Author’s Note
Mary and William Stafford lived happily together at Rochford. When her parents died (in 1538 and 1539), Mary inherited the whole of the Boleyn family holdings in Essex, and she and William became wealthy landowners.
She died in 1543 and her son, Henry Carey, rose to become a major advisor and courtier at the court of his cousin, Queen Elizabeth I, the greatest queen England ever had. She made him Viscount Hunsdon. Mary’s daughter Catherine married Sir Francis Knollys and founded a great Elizabethan dynasty.
I am indebted to Retha M. Warnicke, whose book The Rise and Fall of Anne Boleyn has been a most helpful source for this story. I have followed Warnicke’s original and provocative thesis that the homosexual ring around Anne, including her brother George, and her last miscarriage created a climate in which the king could accuse her of witchcraft and perverse sexual practices.
I am very grateful to the following authors, whose books helped me to trace the otherwise untold story of Mary Boleyn, or provided background for the period:
Bindoff, S. T., Pelican History of England: Tudor England, Penguin, 1993
Bruce, Marie Louise, Anne Boleyn, Collins, 1972
Cressy, David, Birth, Marriage and Death, ritual religions and the life-cycle in Tudor and Stuart England, OUP, 1977
Darby, H. C., A new historical geography of England before 1600, CUP, 1976
Elton, G. R., England under the Tudors, Methuen, 1955
Fletcher, Anthony, Tudor Rebellions, Longman, 1968
Guy, John, Tudor England, OUP, 1988
Haynes, Alan, Sex in Elizabethan England, Sutton, 1997
Loades, David, The Tudor Court, Batsford, 1986
Loades, David, Henry VIII and his Queens, Sutton, 2000
Mackie, J. D., Oxford History of England, The Earlier Tudors, OUP, 1952
Plowden, Alison, Tudor Women, Queens and Commoners, Sutton, 1998
Randell, Keith, Henry VIII and the Reformation in England, Hodder, 1993
Scarisbrick, J. J., Yale English Monarchs: Henry VIII, YUP, 1997
Smith, Baldwin Lacey, A Tudor Tragedy, the life and times of Catherine Howard, Cape, 1961
Starkey, David, The Reign of Henry VIII, Personalities and Politics, G. Philip, 1985
Starkey, David, Henry VIII: A European Court in England, Collins and Brown, 1991
Tillyard, E. M. W., The Elizabethan World Picture, Pimlico, 1943
Turner, Robert, Elizabethan Magic, Element, 1989
Warnicke, Retha M., The Rise and Fall of Anne Boleyn, CUP, 1991
Weir, Alison, The Six Wives of Henry VIII, Pimlico, 1997
Young, Joyce, Penguin Social History of Britain, Penguin
PHILIPPA GREGORY
THE BOLEYN INHERITANCE
Dedication
For Anthony
Contents
Cover
Title Page
Dedication
Jane Boleyn, Blickling Hall, Norfolk, July 1539
Anne, Duchess of Cleves, Duren, Cleves, July 1539
Katherine, Norfolk House, Lambeth, July 1539
Jane Boleyn, Blickling Hall, Norfolk, November 1539
Anne, Cleves Town, November 1539
Katherine, Norfolk House, Lambeth, November 1539
Jane Boleyn, Greenwich Palace, December 1539
Katherine, Norfolk House, Lambeth, December 1539
Anne, Calais, December 1539
Jane Boleyn, Calais, December 1539
Katherine, Norfolk House, Lambeth, December 1539
Anne, Calais, December 1539
Jane Boleyn, Rochester, December 1539
Katherine, Rochester, New Year’s Eve 1539
Jane Boleyn, Rochester, New Year’s Eve 1539
Katherine, Rochester, New Year’s Eve 1539
Jane Boleyn, Rochester, New Year’s Eve 1539
Anne, New Year’s Day, on the road to Dartford, 1540
Katherine, Dartford, 2 January 1540
Anne, Blackheath, 3 January 1540
Katherine, Greenwich Palace, 3 January 1540
Jane Boleyn, Greenwich Palace, 3 January 1540
Anne, Greenwich Palace, 3 January 1540
Katherine, Greenwich Palace, 6 January 1540
Anne, Greenwich Palace, 6 January 1540
Jane Boleyn, Greenwich Palace, 6 January 1540
Anne, Greenwich Palace, 6 January 1540
Katherine, Greenwich Palace, 7 January 1540
Jane Boleyn, Whitehall Palace, January 1540
Anne, Whitehall Palace, January 1540
Katherine, Whitehall Palace, January 1540
Anne, Whitehall Palace, 11 January 1540
Jane Boleyn, Whitehall Palace, February 1540
Katherine, Whitehall Palace, February 1540
Anne, Hampton Court, March 1540
Jane Boleyn, Hampton Court, March 1540
Katherine, Hampton Court, March 1540
Anne, Hampton Court, March 1540
Jane Boleyn, Hampton Court, March 1540
Katherine, Hampton Court, March 1540
Anne, Hampton Court, March 1540
Katherine, Hampton Court, March 1540
Jane Boleyn, Hampton Court, March 1540
Katherine, Westminster Palace, April 1540
Anne, Westminster Palace, April 1540
Jane Boleyn, Westminster Palace, May 1540
Anne, Westminster Palace, June 1540
Jane Boleyn, Westminster Palace, June 1540
Katherine, Norfolk House, Lambeth, June 1540
Anne, Westminster Palace, 10 June 1540
Jane Boleyn, Westminster Palace, 24 June, 1540
Anne, Richmond Palace, July 1540
Jane Boleyn, Westminster Palace, 7 July 1540
Anne, Richmond Palace, 8 July 1540
Jane Boleyn, Richmond Palace, 8 July 1540
Katherine, Norfolk House, Lambeth, 9 July 1540
Anne, Richmond Palace, 12 July 1540
Katherine, Norfolk House, Lambeth, 12 July 1540
Anne, Richmond Palace, 13 July 1540
Queen Katherine, Oatlands Palace, 28 July 1540
Jane Boleyn, Oatlands Palace, 30 July 1540
Anne, Richmond Palace, 6 August 1540
Katherine, Hampton Court, August 1540
Jane Boleyn, Windsor Palace, October 1540
Katherine, Hampton Court, October 1540
Anne, Richmond Palace, October 1540
Jane Boleyn, Hampton Court, October 1540
Katherine, Hampton Court, October 1540
Jane Boleyn, Hampton Court, October 1540
Anne, Richmond Palace, November 1540
Jane Boleyn, Hampton Court, Christmas 1540
Katherine, Hampton Court, Christmas 1540
Jane Boleyn, Hampton Court, Christmas 1540
Anne, Hampton Court, Christmas 1540
Jane Boleyn, Hampton Court, New Year 1541
Anne, Richmond Palace, February 1541
Katherine, Hampton Court, March 1541
Jane Boleyn, Hampton Court, March 1541
Katherine, Hampton Court, March 1541
Anne, Richmond Palace, March 1541
Jane Boleyn, Hampton Court, April 1541
Katherine, Hampton Court, April 1541
Jane Boleyn, Hampton Court, April 1541
Anne, Richmond Palace, April 1541
Jane Boleyn, Hampton Court, April 1541
Katherine, Hampton Court, April 1541
Anne, Richmond Palace, May 1541
Jane Boleyn, Hampton Court, June 1541
Anne, Richmond Palace, June 1541
Jane Boleyn, Hampton Court, July 1541
Katherine, Lincoln Castle, August 1541
Jane Boleyn, Pontefract Castle, August 1541
Anne, Richmond Palace, September 1541
Katherine, King’s Manor, York, September 1541
Jane Boleyn, Ampthill, October 1541
Anne, Richmond Palace, November 1541
Katherine, Hampton Court, Novemb
er 1541
Jane Boleyn, Hampton Court, November 1541
Anne, Richmond Palace, November 1541
Katherine, Syon Abbey, November 1541
Jane Boleyn, the Tower of London, November 1541
Anne, Richmond Palace, December 1541
Katherine, Syon Abbey, Christmas 1541
Jane Boleyn, the Tower of London, January 1542
Anne, Richmond Palace, February 1542
Jane Boleyn, the Tower of London, February 1542
Katherine, Syon Abbey, February 1542
Jane Boleyn, the Tower of London, 13 February 1542
Five years later Anne, Hever Castle, January 1547
Author’s Note
Jane Boleyn, Blickling Hall, Norfolk, July 1539
It is hot today, the wind blows over the flat fields and marshes with the stink of the plague. In weather like this, if my husband were still with me, we would not be trapped in one place, watching a leaden dawn and a sunset of dull red; we would be travelling with the king’s court, on progress through the weald and downland of Hampshire and Sussex, the richest and most beautiful countryside in all of England, riding high on the hilly roads and looking out for the first sight of the sea. We would be out hunting every morning, dining under the thick canopy of the trees at midday and dancing in the great hall of some country house at night in the yellow light of flickering torches. We were friends with the greatest families in the land, we were the favourites of the king, kin to the queen. We were beloved; we were the Boleyns, the most beautiful, sophisticated family at the court. Nobody knew George without desiring him, nobody could resist Anne, everyone courted me as a passport to their attention. George was dazzling, dark-haired, dark-eyed and handsome, always mounted on the finest horses, always at the side of the queen. Anne was at the peak of her beauty and her wits, as alluring as dark honey. And I went everywhere with them.
The two of them used to ride together, racing, neck and neck like lovers, and I could hear their laughter over the thudding of the hooves as they went flying by. Sometimes, when I saw them together, so rich, so young, so beautiful, I couldn’t tell which of them I loved more.
All the court was besotted with the two of them, those dark Boleyn flirtatious looks, their high living: such gamblers, such lovers of risk; both so fervent for their reform of the church, so quick and clever in argument, so daring in their reading and thoughts. From the king to the kitchenmaid there was not one person who was not dazzled by the pair of them. Even now, three years on, I cannot believe that we will never see them again. Surely, a couple so young, so radiant with life, cannot simply die? In my mind, in my heart, they are still riding out together, still young, still beautiful. And why would I not passionately long for this to be true? It has only been three years since I last saw them; three years, two months and nine days since his careless fingers brushed against mine, and he smiled and said ‘Good day, wife, I must go, I have everything to do today,’ and it was a May Day morning and we were preparing for the tournament. I knew he and his sister were in trouble, but I did not know how much.
Every day in this new life of mine I walk to the crossroads in the village, where there is a dirty milestone to the London road. Picked out in mud and lichen, the carving says ‘London, 120 miles’. It is such a long way, such a long way away. Every day I bend down and touch it, like a talisman, and then I turn back again to my father’s house, which is now so small to me, who has lived in the king’s greatest palaces. I live on my brother’s charity, on the goodwill of his wife who cares nothing for me, on a pension from Thomas Cromwell the upstart moneylender, who is the king’s new great friend. I am a poor neighbour living in the shadow of the great house that was once my own, a Boleyn house, one of our many houses. I live quietly, cheaply, like a widow with no house of my own that no man wants.
And this is because I am a widow with no house of my own that no man wants. A woman of nearly thirty years old, with a face scored by disappointment, mother to an absent son, a widow without prospect of re-marriage, the sole survivor of an unlucky family, heiress to scandal.
My dream is that one day this luck will change. I will see a messenger in Howard livery riding down this very road, bringing a letter for me, a letter from the Duke of Norfolk, to summon me back to court, to tell me that there is work for me to do again: a queen to serve, secrets to whisper, plots to hatch, the unending double-dealing life of a courtier, at which he is so expert, and I am his greatest pupil. My dream is that the world will change again, swing topsy-turvy until we are uppermost once more, and I am restored. I saved the duke once, when we were in the worst danger, and in return he saved me. Our great sorrow was that we could not save the two of them, the two who now ride and laugh and dance only in my dreams. I touch the milestone once more, and imagine that tomorrow the messenger will come. He will hold out a paper, sealed with the Howard crest deep and shiny in the red wax. ‘A message for Jane Boleyn, the Viscountess Rochford?’ he will ask, looking at my plain kirtle and the dust on the hem of my gown, my hand stained with dirt from the London milestone.
‘I will take it,’ I shall say. ‘I am her. I have been waiting for ever.’ And I shall take it in my dirty hand: my inheritance.
Anne, Duchess of Cleves, Duren, Cleves, July 1539
I hardly dare to breathe. I am as still as a block, a smile stuck on my face, my eyes wide open, looking boldly at the artist, appearing, I hope, trustworthy, my frank stare indicating honesty but not immodesty. My borrowed jewels are the best that my mother could lay her hands on, designed to show to a critical viewer that we are not quite paupers, even though my brother will offer no dowry to pay a husband. The king will have to choose me for my pleasant appearance and political connections. I have nothing else to offer. But he must choose me. I am absolutely determined that he will choose me. It is everything to me to get away from here.
On the other side of the room, carefully not observing my portrait forming under the painter’s quick, sweeping strokes of the crayon, is my sister, awaiting her turn. God forgive me, but I pray that the king does not choose her. She is eager as me for the chance to leave Cleves, and to leap to such greatness as the throne of England; but she does not need it as I do. No girl in the world can need it as I do.
Not that I will speak so much as one word against my brother, nothing now, and nothing in the years to come. I will never say anything against him. He is a model son to my mother, and a worthy successor to the dukedom of Cleves. During the last months of my poor father’s life, when he was clearly as mad as any fool, it was my brother who wrestled him into his chamber, locked the door from the outside and publicly gave out that he had a fever. It was my brother who forbade my mother to summon physicians or even preachers to expel the devils that occupied my poor father’s wandering brains. It was my brother, cunning – like an ox is cunning, in a slow mean way – who said that we must claim my father was a drunkard rather than allow the taint of madness to diminish our family reputation. We will not make our way in the world if there is suspicion against our blood. But if we slander our own father, call him a sot, having denied him the help that he so desperately needed, then we may yet rise. This way I will make a good marriage. This way my sister will make a good marriage. This way my brother can make a good marriage and the future of our house is assured, even though my father fought his demons alone, and without help.
Hearing my father whimper at the door of his chamber that he was a good boy now, and would we let him out? Hearing my brother answer so steadily and so firmly that he could not come out, I wondered then if actually we had it all wrong, and my brother was already as mad as my father, my mother too, and the only sane one in this household was me, since I alone was dumb with horror at what we were doing. But I didn’t tell anyone that thought, either.
Since my earliest childhood I have served under my brother’s discipline. He was always to be duke of these lands sheltered between the rivers of the Meuse and the Rhine. A small enough patrimony; but one so well-pla
ced that every power of Europe seeks our friendship: France, the Hapsburg Spanish and Austrians, the Holy Roman Emperor, the Pope himself, and now Henry of England. Cleves is the keyhole to the heart of Europe, and the Duke of Cleves is the key. No wonder that my brother values himself so highly, he is right to value himself so highly; it is only I who sometimes wonder if he is not, in truth, a petty princeling seated below the salt at the grand banquet which is Christendom. But I tell no-one I think this, not even my sister Amelia. I do not trust anyone very readily.
He commands my mother by right of the greatness of his position in the world and she is his Lord Chamberlain, his Major Domo, his Pope. With her blessing, my brother commands my sister and myself because he is the son and the heir and we are burdens. He is a young man with a future of power and opportunity and we are young women destined to be either wives and mothers at the very best; or spinster-parasites at the worst. My older sister Sybilla has already escaped; she left home as soon as she could, as soon as her marriage could be arranged, she is now free of the tyranny of fraternal attention. I have to go next. It has to be me next. I must be freed. They cannot be so pointlessly cruel to me to send Amelia in my place. Her chance will come, her time will come. But I am the next sister in line, it has to be me. I cannot imagine why they even offered Amelia, unless it was to frighten me into greater subservience. If so, it has worked. I am terrified that I will be overlooked for a younger girl, and my brother has let this come about. In truth, he ignores his own best interests to torment me.
My brother is a petty duke, in every sense of the word. When my father died, still whispering for someone to open the door, my brother stepped into his shoes but can never fill them. My father was a man in the wider world, he attended the courts of France and Spain, he travelled in Europe. My brother, staying at home as he has done, thinks that the world can show him nothing greater than his own duchy. He thinks there is no greater book than the Bible, no better church than one with bare walls, no better guide than his own conscience. With only a small household to rule, his command falls very heavily on very few servants. With only a small inheritance, he is alert to the needs of his own dignity, and I, who lack dignity, feel the full weight of his. When he is drunk or happy he calls me the most rebellious of his subjects and pets me with a heavy hand. When he is sober or irritated he says that I am a girl who does not know her place and threatens to lock me in my room.
Philippa Gregory 3-Book Tudor Collection 1 Page 113