Flappers: Six Women of a Dangerous Generation

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Flappers: Six Women of a Dangerous Generation Page 48

by Mackrell, Judith


  9 Robert A. Schanke, That Furious Lesbian, Southern Illinois University Press, 2003, p. 2.

  10 Nicholas Murray, Aldous Huxley: An English Intellectual, Abacus, London, 2002, p. 157.

  Chapter One – DIANA

  1 ‘Expectation and hope’ cited by Joyce Marlow (ed.), Women and the Great War, Virago, London, 1999, p. 1.

  2 Cited by Philip Ziegler, Diana Cooper, Penguin, London, 1981, p. 145.

  3 Cited by Juliet Nicholson, The Perfect Summer, John Murray, London, 2006, p. 68.

  4 Cited by Ziegler, p. 53.

  5 Diana Cooper, The Rainbow Comes and Goes (RCG), Century, London, 1984, p. 156.

  6 Ibid, p. 17.

  7 Cited by Ziegler, p. 31.

  8 Cooper, RCG, p. 73.

  9 Ibid, p. 81.

  10 Cited by Ziegler, p. 55.

  11 Cooper, RCG, p. 61.

  12 Cited by Ziegler, p. 33.

  13 Jane C. Desmond (ed.), Meaning in Motion: New Cultural Studies of Dance, Duke University Press, 1997, p. 140.

  14 Cooper, RCG, p. 77.

  15 Ibid, p. 84.

  16 Ibid, p. 88.

  17 Cited by Ziegler, p. 93.

  18 Cooper, RCG, p. 82.

  19 Ibid, p. 106.

  20 Ibid, p. 82.

  21 Cited by Ziegler, p. 36.

  22 Cooper, RCG, p. 96.

  23 Artemis Cooper (ed.), A Durable Fire: The Letters of Duff and Diana Cooper, 1913–1950, Hamish Hamilton, London, 1983, April 1913, p. 6.

  24 Cited by Ziegler, p. 59.

  25 Ibid, p. 15.

  26 Ibid, p. 16.

  27 Ibid, p. 63.

  28 Ibid, p. 22.

  29 Cited by Nicholson, p. 78.

  30 Cited by Marlow, p. 22.

  31 Ibid, p. 49.

  32 Cooper, RCG, p. 123.

  33 Cited by Ziegler, p. 65.

  34 Enid Bagnold, A Diary Without Dates, Heinemann, London, 1918.

  35 Cooper, RCG, p. 131.

  36 Cited by Ziegler, p. 65.

  37 Cooper, RCG, p. 129.

  38 Cited by Marlow, p. 4.

  39 Cited by Ziegler, p. 114.

  40 Ibid, p. 61.

  41 Daily Mail, 6 September 1916, cited in Lois Gordon, Nancy Cunard: Heiress, Muse and Political Icon, Columbia University Press, New York, 2007, p. 63.

  42 Cited by Ziegler, p. 71.

  43 Cooper, RCG, p. 151.

  44 John Julius Norwich (ed.), The Duff Cooper Diaries, Phoenix, London, 2005, 31 July 1916, p. 34.

  45 Ibid.

  46 Cooper, RCG, p. 96.

  47 Ibid, p. 144.

  48 Cited by Ziegler, p. 80.

  49 Ibid, p. 79.

  50 Cooper, RCG, p. 142.

  51 Cited by Ziegler, p. 71.

  52 Ibid, p. 46.

  53 Ibid, p. 84.

  54 Letters D and D Cooper, 3 May 1913, p. 7.

  55 Ibid, 23 June 1914, p. 14.

  56 Ibid, 2 July 1916, p. 29.

  57 The Duff Cooper Diaries, 6 March 1916, p. 26.

  58 Ibid, 27 August 1915, p. 14.

  59 Cited by Ziegler, p. 82.

  60 Ibid, p. 97.

  61 Ibid, p. 98.

  62 Letters D and D Cooper, November 1916, p. 31.

  63 The Duff Cooper Diaries, 29 March 1917, p. 49.

  64 The Duff Cooper Diaries, 17 May 1917, p. 53.

  65 Cooper, RCG, pp. 152–3.

  66 Letters D and D Cooper, 28 April 1918, pp. 49–50.

  67 Cooper, RCG, p. 149.

  68 Letters D and D Cooper, 27 September 1917, p. 39.

  69 Cooper, RCG, p. 173.

  70 Ibid, p. 156.

  71 Letters D and D Cooper, 3 June 1918, p. 69.

  72 Ibid, 5 June 1918, p. 70.

  73 Cooper, RCG, p. 162

  74 Cited by Ziegler, p. 123.

  75 Letters D and D Cooper, 8 July 1918, p. 81.

  76 Letters D and D Cooper, 4 July 1918, p. 80.

  77 Cooper, RCG, p. 205.

  78 Cited by Ziegler, p. 121.

  79 The Duff Cooper Diaries, 31 October 1918, p. 85.

  80 Cooper, RCG, p. 215.

  81 Ibid.

  Chapter Two – NANCY

  1 Nancy Cunard, GM: Memories of George Moore (GM), cited by Gordon on p. 60.

  2 The Duff Cooper Diaries, 11 July 1916, p. 33.

  3 Cited by Gordon, p. 89.

  4 Cited by Gordon, p. 63.

  5 Cited by Anne Chisholm, Nancy Cunard, Penguin, London, 1981 (first published 1979), p. 31.

  6 Cited by Gordon, p. 12.

  7 Cited by Daphne Fielding, Emerald and Nancy: Lady Cunard and Her Daughter, Eyre & Spottiswoode, London, 1968, p. 24.

  8 Nancy Cunard, Album Amicorum (AA) (unpub.), cited by Chisolm, p. 41.

  9 Cited by Fielding, p. 20.

  10 Cunard, AA, cited by Chisholm, p. 40.

  11 Cunard, GM, cited by Chisholm, p. 32.

  12 Christopher Hassall, Edward Marsh, Patron of the Arts, Longmans, 1959, cited by Fielding, p. 26.

  13 Cited by Gordon, p. 22.

  14 Cited by Chisholm, p. 51.

  15 Manchester Guardian, 4 December 1913, cited by Paul O’Keefe, Some Sort of Genius: A Life of Wyndham Lewis, Jonathan Cape, London, 2000, p. 141.

  16 Cited by Gordon, p. 25.

  17 Cited by Chisholm, p. 55.

  18 Ibid.

  19 Iris Tree, ‘We Shall Not Forget, for Nancy Cunard’, in Hugh Ford (ed.), Nancy Cunard, p. 21, cited by Gordon, p. 59.

  20 Cunard, GM, cited by Fielding, p. 59.

  21 Cited by Juliet Nicolson, The Great Silence, Murray, London, 2009, p. 33.

  22 Cited by Virginia Nicholson, Singled Out, Penguin, London, 2008, p. 23.

  23 Cunard, unpublished diary, cited by Gordon, p. 76.

  24 Ibid, p. 74.

  25 Ibid, p. 75.

  26 Ibid, p. 76.

  27 Ibid, p. 73.

  28 Cunard, diary (unpublished), cited by Chisholm, p. 72.

  29 Ibid, cited by Gordon, p. 81.

  30 Ibid, p. 83.

  31 Cunard, diary, cited by Chisholm, p. 76.

  32 Ibid, p. 79.

  33 Ibid, p. 85.

  34 Ibid, p. 76.

  35 Cunard, diary (unpublished), cited by Gordon, p. 84.

  36 Ibid, cited by Chisholm, p. 89.

  37 Ibid, cited by Gordon, p. 87.

  38 Ibid, p. 87.

  39 Ibid.

  40 Ibid, cited by Chisholm, p. 90.

  Chapter Three – TAMARA

  1 Cited by Claridge, p. 68.

  2 Cited by Justine Picardie, Coco Chanel: The Legend and the Life, HarperCollins, London, 2010, p. 128.

  3 Cited by Kizette de Lempicka-Foxall and Charles Phillips, Passion by Design: the Art and Times of Tamara de Lempicka, Phaidon, Oxford, 1987, p. 36.

  4 Ibid, p. 22.

  5 Cited by Claridge, p. 37.

  6 Ibid, p. 41.

  7 Cited by Stefanie Penck, Tamara de Lempicka, Prestel, London, 2004, p. 20.

  8 Cited by Foxall, p. 38.

  9 Cited by Lynn Haney, Naked at the Feast: A Biography of Josephine Baker, Robson, London, 1981, p. 51.

  10 Cited by Claridge, p. 79.

  11 Cited by Diana Souhami, Wild Girls, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2004, p. 60.

  12 Ibid, p. 60.

  13 Cited by Suzanne Rodriguez-Hunter, Found Meals of the Lost Generation, Faber, London, 1994, p. 94.

  14 William Carlos Williams, The Autobiography, New Directions, New York, 1967, p. 229, cited by Brenda Wineapple in Genêt: A Biography of Janet Flanner, Pandora, London, 1989, p. 85.

  15 Cited by Claridge, p. 89.

  16 Cited by Foxall, p. 42.

  17 Ibid, p. 172.

  Chapter Four – TALLULAH

  1 Cited by Joe Lobenthal in Tallulah! The Life and Times of a Leading Lady, Aurum, London, 2004, p. 16.

  2 Tallulah Bankhead, Tallulah: My Autobiography, Victor Gollancz, London, 1952, p. 22.

  3 Ibid, p. 32.

  4 Ibid, p. 24.

  5 Cited by Lo
benthal, p. 10.

  6 Bankhead, p. 22.

  7 Ibid, p. 42.

  8 Ibid, p. 45.

  9 Frances Marion, Off With Their Heads!, Macmillan, London, 1972, cited by Tim Lussier, ‘The Mysterious Death of Olive Thomas’ on www.silentsaregolden.com.

  10 Bankhead, p. 54.

  11 Cited by Lobenthal, p. 34.

  12 Bankhead, p. 57.

  13 Cited by Lobenthal, p. 20.

  14 Bankhead, p. 60.

  15 Bankhead, p. 74.

  16 Ibid, p. 57.

  17 Cited by Lobenthal, p. 24.

  18 Ibid.

  19 Ibid, p. 21.

  20 Bankhead, p. 58.

  21 Cited Lee Israel, Miss Tallulah Bankhead, W.H. Allen, London, 1972, p. 56.

  22 Cited by Lobenthal, p. 38.

  23 Ibid, p. 30.

  24 Bankhead, p. 56.

  25 Ibid, p. 73.

  26 Ibid, p. 70.

  27 Ibid.

  28 Ibid, p. 90.

  29 Cited by Israel, p. 75.

  30 Ibid, p. 72.

  31 Cited by Lobenthal, p. 28.

  32 Ibid, p. 17.

  33 Ibid, p. 36.

  34 Cited by Israel, p. 68.

  35 Cited by Lobenthal, p. 43.

  36 Cited by Israel, p. 66.

  37 Cited by David Bret, Tallulah Bankhead: A Scandalous Life, Robson, London, 1996, p. 25.

  38 Cited by Lobenthal, p. 50.

  39 Ibid, p. 37.

  40 Bankhead, p. 98.

  41 Cited by Israel, p. 179.

  42 Cited by Lobenthal, p. 55.

  Chapter Five – ZELDA

  1 Cited by Sally Cline, Zelda Fitzgerald: Her Voice in Paradise, John Murray, London, 2002, p. 85.

  2 Edmund Wilson, Letters on Literature and Politics, p. 478, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, 1977, cited by Matthew J. Bruccoli in Some Sort of Epic Grandeur, University of South Carolina Press, 2002 ed., p. 132.

  3 Cited by Zeitz, p. 53.

  4 Scott Fitzgerald, This Side of Paradise, first published 1920, Dover, New York, 1996, p. 44.

  5 Cited by Nancy Milford, Zelda Fitzgerald, first published 1970, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1974, p. 77.

  6 Cited by Zeitz, p. 47.

  7 Cited by Milford, p. 63.

  8 Ibid, p. 63.

  9 Barry Paris, Louise Brooks: A Biography, University of Minnesota Press, 2000, p. 33.

  10 Zelda Fitzgerald, Save Me the Waltz (SMTW), first published 1932, Vintage, London, 2001, p. 1.

  11 Cited by Milford, p. 9.

  12 Fitzgerald, SMTW, p. 28.

  13 Cited by Milford, p. 9.

  14 Cited by Cline, pp. 39–41.

  15 Ibid, p. 40.

  16 Cited by Milford, p. 18.

  17 Cited by Cline, p. 33.

  18 Ibid.

  19 Ibid, p. 36.

  20 Zelda Fitzgerald letters (ZFL), unpublished, cited by Milford, p. 54.

  21 Ibid, cited by Cline, p. 67.

  22 Fitzgerald, SMTW, p. 57.

  23 Cited by Cline, p. 42.

  24 Fitzgerald, SMTW, p. 35.

  25 Cited by Cline, p. 47.

  26 ZFL cited by Cline, p. 45.

  27 Fitzgerald, SMTW, p. 37.

  28 Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, first published 1926, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1974, p. 155.

  29 Cited by Milford, p. 33.

  30 Ibid, p. 44.

  31 ZFL, cited by Milford, p. 45.

  32 Ibid, p. 50.

  33 Cited by Milford, p. 52.

  34 ZFL cited by Milford, p. 53.

  35 Ibid, p. 56.

  36 Ibid, p. 61.

  37 Cited by Zeitz, p. 51.

  38 ZFL cited by Milford, p. 68.

  39 Cited by Bruccoli, p. 111.

  40 Fitzgerald, SMTW, p. 42.

  41 Ibid, p. 45.

  42 Scott Fitzgerald, The Crack-Up, first published 1945, cited by Cline, p. 84.

  43 Cited by Cline, p. 86.

  44 Cited by Milford, p. 75.

  45 Zelda Fitzgerald, ‘Caesar’s Things’, (unpublished), cited by Cline, p. 85.

  46 ZFL cited by Milford, p. 85.

  47 Cited by Milford, p. 90.

  48 Ibid, p. 86.

  49 Cited by Cline, p. 111.

  50 Ibid, p. 109.

  51 Zelda Fitzgerald, ‘A Millionaire’s Girl’, cited by Cline, p. 31.

  52 Cited by Cline, p. 116.

  53 Ibid.

  54 ZFL cited by Bruccoli, p. 109.

  55 Cited by Cline, p. 126.

  56 John Peale Bishop, Collected Essays, Scribners, New York, 1948, cited by Cline, p. 121.

  57 ZFL cited by Milford, p. 50.

  58 Cited by Cline, p. 123.

  59 Cited by Milford, p. 102.

  60 Cited by Cline, p. 124.

  61 ZFL cited by Milford, p. 54.

  62 Unpublished diary of Alec McKaig, cited by Milford, p. 90.

  63 Cited by Bruccoli, p. 161.

  64 Cited by Milford, p. 108.

  65 John Doss Passos, The Best Times, New American Library, New York, 1966, p. 129, cited by Bruccoli, p. 171.

  66 Cited by Cline, p. 99.

  67 Cited by Bruccoli, p. 177.

  68 Cited by Cline, p. 137.

  69 Unpublished diary of Alec McKaig, cited by Milford, p. 88.

  70 Cited by Cline, p. 138.

  Chapter Six – JOSEPHINE

  1 Cited by Phyllis Rose, Jazz Cleopatra: Josephine Baker in Her Time, Vintage, London, 1991, p. 55.

  2 Cited by Baker and Chase, p. 55.

  3 Ibid, p. 18.

  4 Ibid.

  5 Ibid, p. 19.

  6 Cited by Lynn Haney, p. 17.

  7 Cited by Baker and Chase, p. 24.

  8 Ibid, p. 36.

  9 Ibid, p. 42.

  10 Ibid, p. xxi.

  11 Haney, p. 38.

  12 Ibid, p. 25.

  13 Cited by Baker and Chase, p. 55.

  14 Ibid, p. 57.

  15 Cited by Paris, p. 72.

  16 Cited by Baker and Chase, p. 63.

  17 Ibid, p. 62.

  18 Ibid, p. 70.

  19 Cited by Haney, p. 40.

  20 Cited by Baker and Chase, p. 74.

  21 Lucy Moore, Anything Goes: A Biography of the Roaring Twenties, Atlantic, London, 2009, p. 49.

  22 Jeffrey H. Jackson, Making Jazz French: Music and Modern Life in Interwar Paris, Duke University Press, 2003, p. 1.

  23 Cited by Baker and Chase, p. 59.

  24 Ibid, p. 91.

  25 Ibid.

  26 Ibid, p. 97.

  Chapter Seven – DIANA

  1 Cited by Ziegler, p. 123.

  2 Ibid, p. 126.

  3 Cooper, RCG, p. 219.

  4 Cited by Ziegler, p. 129.

  5 Cooper, RCG, p. 220.

  6 Ibid, p. 221.

  7 Ibid.

  8 Letters D and D Cooper, 30 January 1929, p. 264.

  9 The Duff Cooper Diaries, 2 June 1919, p. 103.

  10 The Duff Cooper Diaries, 13 October 1919, p. 109.

  11 D.H. Lawrence, Aaron’s Rod, first published 1922, Penguin, Harmondsworth, p. 157.

  12 Clement Scott, 1898, cited by Catherine Haill in Women in the 19th Century Theatre, V&A Museum.

  13 Cited by Ziegler, p. 147.

  14 The Duff Cooper Diaries, 2 June 1919, p. 102.

  15 Cited by Ziegler, p. 146.

  16 Ibid, p. 146.

  17 The Duff Cooper Diaries, 22 July 1921, p. 148

  18 Cited by Ziegler, p. 148.

  19 Ibid, p. 149.

  20 Ibid, p. 153.

  21 The Duff Cooper Diaries (16.10.1923), p. 181.

  22 Diana Cooper, The Light of Common Day (LOCD), first published 1959, Century, London, 1984, p. 11.

  23 Letters D and D Cooper, 30 January 1927, p. 249.

  24 John Charmley, Duff Cooper: the Authorized Biography, Papermac, London, 1987, p. 33.

  25 Cited by Ziegler, p. 134.

  26 The Duff Cooper Diaries, 12 October 1925, p. 211.

  27 Cooper, RCG, p. 172.


  28 The Duff Cooper Diaries, 2 December 1923, p. 183.

  29 Cooper, LOCD, p. 12.

  30 Cited by Ziegler, p. 155.

  31 Cooper, LOCD, p. 29.

  32 Letters D and D Cooper, 8 December 1923, p. 149.

  33 Cooper, LOCD, p. 13.

  34 Ibid, p. 15.

  35 Letters D and D Cooper, 3 January 1924, p. 153.

  36 Cited by Ziegler, p. 158.

  37 Cooper, LOCD, p. 26.

  38 Ibid, p. 27.

  39 Letters D and D Cooper, 13 February 1924, p. 166.

  40 The Duff Cooper Diaries, 5 May 1924, p. 195.

  41 Cited by Ziegler, p. 162.

  42 Cooper, LOCD, p. 39.

  43 Cited by Ziegler, p. 180.

  44 Cooper, LOCD, p. 40.

  45 Ibid, p. 34.

  46 Ibid, p. 18.

  47 Ibid, p. 33.

  48 Cited by Ziegler, p. 159.

  49 Letters D and D Cooper, 24 January 1927, p. 247.

  50 Cited by Lyn Garafola, Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes, Oxford University Press, New York, 1989, p. 250.

  51 Cooper, LOCD, p. 46.

  52 Ibid, p. 47.

  53 Ibid, p. 51.

  54 Letters D and D Cooper, 3 October 1925, pp. 202–3.

  55 Cooper, LOCD, p. 50.

  56 Letters D and D Cooper, 3 October 1925, pp. 202–3.

  57 Cooper, LOCD, p. 20.

  58 Letters D and D Cooper, 3 November 1925, p. 209.

  59 Ibid, 10 October 1925, p. 206.

  60 Ibid, 9 December 1926, p. 232.

  61 Ibid, 8 January 1927, p. 244.

  62 Ibid, 4 December 1925, p. 212.

  63 Cooper, LOCD, p. 74.

  64 Ibid, p. 76.

  65 Ibid, pp. 43–4.

  66 Ibid, p. 67.

  67 Letters D and D Cooper, 14 December 1926, p. 234.

  68 Ibid (19.12.26), p. 237.

  69 Cooper, LOCD, p. 90.

  70 Letters D and D Cooper, 28 January 1929, p. 261.

  71 Ibid (30.01.29), p. 263.

  72 Cited by Ziegler, p. 119.

  Chapter Eight – TALLULAH

  1 Letters D and D Cooper (08.12.24), p. 186.

  2 Bankhead, p. 104.

  3 Cited by Israel, p. 82.

  4 Bankhead, p. 105.

  5 Cited by Lobenthal, p. 56.

  6 Ibid, p. 57.

  7 Ibid, p. 70.

  8 Cited by Israel, p. 81.

  9 Bankhead, p. 145.

  10 Cited by Israel, p. 84.

  11 Bankhead, pp. 122–3.

  12 Ibid, p. 122.

  13 Cited by Lobenthal, p. 72.

  14 Ibid, p. 89.

  15 Bankhead, p. 145.

  16 Cited by Lobenthal, p. 91.

  17 Ibid, pp. 93–4.

  18 Bankhead, p. 125.

  19 Cited by Lobenthal, p. 96.

  20 Ibid, p. 94.

  21 Bankhead, p. 143.

  22 Cited by Israel, p. 89.

 

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