8 THE LONG ROAD HOME
1 On the families of the disappeared, the film The Official Story (1984) and La Cautiva (2011) are examples. See the www.madres.org and Marguerite Guzman Bouvard, Revolutionising Motherhood: The Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo (Latin American Silhouettes) (Wilmington, DE, 1994).
2 See John King and Nissa Torrents, The Garden of Forking Paths: Argentine Cinema (London, 1996).
3 See Zuzana M. Pick, The New Latin America Cinema: A Continental Project (Austin, TX, 1996), pp. 167–76.
4 Mario Benedetti, ‘El desexilio’, in El País [Madrid], 18 April 1983. It is republished as the prologue to M. Benedetti, El desexilio y otras conjeturas (Barcelona, 1986).
5 Thanks to Riikka Gonzalez for her help. See, too, Jutta Jaakkola (2000) on the website of the Finnish Music Information Centre: www.fimic.fi.
6 See Arcángel Pascual Vardaro’s very useful and well-informed El tango en la década del jo y otras cosas más (Desert Hot Springs, CA, 2011). Vardaro also points out the negative consequences of Japanese tango enthusiasm: people have bought and taken so many bandoneons that few remain in Argentina, and that the Japanese remastering of old record collections return in CD form but at very high prices.
7 Claire Spooner, ‘Explorations in Intimacy’, Therapy Today, XXII/2 (March 2011), p. 18.
8 Ernesto Sábato, Tango discusiòn y clave (Buenos Aires, 1963), p. 19. Quote in Eduardo Archetti, Masculinities (Berlin, 1989), p. 143.
9 Archetti, Masculinities, p. 149.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
This list is a selection, nothing more. There are many books on tango, many of them very recent, though very often devoted to the dance alone. There are also a huge number of websites devoted to tango, but by far the most comprehensive is: www.todotango.com.
Azzi, María Susana, Antropología del Tango – Los Protagonistas (Buenos Aires, 1991)
—, and Simon Collier, Le Grand Tango: The Life and Music of Astor Piazzolla (Oxford, 2000)
Castro, Donald S., The Argentine Tango as Social History, 1890–1933: The Soul of the People (New York, 1991)
Chichelnitsky M. and Omar Tambasco, Antología de letras de tango (Barcelona, 1999)
Collier, Simon, The Life, Music and Times of Carlos Gardel (Pittsburgh, PA, 1986)
—, Artemis Cooper, María Susana Azzi and Richard Martin, ¡Tango! (London, 1995)
Cunninghame, Graham, R., Rodeo: A Collection of Tales and Sketches (New York, 1936)
Deluy, H. and S. Yurkievich, Le Tango (Paris, 1988)
Denniston, Christine, The Meaning of Tango: The Story of the Argentinian Dance (London, 2007)
Ferrer, Horacio, El tango: su historia y evolución (Buenos Aires, 1964)
—, El libro del tango: crónica y diccionario, 1830–1977 (Buenos Aires, 1980)
—, El siglo de oro del tango (Buenos Aires, 1996)
Flores, Rafael, ‘No me lloren, crezcan: Carlos Gardel, centenario y tango inacabable’ in Cuadernos Hispanomericanos, XLVII/91 (1990), pp. 7–28
Foster, D. W., Imagination Beyond Nation (Pittsburgh, PA, 1998)
Gil, Lozano, F., Valeria Silvina Pita and María Gabriela Ini, eds, Historia de las mujeres en Argentina (Buenos Aires, 2000)
Gobello, José, Crónica general del tango (Buenos Aires, 1998)
—, Nuevo diccionario lunfardo: Buenos Aires, 1990
Gorín, Natalio, ed., Astor Piazzolla: a manera de memorias (Buenos Aires, 1990)
Guy, Donna, J., Sex and Danger in Buenos Aires: Prostitution, Family and Nation in Argentina (Lincoln, NE, 1991)
Historia del tango, La, 19 vols (Buenos Aires, 1976–87)
Hodges, Donald, Argentina, 1943–1976 (Albuquerque, NM, 1976)
James, Daniel, ‘Perón and the people’ in The Argentina Reader: History, Culture, Politics, ed. G. Nouzielles and Gabriela Montaldo (Durham, NC, 2002)
Kassabova, Kapka, Twelve Minutes of Love: A Tango Story (London, 2011)
Keeling, David, J., Buenos Aires: Global Dreams, Local Crises (Chichester, 1996)
Kukkonen, Pirjo, Tango Nostalgia: The Language of Love and Longing (Helsinki, 1996)
Kutri, Carlos, Piazzolla: la música límite (Buenos Aires, 1992)
Legido, Juan Carlos, La orilla oriental del tango: historia del tango uruguayo (Montevideo, 1994)
Matamoro, Blas, El Tango (Madrid, 1996)
Munck, Ronaldo, Argentina, from Anarchism to Peronism: Workers, Unions and Politics, 1855–1985 (London, 1987)
Pellicoro, Paul, On Tango (London, 2002)
Piazzolla, Diana, Astor (Buenos Aires, 1987)
Puccia, Enrique, H., El Buenos Aires de Angel Villoldo (Buenos Aires, 1976)
Rock, David, Argentina, 1516–1987 (London, 1987)
—, Politics in Argentina, 1890–1930: The Rise and Fall of Radicalism (Cambridge, 1975)
Romano, Eduardo, Las letras del tango: antología cronológica, 1900–1980 (Rosario, 1991)
Romero, Migdalia, Tango Lover’s Guide to Buenos Aires: Insights and Recommendations (Bloomington, IN, 2009)
Sábato, Ernesto, Tango, discusión y clave (Buenos Aires, 1963)
Salas, Horacio, El tango (Buenos Aires, 1986)
Salmon, Russell O., ‘The Tango: Its Origins and Meaning’, Journal of Popular Culture, X/45 (1977), pp. 859–66
Savigliano, Marta E., Tango and the Political Economy of Passion (Boulder, CA, 1995)
Scobie, James, Buenos Aires: Plaza to Suburb, 1870–1910 (New York, 1974)
Storm Roberts, John, The Latin Tinge (New York, 1999)
Taylor, Julie, Paper Tangos (Durham, NC, 2003)
—, ‘Tango: Themes of Class and Nation’, Ethnomusicology, XX/2 (May 1976), pp. 273–91
Turner, David, A Passion for Tango (Dingley, 2006)
Vardero, Arcángel Pascual, El tango en la década de los 30 (California, 2011)
Watter, Richard, J., Politics and Urban Growth in Buenos Aires, 1910–42 (Cambridge, 1993)
Wilson, Jason, Buenos Aires: A Cultural and Literary Companion (Oxford, 1999)
Winter, Brian, Long After Midnight at the Niño Bien: The Tango and Argentina (London, 2008)
Zumballaga, C., Gardel (Madrid, 1976)
DISCOGRAPHY AND FILMOGRAPHY
DISCOGRAPHY
There are close to 9,000 CDS of tango music currently available, so this is a tiny selection. We have tried to offer a representative sample as the basis for a collection.
Rough Guide to Tango, various artists, 2009, Proper, 1906063435, two-disc set
Rough Guide to Tango Nuevo, various artists, 2008, Proper, B0002LQUBK
Astor Piazolla The Soul of Tango: Greatest Hits, 2000, Milan Records, B00004NHEK
Astor Piazzolla, Jorge Calandrelli, Yo-Yo Ma, Antonio Agri, Piazolla: Soul of the Tango, 1997, Classical, B0000267PD
Astor Piazzolla and the Kronos Quartet, Piazolla: Five Tango Sensations, 1991, Nonesuch, B000005JOM
Adriana Varela, Vuelve el Tango, 2004, Nuevos Medios, B0000283HP
Mi Buenos Aires Querido, Carlos Gardel, Astor Piazzolla, Alberto Giunastera and Horacio Salgan, 1996, Teldec, B000000S97
Antologia Noble del Tango, 2006, Yoyousa, B00I4RRDZI, 6 discs
Aníbal Troilo, Tango – Completes, 2003, Magenta, B004213GSG, 2 discs
Glorias del Tango Series 1: Carlos Di Sarli, 2003, Selasco, B000VBDVIS
The Best of Carlos Gardel, 1998, EMI, B000006Q60
Carlos Gardel, Buenos Aires Tangos, Music Brokers, 2008, B00IAE3VIU
Le Tango à Paris 1907–1941, various artists, 1999, Frémeaux & Asssociés, B000027YA5
Los Grandes del Tango, Astor Piazzolla, Osvaldo Fresedo, Francisco Canaro, Miguel Calo, Florinda Sassone, Aníbal Troilo, Alfredo Gobbi, Juan D’Arienzo, Julio de Caro
Tango Argentino (The Original Cast Recording), 1999, Atlantic, B0000021J0
Bajofondo Tango Club, 2004, Commercial Marketing, B0000AKPNN
Tanghetto, Hybrid Tango, 2004, Constitution Music, B0009SQ430
Gotan Project, La Revancha del Tango, 2001, XL,
B00005QZH2
The Beginners Guide to Tango, 2004, Nascente, NSBOX 0I0, 3 discs
Buenos Aires Tango Lunfardo, 2008, Music Brokers, B001A17K68
Susana Rinaldi, Milonga por Tantas Cosas, 2005, Musicrama/Koch, B000A2X6H2
Los Grandes Clasicos Del Tango: Astor Piazzolla, 2001, Blue Moon, B000058E46
FILMOGRAPHY
Tango Bar, dir. John Reinhardt, USA, 1936
Last Tango in Paris, dir. Bernardo Bertolucci, France/Italy, 1973
El Exilio de Gardel (Tangos) dir. Fernando Solanas, France/Argentina, 1986
Tango Bar, dir. Marcos Zurinaga, Argentina/Puerto Rico, 1988
Sur, dir. Fernando Solanas, France/Argentina, 1990
Naked Tango, dir. Leonard Schrader, Switzerland/Argentina/Japan/USA, 1991
Tango, dir. Patrice Leconte, France, 1993
Scent of a Woman, dir. Martin Brest, USA, 1993
The Tango Lesson, dir. Sally Potter, UK/France/Argentina/Germany/Netherlands, 1997
Tango, dir. Carlos Saura, Spain/Argentina, 1999
Assassination Tango, dir. Robert Duvall, USA/Argentina, 2002
The Tango Dancer, dir. Francis Xavier, USA, 2006
Valentina’s Tango, dir. Rogelio Lobato, USA, 2007
El café de los maestros, dir. Miguel Kohan, USA/Brazil/UK/Argentina, 2008 (documentary)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Our thanks for their help and support go to Gerardo Ballesteros, Galo Cerón, Paddy Cunneen, Ricardo y Jenny in Edinburgh, Shona and Alistair in Glasgow, Norma and José in Buenos Aires, Lourdes (Lula) Contreras, Néstor Tarasona in Mérida and very special thanks to Carlos Rivodó.
COPYRIGHT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author and the publishers wish to express their thanks to the below sources for permission to reproduce copyright material:
‘Balada Para Un Loco’ (FERRER/PIAZZOLLA). Music by Astor Pantaleon Piazzolla and Horacio Ferrer. © Editorial Lagos (SADAIC), All Rights Administered by Warner Chappell Overseas Holdings Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
‘Cambalache’. Words and Music by Enrique Santos Discepolo. © Warner Chappell Music Argentina (SADAIC). All Rights Administered by Warner Chappell Overseas Holdings Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
‘Que Vachache’. Words and Music by Enrique Santos Discepolo. © Warner Chappell Music Argentina (SADAIC). All Rights Administered by Warner Chappell Overseas Holdings Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
‘Yira Yira’. Words and Music by Enrique Santos Discepolo. © Warner Chappell Music Argentina (SADAIC). All Rights Administered by Warner Chappell Overseas Holdings Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
‘Al mundo le falta un tornillo’. Words and Music by Enrique Cadícamo and José María Aguilar. © SADAIC, Buenos Aires, Argentina. All Rights Reserved.
‘La Puñalada’. Words and Music by Celedonio Flores and Pintin Castellanos. © SADAIC, Buenos Aires, Argentina. All Rights Reserved.
‘Lunes’. Words and Music by Francisco Garcia Jimenez and José Luis Padula. © SADAIC, Buenos Aires, Argentina. All Rights Reserved.
‘Muchacho’. Words and Music by Celedonio Flores and Edgarto Donato. © SADAIC, Buenos Aires, Argentina. All Rights Reserved.
‘Pan’. Words and Music by Celedonio Flores and Eduardo Pereyra. © SADAIC, Buenos Aires, Argentina. All Rights Reserved.
‘Pero yo sé’. Words and Music by Azucena Maizani. © SADAIC, Buenos Aires, Argentina. All Rights Reserved.
‘Se va la vida’. Words and Music by Maria Luisa Carnelli and Edgardo Donato. © SADAIC, Buenos Aires, Argentina. All Rights Reserved.
INDEX
academias 42, 45
Alberdi, Rafael 13
Anarchism 55, 58, 82, 83, 87, 88, 96, 145
Apache Dance 61, 62, 68
Aparicio, Julio 10
Armenonville, The 78, 84, 108
Arolas, Eduardo 72, 73, 90, 110
Arrabal 25, 28, 33, 34, 36, 45, 47, 49, 79, 91, 96, 99, 108
Avenida 5 de Mayo 23, 25, 40
Avenida 9 de Julio 137
‘bacán’ 29, 85, 91, 93
Bajofondo Tango Club 177
Baker, Josephine 66, 68
bandoneon 43, 51, 53, 71, 72, 92, 104, 109–12, 113
Bardi, Agustin 57
Bartok, Bela 164
Baudelaire 166, 167
Benedetti, Mario 173
Benjamin, Walter 39, 60
Berkeley, Busby 128
Black Bottom 77
‘boludo’ 29
Borges, Jorge Luis 27, 106
Boulanger, Nadia 159, 162
Brazil 16, 23, 136, 145
Britain 12, 13, 16, 22, 38, 144, 145, 172
brothels 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34, 40, 58, 60, 61, 64, 72, 85, 88, 91, 110, 131, 137
Buenos Aires, districts
Avellaneda 41
Barracas 41
Barrio Norte 24, 34
Belgrano 24, 34, 106
Florida 24, 148
La Boca 24, 25, 40, 51, 64, 91
(Nueva) Pompeya 40, 51, 91, 158
Palermo 29, 58,
Burton, Gary 167, 175
cabecitas negras 139, 145, 152
Cabrujas, José Ignacio 116
Cadícamo, Enrique 27, 128, 129
Café de los maestro (dir. Salles) 180
Café de Paris 62
Café Royale 78
Café Tortoni 85
cafishio 27, 44
Cafrune, Jorge 152, 171, 175
cakewalk 67
Cámpora, Hector 169
Canaro, Francisco 35, 77, 104, 123, 180
Canaro, Juan 180
Carnelli, Maria Luisa 186
Caruso, J. A. 100, 102
Casa de Laura 41
Castillo, Cátulo 51, 90, 142, 158
Castle, Vernon and Irene 67, 71, 73, 74, 175
caudillos 18, 33
chacarera 32
chamame 157
Champs Elysées, Paris 39
Charleston 77
cholera 20
Civil Code of 1871 26, 40, 46
Cobian, Juan Carlos 115
cocaine 96
Cocoliche 44
Cocteau, Jean 66
Colombia 105
Communist Partyof Argentina 147, 151, 153
‘compadrito’ 19, 28, 31, 32, 33, 44, 48, 85, 93, 95, 98, 113, 158
confiterías 139, 158
Constitution of 1852 14
Contursi, Jose Maria 142
Contursi, Pascual 51, 88, 89, 90, 94, 95, 96, 99, 108, 109, 130
conventillo 24, 23, 26, 34, 45, 47, 49, 77, 91, 93, 96, 130
Copes, Juan Carlos 175
Cordobazo 155
Corrientes province 13, 16
Corrientes Street 93, 137, 140, 161
Corsini, Ignacio 138
Cunninghame Graham, Robert 58, 70
D’Arienzo, Juan 139, 140
Dario, Ruben 167
De Caro, Julio 110, 124
death squads 170
Debussy, Claude 59, 164
década infame, la 136, 148
Del Carril, Hugo 150, 153
descamisados 145, 147, 149
Di Carli, Carlos 139
Diaghilev, Sergei Pavlovich 64
Dirty War, the 171, 173
Discépolo see Santos Discépolo
Discos Nacional 87, 88, 178
Don Segundo Sombra 65
Donato, Edgardo 137
Eastern Europe 20, 21, 22, 25
El Cachafaz (Ovidio José Blanquet) 53, 34, 137, 175
El dia que me quieras (film) 161
El dia que me quieras (play) 116
El Velódromo (district) 53
Eleiza airport shootings 156
Elvino Vardaro Sextet 161
Evita (Peron) 137, 143, 143, 147, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 169
Exhibition of African Art, Paris, in 1905 59
Exilio de Gardel: Tangos 167, 172, 173
Facundo 13, 14
Falcon, Ada 137
fashion and tango 69
Felix,
Maria 105
Ferrer, Horacio 161, 164–7
Filiberto, Juan de Dios 123
Finland 177, 178
Fiorentino, Francisco 124, 140
Firpo, Roberto 78, 88, 123
Flores, Celedonio 30, 51, 86, 90, 109, 117, 142, 148, 149, 156, 157
Florida Street 42, 93, 106
Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse 68, 76
Francini, Enrique Mario 159
Fresedo, Osvaldo 137, 139
Fujisawa, Ranko 180
Gálvez, Manuel 46, 58
García, Charly 171
Gardel, Carlos 90, 94, 105–23, 107, 125, 131, 136, 138, 149, 161, 173
Gardel–Razzano duo 90, 108
Garnier, Louis 115
gauchos 14, 15, 18, 20, 29, 31, 36, 41, 65, 73
Gieco, Leon 171, 175
Ginastera, Alberto 162
Glucksmann, Max 86, 87, 90, 178
Gobbi, Alfredo 140
Gobbi, Alfredo Eusebio 47, 63
Golden Age of tango 47, 57, 109, 111, 122, 139, 140, 150, 153, 173, 175, 180
Goñi, Orlando 161
Gonzalez Castillo, Jose 51, 53, 90
Gotan Project 177
GOU (United Officers Group) 146
Goyeheneche, Roberto 98
Goyeneche, Roberto 124, 175
Great Universal Exhibition, Paris, of 1900 60–61
Greco, Vicente 57, 78, 87, 89
Grela, Roberto 159
Guardia Nueva 110, 158, 175
Güiraldes, Ricardo 65, 106
Don Segundo Sombra 65
‘Tango’ 65
habanera 28
Harrod’s 42, 93, 106
Hernández, José 17
Hollywood 38, 117, 138
Hora de los Hornos, La (film) 172
Illía, Arturo 155
Infante, Pedro 106
‘Innovation, the’ 74
Inquilinos, Los 55
International Novelty Orchestra 75
Isabelita (Maria Isabel) Perón 155, 169
Italy 20, 38
Jews 20, 21, 25
Joyeux Negres, Les 59
Kamatsu, Ryota 180
Kronos Quartet 175
Lamarque, Libertad 122, 137, 146
Lanusse, Alejandro 155
Laurenz, Pedro 159, 161
Law of Residence of 1902 82
Law of Social Defence of 1910 82, 83, 87
Le Pera, Alfredo 94, 109, 114, 115, 117, 119, 121
Lenzi, Carlos César 93
Levingston, General Roberto M. 155
Lo de Hansen (district) 53, 85,
Lonardi, General 153, 154
López Rega, José 156, 169
Tango Page 18