30.Clive, p. 153
31.Somerville, pp. 92–3
32.Greville, II, p. 135
Chapter Six: King as angel
1.Creevey, II, p. 226
2.Arbuthnot, II, p. 417
3.Brock, p. 187
4.Hansard, House of Commons 12 April 1831
5.Hansard, House of Commons 2 March 1831; The Times, 9 December 1830
6.Wicks, p. 69
7.Wicks, p. 69
8.Grey Correspondence, I, p. 136
9.Mahon, Stanhope MSS, C305/1
10.Brock, p. 186
11.Cockburn, I, p. 317
12.Croker, II, p. 112; Le Marchant, p. 92
13.Brock, p. 182
14.DNB 2004, R.H. Vetch, rev. K.D. Reynolds, ‘Taylor, Sir Herbert’
15.Grey Correspondence, I, pp. 237–8
16.Grey Correspondence, I, p. 234, note
17.Trevelyan, Grey, p. 295
18.Brougham, p. 116
19.Reid, I, p. 258
20.Hansard, House of Commons 22 April 1831
21.Broughton, p. 105
22.Cockburn, I, p. 318; Greville, II, p. 139
23.Trevelyan, Grey, App. F, pp. 382–4
24.Greville, II, p. 139
25.Ziegler, William IV, p. 187
26.Queen Adelaide’s Diary, p. 123, 22 April 1831; Hopkirk, p. 110
27.Brock, p. 181
28.Liverpool Chronicle, 7 May 1831
29.Knowles, King Alfred, V. iii
30.Robinson, p. 300; H. of C., V, p. 266
31.Longford, pp. 267–8
32.WND, VII, p. 440
33.Ferguson, pp. 241–2
Chapter Seven: Away went Gilpin
1.The Times, 29 April 1831
2.Brock, p. 18
3.DNB 2004, K.D. Reynolds, ‘First Earl of Munster’
4.Ziegler, William IV, p. 158
5.ibid.
6.Begent and Chesshyre, p. 74
7.WND, VII, p. 449; Lieven, II, p. 222; Arbuthnot, II, p. 420
8.The Times, 23 May 1831
9.H. of C., VII, p. 239; Hansard, House of Commons 18 February 1830; Brock, p. 149
10.Althorp Letters, p. 155
11.Huxley, pp. 97–8
12.Prest, p. 43
13.Brock, p. 49
14.Moss, p. 196
15.Wicks, p. 71; Sadleir, p. 160
16.Pearce, p. 156
17.Brock, p. 211
18.Morley, p. 70
19.WND, VII, p. 451
20.Holland Diaries, p. 17
21.Pearce, p. 151
22.Brown, p. 167
23.Hansard, House of Commons 24 June 1831
24.Moss, p. 197
25.Hansard, House of Commons 6 July 1831
26.Trevelyan, Macaulay, I, p. 223
27.Aspinall, Diaries, p. 110; Hawkins, p. 95
28.Le Marchant, p. 345
29.Le Marchant, pp. 325 et seq.
30.Holland Diaries, p. 17
31.Holland Diaries, p. 21; Aspinall, Diaries, p. 107
32.Trevelyan, William IV, no. xxi
33.Watkins, p. 695
34.Grey Correspondence, I, p. 310
35.Aspinall, Diaries, p. 126
36.Le Marchant, p. 340
Chapter Eight: Confound their politics
1.The Times, 5 September 1831
2.Moss, p. 198
3.Greville, II, p. 160; Trevelyan, Macaulay, I, p. 244
4.Strong, p. 372
5.Strong, p. 378
6.Greville, II, p. 197
7.Hansard, House of Commons 20 September 1831;Macbeth, III. i
8.Le Marchant, p. 120; H. of C., IV, pp. 426 et seq.; DNB 2004, Marc Baer, ‘Burdett, Sir Francis’
9.Le Marchant, p. 347
10.DNB 2004, Philip J. Salmon, ‘Parkes, Joseph’
11.Buckley, p. 73
12.Melbourne Papers, pp. 129–30
13.H. of C., VI, pp. 6 et seq.
14.Hansard, House of Lords 3 October 1831
15.Trevelyan, Grey, p. 306; Aspinall, Diaries, p. 135; Cecil, Melbourne, p. 257
16.Aspinall, Diaries, p. 140
17.The Times, 4 October 1831
18.Grey MSS, Box 34
19.Wallas, pp. 263–4; Hobsbawm and Rudé, p. 158; Trevelyan, Grey, p. 290
20.Moss, p. 202; Hamburger, pp. 132–9
21.Hamburger, p. 132, note 21
22.The Times, 6 October 1831
23.The Times, 5 October 1831
24.Hansard, House of Lords 5–6 October 1831
25.Aspinall, Diaries, p. 95
26.Hansard, House of Lords 7 October 1831
27.Ibid.
28.Lee, p. 134
29.Aspinall, Diaries, p. 143; p. 147; Trevelyan, Grey, p. 308
30.Trevelyan, Grey, p. 310; Arbuthnot, II, p. 430
31.Somerville, p. 152
32.Granville, p. 114; Le Marchant, p. 354
Chapter Nine: What have the Lords done?
1.BL Add. MSS 27, 790 fols. 39–47; Wallas, p. 275, note 2
2.Smith, Reform, p. 92; p. 97
3.O’Gorman, Eighteenth Century, p. 362
4.Poor Man’s Guardian, 15 October 1831
5.Somerville, p. 157
6.Hopkirk, pp. 128–9
7.Queen Adelaide’s Diary, p. 161, 10 October 1831
8.Arbuthnot, II, p. 431
9.The Times, 10 October 1831
10.Trevelyan, Grey, p. 317; p. 355
11.Trevelyan, Grey, p. 317
12.The Times, 7 October 1831
13.Hansard, House of Commons 13 October 1831
14.H. of C., V, pp. 185 et seq.
15.Brock, p. 167
16.BL Add. MSS 27, 790 fols 39–47; Vernon, pp. 212–13
17.Wallas, p. 275, note 2; Butler, p. 294; BL Add. MSS 35, 149
18.Broughton, p. 148; Butler, pp. 293–4; Wallas, p. 278
19.BL Add. MSS 35, 149
20.Clarke, Grote, pp. 37 et seq.; Grote, p. 64
21.Eastlake, Grote, pp. 72–3; p. 16
22.Buckley, p. 10
23.Wallas, pp. 280 et seq.
24.Frampton, pp. 300 et seq.
25.Sherborne Journal, October 1831
26.Butler, pp. 297–9
27.Hamburger, pp. 154–7
28.Lyttelton, pp. 264–5
29.Trevelyan, William IV, no. XXIII
30.Grey Correspondence, I, p. 381
31.Armitage, ‘A Patriot’, pp. 403 et seq.
32.Watkins, Introduction
33.Bolingbroke’s Writings, p. 82
34.Grey Correspondence, I, pp. 381–2
35.Grey Correspondence, I, pp. 382–5
36.Russell, I, p. 26
37.Fonblanque, p. 122
38.Hansard, House of Lords 20 October 1831
Chapter Ten: A scene of desolation
1.Hamburger, p. 161
2.Eagles, p. 68; The Times, 1 November 1831; Aspinall, Diaries, p. 153; Trevelyan, Grey, p. 320
3.Brock, p. 253
4.Grey Correspondence, I, p. 394; Eagles, p. 79; Hamburger, p. 165; Huxley, p. 100
5.The Times, 1 November 1831; Le Marchant, p. 366
6.Tomalin, Dickens, pp. 46–7
7.Hamburger, p. 212, note 22; p. 216; Cannon, pp. 223 et seq.
8.Somerville, p. 152
9.Evans, p. 54; Gash, Peel, pp. 23–4
10.Rutland MSS
11.ibid.
12.Fraser, Gunpowder Plot, pp. 554 et seq.
13.Longford, p. 270; Smith, Reform, p. 108
14.Frampton, pp. 382–3
15.WND, VIII, p. 35; p. 42
16.Grey Correspondence, I, p. 431
17.Le Marchant, p. 374; Butler, p. 324
18.Moss, p. 205
19.Hamburger, p. 94
20.The Times, 6 December 1831; Hansard, House of Lords 6 December 1831
21.Le Marchant, p. 376, note
22.Hansard, House of Commons 12 December 1831
23.Russell, Collections, p. 13
24.Cannon, pp. 228–9
25.G.E.C.,
VI, p. 332, note e
26.Cannon, pp. 228–9; The Times, 13 December 1831; Hansard, House of Commons 17 December 1831
27.Hansard, House of Commons 17 December 1831
28.Hansard, House of Commons 14 December 1831
29.Holland Diaries, p. 86
30.Hansard, House of Commons 16 December 1831; 17 December 1831
31.Brightfield, p. 61
32.Hansard, House of Commons 17 December 1831
33.Buckley, p. 89
Chapter Eleven: The fearful alternative
1.Butler, p. 329
2.Holland Diaries, pp. 97–8
3.Somerset, Queen Anne, p. 463
4.H. of C., VII, p. 241
5.Butler, pp. 329–30, note 4
6.Russell, Collections, p. 44; Aspinall, Diaries, p. 171
7.Holland Diaries, p. 87; Butler, p. 329
8.Holland Diaries, p. 103
9.Grey Correspondence, II, p. 39
10.Grey Correspondence, II, p. 42; Clive, pp. 170–1, note 62
11.Trevelyan, Grey, pp. 331 et seq.
12.Stirling, p. 191
13.Grey Correspondence, II, pp. 68–73
14.Grey Correspondence, II, pp. 74–9
15.Grey Correspondence, II, pp. 96–102
16.Grey Correspondence, II, pp. 108–15
17.Hansard, House of Commons 17 January 1832
18.Grey Correspondence, II, p. 159
19.The Times, 10 December 1831
20.Pearce, p. 227; Butler, p. 338
21.WND, VIII, p. 144; p. 155
22.Holland Diaries, p. 127
23.Hansard, House of Commons 26 January 1832
24.Hunt, p. 14
Chapter Twelve: Bouncing Bill
1.Butler, p. 345
2.Creevey, II, p. 241
3.Figaro in London, 1 February 1832
4.Hopkirk, p. 111
5.Somerset, William IV, p. 140
6.WND, VIII, pp. 165–6
7.Trevelyan, Macaulay, I, p. 191
8.Holland Diaries, pp. 146–7
9.Butler, p. 349, note 1
10.Spencer, Spencer Family, p. 196; Broughton, pp. 189–90
11.Pearce, p. 234
12.Le Marchant, pp. 403–6
13.Le Marchant, pp. 407–13
14.Hansard, House of Commons 21 March 1832; Aspinall, Diaries, p. 213
15.White, pp. 362–3; Rowe, p. 73; Croker, II, p. 149
16.Poor Man’s Guardian, 15 March 1832
17.Vernon, p. 216; Rowe, p. 76
18.The Times, 4 April 1832; 10 April 1832
19.Le Marchant, p. 414
20.Wallas, p. 294
21.Holland Diaries, p. 160
22.Grey Correspondence, II, p. 327
23.Grey Correspondence, II, pp. 327–8
24.Hansard, House of Lords 9 April 1832; Aspinall, Diaries, p. 222; Le Marchant, p. 418; Trevelyan, Grey, p. 335
25.Lieven-Palmerston, p. 35; The Times, 12 April 1832
26.Hansard, House of Lords 11 April 1832
27.Holland Diaries, p. 168
28.Hansard, House of Lords 13 April 1832
29.Reid, I, p. 284
30.Smith, Reform, p. 112
Chapter Thirteen: Seventh of May
1.Buckley, p. 91
2.Poor Man’s Guardian, 19 March 1832
3.Hansard, House of Lords 7 May 1832
4.Holland Diaries, p. 176
5.Broughton, p. 218
6.Aspinall, Diaries, p. 240
7.Butler, p. 368; Buckley, p. 95
8.Martineau, pp. 464–5
9.The Times, 8 May 1832; Hamburger, p. 132, note 21
10.Hamburger, pp. 132–9; Hunt, p. 18
11.Dent, pp. 360 et seq.
12.Somerville, p. 155
13.The Times, 9 May 1832
14.Haydon, p. 620
15.Moss, pp. 215–16
16.Buckley, p. 96; Adam Zamoyski to author
17.Trevelyan, Grey, p. 339
18.Aspinall, Diaries, p. 240; Creevey, II, p. 245
19.Brougham, p. 192
20.Le Marchant, pp. 425–6
21.Grey Correspondence, II, pp. 395–6
22.Hansard, House of Lords 9 May 1832
23.Aspinall, Diaries, p. 247
24.Aspinall, Diaries, p. 246
25.The Times, 10 May 1832; Trevelyan, Grey, pp. 341–2
26.Creevey, II, p. 245; Aspinall, Diaries, p. 241
27.Creevey, II, p. 246
28.Aspinall, Diaries, p. 246
29.The Times, 16 May 1832
30.Morning Chronicle, 9 May 1832
31.Hansard, House of Commons 10 May 1832
32.Aspinall, Diaries, p. 246; p. 247; Lee, p. 97; p. 132
33.Croker, II, p. 153
34.Lee, p. 151; WND, VIII, p. 304
35.Lee, p. 152
36.Trevelyan, Grey, p. 342
37.Ferguson, pp. 244–5
38.Wallas, pp. 309 et seq.
Chapter Fourteen: Prithee return to me
1.The Satirist, 13 May 1832
2.The Times, 14 May 1832
3.Trevelyan, Grey, p. 342; DNB 2004, R.J.W. Selleck, ‘Shuttleworth, Sir James’
4.Somerset, William IV, p. 163
5.Trevelyan, Grey, App. H., p. 389
6.Le Marchant, p. 430
7.Hansard, House of Commons 14 May 1832
8.Trevelyan, Grey, App. H., p. 389
9.Broughton, p. 226
10.Lieven-Palmerston, p. 35
11.Aspinall, Diaries, p. 254
12.Grey Correspondence, II, p. 406
13.Grey Correspondence, II, pp. 418–19
14.Bristol Mercury, 13 May 1832
15.Aspinall, Diaries, p. 260
16.Hansard, House of Lords 17 May 1832; Grey Correspondence, II, pp. 422–3
17.Grey Correspondence, II, pp. 423–4; Lieven, p. 352
18.Grey Correspondence, II, p. 425
19.Eastlake, p. 73
20.Morning Chronicle, 18 May 1832; Wallas, pp. 314–15
21.Grey Correspondence, II, p. 430
22.Grey Correspondence, II, pp. 434–5
23.Grey Correspondence, II, p. 436
24.Grey Correspondence, II, pp. 438–9
25.Moss, p. 224
26.Moss, p. 225
27.The Times, 16 May 1832
28.Wallas, pp. 321 et seq.
Chapter Fifteen: Bright day of liberty
1.The Times, 22 May 1832
2.Moss, pp. 225–6
3.Birmingham Journal, 2 June 1832
4.Aspinall, Diaries, p. 268
5.Hansard, House of Lords 22 May 1832
6.Longford, p. 277
7.Creevey, II, p. 247
8.Brougham, p. 276
9.Grey Correspondence, II, p. 450
10.Hansard, House of Lords 4 June 1832
11.WND, VIII, p. 356
12.Hansard, House of Lords 4 June 1832
13.Creevey, II, p. 247
14.Stewart, p. 276
15.Butler, p. 415, note 5; Creevey, II, p. 247; The Times, 7 June 1832
16.Smith, Reform, p. 139
17.Figaro in London, 2 June 1832
18.Le Marchant, p. 438
19.Holland Diaries, p. 190
20.Le Marchant, pp. 436–7
21.The Times, 8 June 1832
Epilogue: This great national exploit
1.Stewart, pp. 247–8; Clive, p. 216
2.Haydon, pp. 622–32
3.Tomalin, Dickens, p. 44
4.People’s History Museum, Manchester
5.Tyrconnel Diary, 23 July 1832
6.Swindells, p. 1
7.WND, VIII, p. 361; Wordsworth Letters, V, pp. 500–1
8.Grey Correspondence, II, pp. 449–50
9.Grey Correspondence, II, p. 472
10.Ziegler, William IV, p. 277
11.Briggs, ‘Attwood’, pp. 205 et seq.; DNB 2004, Clive Behagg, ‘Attwood, Thomas’
12.Clive, p. 221
13.DNB 2004, Philip J. Salmon, ‘Parkes, Joseph’
/>
14.Buckley, p. 114
15.General Election, 1832
16.O’Gorman, Voters, Table 4.3, p. 179
17.Hilton, p. 421
18.O’Gorman, Eighteenth Century, p. 388; see Salmon, App. 1, ‘The Re-distribution of English and Welsh Seats in 1832’, pp. 251–2
19.Hamburger, p. 48; George Eliot, Middlemarch, Ch. LI
20.Pearson, p. 150; Brock, p. 282; p. 332
21.Holland Diaries, p. 105
22.Hoock, pp. 254–70; Hansard, House of Commons 23 July 1832
23.Figaro in London, 9 June 1832
24.Kelly, Holland House, p. 212
25.Mitchell, Whig World, p. 152; Martin Gilbert to author; Churchill, pp. 34–43; Stirling, p. 200
26.Tocqueville, p. 67; pp. 70–1
27.Brock, p. 201
28.Smith, Grey, pp. 2 et seq.
29.Creevey, II, p. 301
30.Trevelyan, Macaulay, I, p. 242
31.Cannadine, ‘The Palace of Westminster’, p. 13; Hastings, p. 121, note 1; Shenton, pp. 101 et seq.
32.Shenton, p. 235; Ziegler, William IV, p. 251
33.Briggs, ‘Attwood’, p. 200
34.Rowe, p. 95; Hilton, p. 426
35.Clive, p. 182
36.Broughton, p. 242
SOURCES
This list gives bibliographical details of all books cited in the References.
Place of publication is London, and edition is hardback, unless otherwise stated.
The proceedings of the Houses of Parliament are given by dates of entry, which applies equally to hardback and online publication.
Allen, W. Gore, King William IV, 1960
[Althorp Letters] Letters of Lord Althorp, privately printed
[Arbuthnot] The Journal of Mrs Arbuthnot 1820–1832, ed. Francis Bamford and the Duke of Wellington, 2 vols, 1950
Armitage, David, ‘A Patriot for Whom? The Afterlives of Bolingbroke’s Patriot King’, Journal of British Studies, vol. 36, 1997
Aspinall, Arthur, Lord Brougham and the Whig Party, Manchester, 1927
Aspinall, A., Politics and the Press. c. 1780–1850, 1949
Aspinall, A., ed., Three Early Nineteenth Century Diaries, 1952
Aspinall, A., ‘The Reporting and the Publishing of the House of Commons’ debates. 1771–1834’, see Pares and Taylor
Auden, W.H., ed. and introd., Selected Writings of Sydney Smith, New York, 1956
Bagehot, Walter, ‘Lord Althorp and the Reform Act of 1832’, in The Works and Life of Walter Bagehot, vol. 7, 1915
Barlow, P.J., ‘Benjamin Robert Haydon and the Radicals’, The Burlington Magazine, vol. 99, 1957
[BBC History], http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/familyhistory/bloodlines/workinglife.shtml?entry=swing_riots&theme=workinglife
Begent, J. and Chesshyre, Hubert, The Most Noble Order of the Garter: 650 Years, 1999
[BL] British Library MSS
Bolingbroke’s Political Writings. The Conservative Enlightenment, ed. Bernard Cottret, New York, 1997
Briggs, Asa, ‘Thomas Attwood and the Economic Background of the Birmingham Political Union’, Cambridge Historical Journal, vol. 9, 1948
Perilous Question Page 34