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Index
abortion, 95
accountability, 65, 145, 180
Addison, Tony, 47
administrateur communal, 58
ADRA organization, 109
Adrien, an assistant, 28, 64
adulthood, achievement of, 125
African Union (AU), 23
age issues, 33–6
agriculture, 92; diversification out of, 118; escape from, 117; seen as a prison, 185; seen as having no future, 138
aid agencies, 53, 109, 183
aid to Burundi, 23; as percentage of GDP, 187; crucial to state budget, 187; disappearance of, 109–10; donors, 80 (agendas of, 79; training by, 80); formulaic vision of, 189; impact of, 120; programs, 121
AIDS, 101, 124
alcoholism, 124, 142
Alice, a translator, 28
amnesty, 148, 150, 151, 152, 156; preference for, 154
anger, 109
armed forces, 72; loyalty of, 19; role of, 56
Arusha accord, 16, 17–18, 19, 52, 63, 146, 188
Bagaza, Jean-Baptiste, 9, 40
bananas, 36
Banda colline, 37
banditry, 46–7, 177, 184
Bangladesh, 140
bankruptcy, 105, 107
Barker, Gary, 178, 181–2
bashingantahe wise men, 7, 61–6, 73, 78, 143, 151, 170, 189
bashingantahe investi, 62
basic needs, 47–8, 58 Bazungu, 103
Belgium, 8, 9, 23, 71
bride wealth, 123, 126
Buheka colline, 36
Bujumbura, 28, 39, 55, 64, 72, 84, 86, 90, 91, 96–8, 100, 131–2, 139, 141, 143, 165, 184; ethnic cleansing of, 15, 177; neglect of, 111; terror in, 14
Burundi: amorphous society of, 183; apartheid in, 10; cosmology of, 72; political history of, 7–25; pre-colonial system in, 70
Bururi, 90
Busiga, 26, 30, 35, 36, 37, 46, 48, 62, 109
Buyoya, Pierre, 9, 11, 15, 16–17, 85
Bwiza, 32, 40
camps de regroupement, 15, 49–50, 76
capitalism, 119, 120; shift to, 114
capitalist ethos, crisis of, 81–122
CARE organization, 84, 109, 121, 139, 183
cattle, 70
centre de negoce, 93, 100
Centre Jeunes Kamenge, 28
Chambers, Robert, 35
changes, societal, long-term, 81–6
Charter of National Unity, 11
chef de colline, 73, 149, 174
chef de zone, 174
child soldiers, 20, 35, 87, 93, 101, 184
childcare, 128
children: expectation of, 139; healthcare for, 22
citizenship, 58–61, 71, 79
city: policy neglect of, 186; social
control in, 98
civil society, 77
civil war: origin of, 171, 172; start of, 14
clientelism, 70–1, 108
climate change, 117
coffee, 36
cohabitation, in Africa, 127–8
collective action, 119
Collier, Paul, 178
collines, 73, 76, 88, 94 see also chef de colline
colonial period, 8
community participation, 116
community reconciliation, 166
compromise, politics of, 19
conflict prevention, 176, 179, 181
conflict resolution, 59, 170, 173
Congo, Democratic Republic of, 15, 40
conseil de colline, 63; women elected to, 144
Conseil National pour la Défense de la Démocratie (CNDD) 14–15, 16, 177
CNDD (Nyangoma), 20, 39
CNDD/FDD, 17, 19, 20–1, 37, 39, 40, 51, 56, 78
corruption, 10, 52, 58–80 passim, 74, 108, 111, 120, 122, 188; associated with war, 66; attitudes to, 69–80; fight against, 181; in context of aid, 67; in Nigeria, 68
credit, access to, 119
criminality, 46–7, 50, 101, 108, 120
cultural values, 186
death penalty for killers, 150–1, 152
death rates, of men, 130
decentralization law, 175
decentralization policy, 80
delinquency, fight against, 59
demobilization, 19, 23, 126; self-demobilization, 143, 177, 184
democracy, 73, 78, 79, 80
Demokarasi, 9
dependency syndrome, 187
depression, 124
development, economic, 43, 185–7
disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR), 17, 20, 43, 47, 121, 184
displaced persons, 28; definition of, 29; return of, 24
dissimulation, use of, 168
distrust, generalization of, 167–8
Donini, A., 53
dowry, 125
drought, 82
drugs, 98, 142
drunkenness, 100
dynamism, 107–8, 144; and young people, 138–40; female, 136, 139, 181
economic diversification, 117
education, 8, 22, 34, 35, 39, 40, 82, 86–92, 99, 133, 144, 179, 181, 185; backlash on access to, 138; higher, 90; lottery of, 91; of women, 136, 137–8; payment for, 112; primary, 120 (free, 21, 90); relation to agriculture, 88–9, 118; secondary, 38, 91; vocational training, 92, 121
El Salvador, 85, 145
>
elections, 52, 71, 78; in 1993, 11–15; in 2005, 20–2 entente, 164; importance of, 162–3
Eritrea, 22
Ethiopia, 22
ethnic balance, 21
ethnic cleansing, 50, 172, 177
ethnic nature of justice system, 150
ethnicity, 165, 188; letting go of, 164
Etionette, a translator, 28
European Union (EU), 15, 23
ex-combatants, 1, 35, 64; benefits of, 122
exclusion, social, related to
education, 89
eyesight, loss of, 91
family, 112
farming see agriculture fatalism, 105
female agency, 182
feminine ideals, 136
femininity, 123–44 passim
First Republic, 9
focus groups, 26
forced labor, 8
Forces Armées Burundaises (FAB), 15, 19, 20, 39
Forces de Défense Nationale (FDN), 19–20
Forces de Défense de la Démocratie (FDD), 15
forgetting, 147–8, 168
forgiveness, quest for, 161–2
free press, 180
Front National de Libération (FNL), 14, 17, 23, 39, 177
Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU), 12–13, 16, 20–1, 39
G7 group, 16
G10 group, 16
Ganwa (aristocratic class), 7, 8, 70, 72
Gardiens de la Paix, 20
gender, 1, 21, 33–6, 181–3; expectations, 123–44; literature on, 137, 141; norms in Africa, 103–5; roles, change of, 140
genocide, 10, 13, 17, 146; in Rwanda, 14; selective, 89
Germany, 8
girls, 101–2; in agriculture, 94; migration to cities, 95
Giuliani, Rudi, 176
good management, 107
governance, 58, 80, 187–9; attitudes to, 69–80; good governance, 50–1, 79
grievance, 176–8
‘Guantanamo’ area, 54
guns, carrying of, 56
hard work, 105–7, 136, 185, 186
household conflicts, 27
household work of women, 136, 138
housing, 109, 122, 125; building of, 132
human rights, 61, 65, 77, 78
human security, 43, 51
humanitarian assistance, 66
hunger, 57
Hutu people, 7, 8, 12, 15, 29, 32, 37, 39, 40, 49–50, 62, 70, 72, 74, 82, 85, 86, 97, 109, 122, 149, 150, 185; 1965 coup d’état, 9; exclusion of, 10; in government, 16; killing of (1972), 10, 73, 89–90; (1993), 13; murders of intellectuals, 172
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