40 “In that house bursting FA, 25.
40 “I saw him an overworked boy FA, 18.
40 “his austerities, his shynesses Ex, 174.
41 “It was the same sick helplessness Sons, 313.
41 “When he came back PB, My Mother’s House; see also FA, 81, 182.
41 demanding to join the church—FA, 171–74.
42 “slender face EDts.
42 “with the feeling FA, 181.
42 “He was a spirit FA, 12–13.
42 Station meetings were stormy affairs—FA, 67–70, 75–76; further information from Minutes of the North Kiangsu Mission of the Southern Presbyterian Church, printed annually in Shanghai from 1899 in PHS.
43 “We are better judges—Rev. C. W. Mateer in CR 31, January 1900, 18.
43 “I succeeded FA, 67.
43 “My memory of that circle FA, 76.
43 “On Sunday everyone FA, 67–68.
44 “if a little water FA, 72.
44 “We sat silent FA, 73.
45 “when something he kept curbed FA, 55; EDts, 49–50.
45 “I have seen other FA, 69.
45 Pearl admitted in private—ED 82.
45 “Their language as well as their thought Light and Shadows of the Mission World in the Far East, by S. H. Chester, Richmond, Virginia, 1899, chapter 5 (a report on mission work in the Yangtse Valley by the secretary of foreign missions in the U.S. Presbyterian Church).
46 “Assyria, Babylon, Greece Rev. P. F. Price in CR 31, September 1900.
46 “Even the smallest children By My Spirit, by Rev. Jonathan Goforth [1929], Evangel Pub House, 2004, chapter 3 (report on a revivalist campaign in Manchuria in 1908).
46 “so hopeful and encouraging—AS, “The Importance of the Direct Phase of Mission Work,” CR 41, June 1910, 391.
46 “I never stood up FA, 137.
47 “There is fire in him FA, 98. My account of Ma Pangbo pieced together from FA passim; OLW, 36; Thompson Brown, Earthen Vessels and Transcendent Power, 111.
47 “Many times I stood there FA, 164.
47 “the Pauline spirit—This and the next two quotes come, respectively, from an editorial in CR 24, February 1893, and articles by Rev. J. Goforth, CR 39, October 1908, and by Rev. Arnold Foster, CR 19, 1888, 528.
48 “The power to work miracles AS, “Jesus as Teacher and Trainer,” CR 24, September 1893, 197.
48 “into three great types Between Two Worlds, by PB, West Virginia 1992, 8.
48 “aggressive evangelistic work”—CR 41, June 1910, 411.
48 “The effrontery of all this MSW, 49.
48 “a stinging conviction of sin” “Preaching to the Chinese by Similarities and Contrasts,” CR 20, July 1889, 328.
49 “all the essentials of Salvation” FA, 92.
49 “in anger and indignation” This and the next quote from Is There a Case for Foreign Missions?, by PB, John Day, New York, 1933, 10–11.
49 “Somehow I had learned from Thoreau MSW, 51.
50 “in his beautiful polished Peking Mandarin”—MSW, 50.
50 “I became mentally bifocal MSW, 52.
51 “His favorite text MSW, 53.
51 “When I was in the Chinese world MSW, 10.
51 “so strangely called MSW, 49.
52 “Gradually the workers disappeared This and the next quote are from ED, 85–86.
53 “a brilliant figure”—Kinfolk, by PB, 1945, Moyer Bell, 1996, 4.
53 “I decided well before I was ten MSW, 76.
53 “Such books poison the thoughts IW, 19.
54 “And there quite alone This and the next quote are from THii, 229; see also FA, 35; MSW, 62.
55 “plaguing everyone with questions MSW, 62.
56 “and in His images” MSW, 70.
56 “I heard talk about this MSW, 48.
56 “They grew up with me THi, 51. The next quote is from THi, 4. For the story of Tsai Yun, see Ex, 12, 13–15, 300; The Chinese Children Next Door, by PB, New York, 1942; MSW, 5–7; THi, 45–55. PB gave her adoptive sister different names, origins, ages, even generations in these four versions of her story, which grow progressively less romanticized. Passing references elsewhere (ED, 129; SS, 30) confirm that she did actually exist, and I have followed the last and fullest of these accounts, which seems the most authentic.
56 “A first girl they accepted MSW, 7.
57 “She rocked back and forth EDts, 76–77.
57 “I used as a small child THii, 224.
57 At regular intervals—BP, 150.
57 Wang Amah developed symptoms—Ex, 224 sets this in 1900, but I have followed ED, 83, which gives the date as 1903.
57 annual general meeting —The meeting at Hsuchowfu took place on October 3–7, 1903; James Bear died on October 9. Minutes of the North Kiangsu Mission, 1903; OLW, 39.
58 The road wound around MSW, 114–15.
59 “the tall white Madonna lilies MSW, 113.
59 “Mr. Lu said MSW, 61.
59 “Peace covered China MSW, 69.
60 “Not until justice—MSW, 50. For the death of Mr. Kung, see MSW, 60.
60 Longden sisters—See MSW, 64; ED, 87–88, 93.
61 “mental infanticide Analytical Reader, by Dr. W. A. P. Martin, Presbyterian Mission, Shanghai, 1897. On the Methodist Mission School, see MSW. 60; ED, 77–80, 89. On PB’s Chinese friends, see ED, 88, 93–95; THi, 96 (where Dottie becomes Dolly).
62 “dreadful shivering hordes—Ex, 246. The next two quotes are from Ex, 247, 249. For contemporary reports of the famine, see CR 38, January and February, 1907, 57, 121, 124–25, 235, 401.
62 “like a toothless GE, 81.
62 “the hue of a liver Sons, 231.
62 “not even her avid reading This and the next quote are from EDts.
63 “with bits of tin GE, 128.
63 “the normal sounds ED, 93.
63 Charles Hancock—ED, 89–91; Minutes of the North Kiangsu Mission, 1907, 1908.
64 “Mother is angry EDts, 15; the next quote from EDts, 39.
64 “that as Christ was head MSW, 90.
64 It did not occur to him FA, 140.
64 “and I must say MSW, 90.
64 “He was penurious FA, 50.
65 “incredible pinchings FA, 197.
65 “Absalom’s New Testament ED, 81.
65 “upstairs with the other white people” FA 122. The next three quotes are from FA, 123–24.
66 Kuling American School MSW, 64, ED. 86–87.
66 “She said she read Lewis Carroll’s ED, 97; for Miss Jewell’s School, see MSW, 64–70; NSC for interviews with old girls.
66 Shanghai Mercury—ED, 74; THi, 87.
67 “Religion I was used to MSW, 68.
67 “She was expressing—“The Conflict of Viewpoints,” by PB, CR, 54, September 1923, 540.
67 Door of Hope—MSW, 69–70, 73–74; Ex, 249.
68 “My mother approved it MSW, 90.
68 “There was nothing OLW, 46.
69 scathing review—CR, October 1912, 591–96; see also Ex, 268; OLW, 48.
69 naked statues—NS, 23.
69 “grave and bitter look” MSW, 71.
69 “Their faces in repose GE, 121.
69 “They were always sweating THi, 56.
70 “It is clearly foretold MSW, 89. All quotes in this and the next paragraph are from MSW, 89–90.
CHAPTER 3
71 “He never troubled himself FA, 241.
72 “She knew she must seem ED, 106. My account of PB’s college days is based on MSW, 91–97; ED, 105–26; interviews with alumnae in NSC; information from Sue Stephenson; background materials in RCA.
72 “Girls came in groups MSW, 92.
73 “Externally I became an American MSW, 93.
75 “No one of them knew This and the next quote from FA, 208, 209; see also CWNG, 32.
75 “the one against whom This and the next quote are from EDts, 130.
75 Pearl regretted her decision later PB letter to EW,
October 10, 1968.
76 “most of them white-haired FA, 19–20.
76 “I did all that I could MSW, 93.
77 “It meant everything to me PB, letter to EW, April 17, [1917], NSC.
77 “I was trained by Asian Women SS, 140.
77 “The shock… of the departure The Hidden Flower, by PB [1952], Pocket Cardinal, 1954, 172–73.
77 “Of my college days MSW, 91, 95, 96.
78 “She never forgot the pity Ex, 275.
78 “It was a young man’s revolution FA, 211.
79 “A little seed of anxiety ED, 120. For the Sydenstrickers’ new house, see ED, 119; MSW, 100, OLW, 49. This second Sydenstricker house (which no longer exists) stood behind the larger “Paxton house,” which is now the Pearl S. Buck Museum in Zhenjiang.
79 “I began again to think in Chinese.”—MSW, 98.
80 “Why did I never see HD, 252.
80 “In all the time ED, 126; see also MSW, 98–100.
81 “it seemed nothing Pearl could do ED, 130.
81 “I was always touched MSW, 101.
81 “To other Americans in Zhenjiang ED, 130.
81 high school for boys—Catalogue of the Chinkiang Presbyterian High School, January 1915, PHS.
81 “It was a wonderful time MSW, 118.
81 “He was the crest of a wave MSW, 183. The next two quotes are from MSW, 184, 185.
82 “The wonder is that none MSW, 119.
82 “with the terrible sadness “The Clutch of the Ancients,” by PB, CR 55, August 1924, 520.
83 “They taught me far more MSW, 102.
83 “It seems to me now MSW, 107.
83 “far more Chinese in his mentality MSW, 109.
83 Her field of sexual experimentation For the mixed-race student, see chapter 2. For the shipboard affair and the Standard Oil boyfriends, see MSW, 98, 108; THi, 99–100. Further information from a letter from Emma White to Nora Stirling, November 20, n.d. [1975], and interviews with Emma White, NSC.
84 ‘He’ll never marry you TN, 161.
84 “I listened and reflected MSW, 109.
84 Cornelia Morgan—Morgan founded the Mid Yunnan Bethel School for the China Inland Mission; see MSW, 110, THi, 113.
85 ‘I know it,’ she said MSW, 110.
85 “Her flesh fell away…’ Ex, 286.
85 “I studied my Chinese books MSW, 115. The next two quotes are from MSW, 117, 99.
86 “Born a generation earlier FA, 210.
86 “Since those days Ex, 283.
86 Neale Carter—See Ex, 60, 72–73, 77, 240, 270.
86 “The word ‘flesh’—AS’s annotations in his copy (in the possession of Nanjing University Library) of The Person and Work of the Holy Spirit as Revealed in the Scriptures, and in Personal Experience, by R. A. Torry, New York, 1910, 7, 59.
87 “he did not enjoy whimsy Ex, 231.
87 “I sat in horror EWWW, 142.
87 “I began what was to be MSW, 117.
88 “repressed, strong, vigorous FA, 189.
89 “She did the things Ex, 292; for Carie’s house, see Ex, 290–93.
89 “The failure of missions MSW, 120.
90 “I think before all others MSW, 126.
90 “When in 1916 This and the next two quotes are from MSW, 127. New Youth (Hsin Ch’ing-nien) published Hu Shi’s article “Some Tentative Suggestions for the Reform of Chinese Literature” in January 1917.
91 “vivid, articulate MSW, 128.
91 “This was an enormous release MSW, 127–28.
CHAPTER 4
92 a fellow student at Cornell University—Hu Shi (1891–1962) entered the agricultural college at Cornell in 1910, the same year as JLB (1890–1975.)
92 “that darling Mrs. Sydenstricker’s daughter JLB, letter to his parents, July 23, 1916, NSC. The next two quotes are from his letter of September 19, 1916.
92 “She was worth it,” JLB interview, NSC. JLB said they had met four or five times, and PB confirmed it in THi, 112.
92 “like a nice big overgrown farmboy,”—This and the next quote from MCG interview, NSC.
92 Sunday school teaching —JLB interview, NSC.
93 “He was not at all religious MSW, 129.
93 “I am happier every day,” PB, letter to EW, April 17, [1917], NSC.
93 “downright ugliness” This and the next quote from MSW, 135; see MGC interview NSC.
93 “The bare willow trees MSW, 136.
94 “the garden seemed part MSW, 135; further information from PB, letter to Grace and Vincent Buck, JLB’s parents, October 14, [1917], NSC.
94 “My new housekeeper JLB, letter to Clifford Buck, September 7, 1917, NSC.
95 “the economic salvation This and the next quote from T. F. Carter, letter to Mr. Henry, New York, October 15, 1914, PHS.
95 “Poor devil Paul Buck interview, June 26, 1975, NSC.
95 “He had no idea GE, 115.
96 “They would bend down MSW, 144.
96 “literally hundreds This and the next quote from PB, letter to Bucks, April 8, 1918, NSC.
96 “They were having fun This and the next two quotes from MCG interview, November 29, 1975, NSC.
97 “You see, she understood MCG, letter to Nora Stirling, July 19, 1977, NSC.
97 “a world as distant MSW, 129. The next quote is MSW, from 140.
98 “people spoke in syllables GE, 113. For descriptions of Anhui home life, see JLB, letter to Bucks, February 28, 1916, NSC.
98 “The land stretched out HD, 19, 22.
98 His two monumental statistical surveys—Chinese Farm Economy, Chicago, 1930; Land Utilisation in China: A study of 16,786 Farms in 168 Localities, and 38,256 Farm Families in 22 Provinces in China, 1929–33, 3 vols., University of Nanking, 1937. Statistics and quotes in this paragraph come from Chinese Farm Economy, 357, 332, 375, 395, 402, 404, 414, 415.
99 “There was something eloquent Sons, 156.
100 “so charming, so virile MSW, 255. The next quote is from MSW, 146.
100 “He has a great future PB, letter to Bucks, April 8, 1918, NSC.
100 “situations which limit or affect This and the next quote are from JLB, Chinese Farm Economy, 427.
100 Honan-Shandung Education Association See JLB, letter to Bucks, December 1, 1919, NSC; “Practical Plans for the Introduction of Agriculture into a Middle and Primary School,” by T. L. Buck, CR 50, May 1919 (the initial “T” was clearly a misprint since this paper was given at the Honan-Shandung Education Association, of which JLB was chairman, and the author identifies himself as having worked in Nanxuzhou since 1916.)
101 Lossing’s questionnaires—MSW, 215; JLB had learned this method as a student from his Cornell professor, George Warren, see Agricultural Economics at Cornell: A History, 1900–1990, by Bernard F. Stanton, Ithaca, New York, 2001, 20–22.
101 “the elders, merchants and teachers T. E. Carter, letter to Dr. Henry Sloane Coffin, minister of the Madison Avenue church sponsoring Nanxuzhou station, December 5, 1912, PHS.
101 “the testing of new grains From JLB, “Practical Plans.”
101 “Mr. Wang the farmer—JLB, letter to Bucks, January 12, 1919, NSC; and see “Agricultural Work of the American Presbyterian Mission at Nanhsuchou, Anhwei, China, 1919,” by JLB, CR 51, June 1920, 415.
101 “idle, reckless PB, letter to Bucks, September 17, 1917, NSC.
102 “filling the street GE, 344–45.
102 One of these battles JLB, letter to Bucks, October 8, 1918, NSC.
102 “At least once or twice a year MSW, 149.
102 “This does not tell This and the next quote are from ED, 140.
103 “I defy any bandit PB, report to Mrs. Coffin, the minister’s wife, at Madison Avenue church, December 12, 1918, NSC.
103 “He seems so busy PB, letter to Bucks, February 2, 1918, NSC.
103 “Agriculture was his life MGC interview, NSC.
103 “an endless stream ED, 138.
104 The enchantment of moonlight MSW, 136.
104 “a tall and ample figure MSW, 140.
105 “by being kind Confucius, Analects, 1:10.
105 “Madame Chang remains MSW, 140. The next quote is from MSW, 141.
105 “The Buddhist funeral priests MSW, 151; see also THi, 115.
105 “If Madame Wu felt this MSW, 141.
106 “a ponderous dowager “In China Too,” by PB, Atlantic Monthly, January 1924, reprinted in MSW, 163.
106 “none of my friends MSW, 140. The next quote is from MSW, 141.
106 “I myself deliberately Of Men and Women, by PB (New York, 1941; Methuen, London, 1942), 26.
107 a family named Li—MSW, 144–45.
107 “that they were as good as boys The Craighills of China, by Marian G. Craighill, Ambler, Pennsylvania 1972, 26.
107 “they looked like shoes MSW, 165. The next quote is from MSW, 147.
108 “She had a great ability MGC interview, NSC.
108 “I played the wedding march PB, letter to parents, October 14, 1917 (the sequel is in a letter dated November 18, 1917), NSC. For the Hsu wives, see MSW, 150.
109 “Once the breathing stopped MSW, 138.
109 “the last we heard PB, letter to Bucks, February 2, 1918, NSC.
109 “We had to,” said Marian MGC interview, NSC.
110 “How strange! PB, letter to Mrs. Coffin, December 12, 1918, NSC.
110 “flat and dirty and small MGC interview, NSC.
110 “the lack of sanitation MSW, 171.
111 “what we consider sins Ruth Osborn interview, NSC.
111 “girls knew from the first MSW, 151–52.
111 “the terrible degradation PB, letter to Bucks, February 2, 1918, NSC.
111 “unwashed, garlic-filled humanity PB, letter to Mrs. Coffin, December 12, 1918, NSC.
111 “I have sole charge PB, letter to EW, August 29, [1918].
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