ (1844) http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1843/ critique-hpr/intro.htm.
24.See P. Mason, Live Working or Die Fighting: How the Working Class Went Global, London 2007.
Acknowledgements
When this crisis is over I will be able to publish a full list of the people who have helped me in the writing of this book. For now, as the situation darkens even in some democratic countries, I will just thank them anonymously as requested: the Greek and Spanish journalists who have gone massively more than the extra mile to help me get to where the action is; the numerous writers and artists around Occupy who welcomed me into their networks; numerous fellow MSM journalists who helped me out, including in Russia; two fixers in Cairo who were senior professionals displaced by the revolution, plus all the camera crews and producers I have worked with at these events. And of course my colleagues at the BBC who gave me the time and space to write this book. Andrew Kidd, my agent at Aitken Alexander, and successive Verso editors Tom Penn and Leo Hollis, together with Verso’s redoubtable activist/publicist Sarah Shin can be named in person. Everybody on my Twitter and Tumblr feeds. And a big thanks to 500 or so activists and journalists who refrained from rioting at the launch party of the book, in London’s Waterloo in January 2012, despite it being closed down by the authorities.
Paul Mason
November 2012
Index
Abdelrahman, Sarah, @sarrahsworld 11–12, 14, 135
Abdul, Rifat 22
academic research 146
activism: dynamic of 138; social networks impact on 138–41
affinity groups 136
age war 39
Agha-Soltan, Neda 35–36, 37
Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud 33–34
Al-Ahly, ultras
16–17
Alba, Celia 198
Ali, Ben 11
Alien (film)110
Al-Jazeera 14
American Civil War 172, 182
analogies 65
anomic breakdown 103–4
anti-capitalist demonstrations 33, 109
anti-globalization movement 45, 48, 189
anti-road movement 56
Antista, Larry 160–61, 170
Antista, Michelle 160–61
anti-war demonstrations 33
April 6th Youth Movement 10, 83, 147–48
Aquino, Benigno 198
Arabists, failure of 25–27
Arabs: image of 25; youth radicalization 33
Arab Spring, economics of 119–22
Architecture for Humanity 199
Arizona 164–67, 183
Arpaio, Sheriff Joe 165, 167
@AsmaaMahfouz 11, 177
asset price inflation 106–8
Associated Press 39
Athens 94; austerity protest, 15 June 2011 90; December 2008 uprising 32–33, 73, 76; general strike 99; Hotel Grande Bretagne 87, 101; the indignados 88, 100–1, 104; police tactics 95; protesters control 94–95; Syntagma Square 96; Syntagma Square protest, 14 June 2011 87–90; Syntagma Square protest, 29 June 2011 99–102; tax collectors protest 96–97; tear gas attacks 93–94, 100–1
Austria 172
automation, Marx on 143–44
autonomism 144
autonomy, personal 131, 139
Avatar (film) 29
Bahrain 25, 139
Baldera, Oliver 197
Barings Asset Management 121–22
Beck, Glenn 116, 117, 157, 158, 163, 181, 184, 186–87, 190, 192
Ben Ali, Zine El Abidine 25–26
@benvickers_ (art activist) 1
Berardi, Franco 144
Berlin Wall, fall of 65
Berlusconi, Silvio 17
Bernanke, Ben 118, 120–21, 123
Bernstein, Jared 117
Besson, Eric 17
Binay, Jejomar 204
Black Bloc, the 1, 58–59, 60–61, 94, 151
Black Jacobins, The (James) 149
Blair, Tony 17, 114, 178
Blanc, Louis 187
bloggers: American radical 184; Middle East arrests 76
Bouazizi, Mohamed 32, 71
bourgeois ideology 29