by Hp Newquist
I want to thank my parents, for all of the blood, sweat, and tears they’ve shed for me over the decades. Thanks also to my blood relatives and their families, especially my nieces and nephews, as well as my extended family—by blood and marriage—for their ongoing interest and support. A full pint of gratitude to those who have been my blood brothers over the years: Michael Johnson and family, Tucker Greco and family, Bill Brahos and family, Peter Fitzpatrick, Bill McGuinness, Jim Shinnick, Al Mowrer, Philip Chapnick, and David Hill. And to Pete Prown and Rich Maloof, with whom I’ve put blood on many pages, and drawn blood during many discussions.
And finally, the three women for whom I would gladly spill my own blood: Trini, Madeline, and Katherine.
Index
Page references set in italics refer to illustrations and/or captions.
A
allergies, [>], [>]
ancient cultures
Aztecs, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Babylonians, [>]
Chinese, [>], [>]
Egyptians, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Greeks, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>] (See also Hippocrates)
Hebrews, [>], [>]
Hindus, [>]
Mayans, [>], [>]–[>]
Mesopotamia, [>]
Romans, [>], [>], [>]
animals
other colors and kinds of blood, [>]–[>]
who use blood as food, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
antibodies, [>], [>]
anticoagulants, [>], [>], [>]
arteries
arterioles, [>]
carotid, [>], [>]
Circle of Willis, [>]–[>]
early study, [>], [>], [>], [>]
hepatic, [>]
plaque buildup, [>], [>] pulmonary, [>], [>]
renal, [>]
splenic, [>]
astrology, [>]
B
basophils, [>]
Báthory, Elizabeth, [>]–[>], [>]
bats, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
bedbugs, [>], [>]
Bible, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
bilirubin, [>]
blood
artificial, [>], [>]
components, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] (See also plasma; platelets; red blood cells; white blood cells)
cost issues, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
emotional response to, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
as food for animals, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
as food for humans, [>]
loss of, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
nonhuman, [>]–[>]
physiology (See circulatory system; physiology of blood)
use in language, [>]–[>]
volume in the human body, [>]
weeping, [>]
blood-brain barrier, [>], [>], [>]
blood clots, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]. See also anticoagulants
bloodletting. See medicine, bloodletting; sacrifice and ritual bloodletting
blood pressure, [>]
blood types and blood groups, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Blundell, James, [>]–[>]
brain, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]. See also blood-brain barrier
C
Calvin, John, [>]
capillaries, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
carbon dioxide, [>], [>], [>], [>]
cardiovascular system, [>], [>]. See also circulatory system
cells. See red blood cells; stem cells; white blood cells
cerebrospinal fluid, [>]–[>]
childbirth, [>], [>]
circulatory system
in the brain, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
description, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
in the kidneys, [>]–[>], [>]
in the liver, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
one-directional flow, [>]
one place where arterial and venous blood mix, [>]
one place where fresh and used blood mix, [>], [>]
open, [>], [>]
pulmonary loop, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
in the small intestine, [>]–[>], [>]
in the spleen, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
systemic loop, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
time for one circuit, [>]
cockroaches, [>], [>]
cold-blooded and warm-blooded, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
collagen, [>], [>]
colors of blood, [>]. See also red color of blood corpses, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
crabs, horseshoe, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
D
Denis, Jean-Baptiste, [>], [>]–[>]
digestion, [>]–[>]
disease
AIDS, [>], [>], [>]–[>]
anemia, [>]
anthrax, [>], [>]
cancer, [>], [>], [>]
carried by bats, [>]
carried by mosquitoes, [>]–[>], [>]
caused by bacteria or viruses, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
common cold, [>], [>]–[>]
defense against (See immune system)
dengue fever, [>]
diabetes, [>]
encephalomyelitis, [>]
heart, [>]–[>], [>]
hemophilia, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
malaria, [>], [>]
meningitis, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
plague, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
pneumonia, [>], [>]
polio, [>]
porphyria, [>]–[>]
rabies, [>]
septicemia, [>]
smallpox, [>]
spread by corpses, [>]
sulfhemoglobinemia, [>]
West Nile virus, [>]
yellow fever, [>]
DNA, [>]
donating blood, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]. See also transfusion, blood
drinking blood, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]. See also animals, who use blood as food; vampires and the undead
E
eosinophils, [>]
Europe, in the Dark Ages, [>]–[>]
F
fibrin, [>], [>], [>], [>]
food, blood as, [>]–[>], [>]
G
Galen of Pergamon, Claudius, [>]–[>], [>]
genetics, [>], [>]
glucose, [>], [>], [>]
gods and goddesses, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>] [>],
H
Harvey, William, [>]–[>], [>]
heart
beating of the, [>], [>], [>], [>]
control of the pulmonary loop, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
control of the systemic loop, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
description, [>], [>], [>]
early study, [>]
heart attack, [>], [>]
hemocyanin, [>], [>]
hemoglobin, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
hemorrhage, [>]–[>]
hemovanadin, [>]
Herophilus, [>], [>]
Hippocrates, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
human body
anatomy, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
dead (See corpses)
miles of blood vessels, [>], [>], [>]
volume of blood, [>]
I
Ibn al-Nafis, [>]–[>], [>]
icefish, mackerel, [>]–[>], [>]
immune system
attack upon transfused blood, [>], [>], [>]
description, [>], [>]
fever, [>]
illness due to weak, [>]
inflammation, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
lymphatic system, [>]
white blood cells, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
injuries and wounds, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
intestines, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
K
kidneys, [>]–[>], [>]
L
lancets, [>]–[>], [>]
Landsteiner, Karl, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
leeches, [>]–[>], [>], [>]�
�[>], [>]
liver, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
lizards, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
loss of blood, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
Lower, Robert, [>], [>]
lungs, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
lymphatic system, [>]
lymphocytes, [>], [>], [>]
M
marrow, [>]–[>], [>]
medicine
bloodletting, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>] [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
blood transfusion (See transfusion, blood)
drinking blood, [>]
early study by dissection, [>]–[>], [>]
the four humors, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>] [>]
Hippocratic oath, [>], [>]
importance of rest, [>], [>]
leeches, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
practiced by barbers, [>]–[>], [>]
testing drugs/instruments with blood, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
use of drugs, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
microscope, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
mollusks, [>], [>], [>]
monocytes, [>]
mosquitos, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
N
nephrons, [>]
neutrophils, [>], [>]
O
oxygen
absorbed by cells, [>], [>]
attached to hemocyanin, [>], [>]
attached to hemoglobin, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
attached to hemovanadin, [>]
carried by red blood cells, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
P
Pasteur, Louis, [>]
phlebotomy. See medicine, bloodletting
physiology of blood. See also circulatory system
cleansed by monocytes, [>]
cleansed in the kidneys, [>]–[>]
cleansed in the liver, [>]–[>]
cleansed in the spleen, [>]–[>]
creation in fetal liver, [>]
creation in marrow, [>]–[>], [>]
function, [>], [>] (See also carbon dioxide; oxygen)
plaque, [>], [>]
plasma, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
platelets, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
pulse, [>], [>], [>]
pus, [>]
R
red blood cells (corpuscles; erythrocytes)
in blood banks, [>]
and blood type, [>]
description, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
oxygen carried by, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
recycled by the spleen, [>]–[>]
seen through a microscope, [>], [>]
red color of blood
in the Bible, [>]
due to oxygen, [>], [>]
hemoglobin bound with oxygen, [>], [>], [>], [>]
symbolism, [>]
religions and beliefs
biblical references to blood, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
and blood transfusion, [>]
creation myth, [>]
deities, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
sacrifice and ritual bloodletting, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Rh factor, [>]
S
sacrifice and ritual bloodletting, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
scabs, [>]–[>], [>]
Servetus, Michael, [>]–[>], [>]
shock, [>]
spleen, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
stem cells, [>]
stomach, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
stroke, [>], [>], [>], [>]
T
tissue, blood as, [>]–[>]
transfusion, blood, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
U
urine, [>]
V
vampires and the undead
books, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
inspirations for legends, [>], [>], [>]–[>]
killed with a stake, [>]
movies, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
TV shows, [>], [>]
Van Leeuwenhoek, Anton, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
veins
bluish appearance, [>], [>]
early study, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
hepatic, [>], [>]
portal, [>]
pulmonary, [>], [>], [>]
vena cava, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
venules, [>], [>], [>]
Vlad the Impaler, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
W
Washington, George, [>], [>], [>]–[>]
white blood cells
basophils, [>]
creation in marrow, [>]
description, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
eosinophils, [>]
function, [>]–[>]
lymphocytes, [>], [>], [>]
monocytes, [>]
neutrophils, [>], [>]
reasons for transfusion of, [>]–[>]
recycled by the spleen, [>]–[>]
role in the immune system, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Willis, Thomas, [>]–[>]