53. Ibid., p. 46.
54. Ibid., p. 47.
55. Spencer Tucker, World War I, p. 248.
56. Neilson, How Diplomats Make War, p. 198.
CHAPTER 14 – CHURCHILL AND HALDANE – BUYING TIME AND TELLING LIES
1. Haldane to Asquith, as recorded in Maurice, Haldane, p. 283.
2. Haldane, An Autobiography, p. 230.
3. Ibid., p. 227.
4. Jenkins, Churchill, p. 206.
5. Churchill, World Crisis, p. 49.
6. E.D. Morel, The Secret History of a Great Betrayal, p. 15.
7. Cowles, Winston Churchill, p. 157.
8. Churchill, World Crisis, p. 53.
9. Ibid., p. 52.
10. Hansard, House of Commons, Debate, 18 February 1914, series 5, vol. 58, cc920–1.
11. David, Inside Asquith’s Cabinet, p. 107.
12. Grey, Twenty-Five Years, vol. II, p. 166.
13. David, Inside Asquith’s Cabinet, p. 108.
14. Asquith Papers, Bodleian Library, vol. 6, ff.79–80.
15. Morel, Secret History of a Great Betrayal, p. 16.
16. Hansard, House of Commons, Debate, 27 November 1911, vol. 32, cc43–165.
17. In Morel, Secret History of a Great Betrayal, p. 16.
18. Albert Ballin was the owner of the Hamburg-America shipping line and had many contacts with both British and American businessmen. He had access to politicians like Churchill, was on personal terms with the kaiser, and met regularly with Max Warburg.
19. Wilhelm II, My Memoirs, pp. 142–5.
20. Ibid., p. 144.
21. David, Inside Asquith’s Cabinet, p. 111.
22. Grey, Twenty-Five Years, vol. II, pp. 74–5.
23. Churchill, World Crisis, pp. 71–2.
24. Maurice, Haldane, p. 292.
25. Sir Ernest Cassel to Herr Ballin, 3 February 1912, in Churchill, World Crisis, p. 75.
26. Maurice, Haldane, p. 292.
27. Ibid., p. 297.
28. Ibid., p. 309.
29. Ibid.
30. Kennedy, Old Diplomacy and New, p. 198.
31. Annika Mombauer, The Origins of the First World War, p. 6.
32. Montgelas, British Foreign Policy under Sir Edward Grey, p. 35.
33. Fay, Origins of the World War, vol. I, p. 304.
34. Haldane, An Autobiography, p. 241.
35. Ferguson, Pity of War, p. 71.
36. Haldane, An Autobiography, p. 242.
37. Swain, Beginning the Twentieth Century, pp. 307–8.
38. Ibid., p. 308.
39. Ibid.
40. Maurice, Haldane, p. 298.
41. Ibid., p. 299.
42. Wilhelm II, My Memoirs, p. 152.
43. Morel, Secret History of a Great Betrayal, p. 16.
44. Hansard, House of Commons, Debate, 18 March 1912, vol. 35, cc1549–618.
45. Ibid.
46. David, Inside Asquith’s Cabinet, p. 118.
47. Grey, Twenty-Five Years, vol. 1, p. 168.
CHAPTER 15 – THE ROBERTS ACADEMY
1. As listed in London Gazettes from 1887 to 1914.
2. Anne Pimlott Baker, The Pilgrims of Great Britain: A Centennial History, p. 7.
3. See Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
4. Ferguson, Pity of War, p. 15.
5. Hansard, House of Lords, Debate, 12 July 1909, vol. 2, cc255–352.
6. Andrew, Secret Service, p. 42.
7. Lord Roberts, Lord Roberts’ Message to the Nation, pp. vii–viii.
8. Quigley, Anglo-American Establishment, pp. 52–83.
9. D’Ombrain, War Machinery and High Policy, p. 143.
10. Ibid., p. 141.
11. Ibid., p. 146.
12. Keith Jeffery, Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson: A Political Soldier, p. 39.
13. D’Ombrain, War Machinery and High Policy, pp. 142–3.
14. Ibid.
15. A.P. Ryan, Mutiny at the Curragh, p. 100.
16. Walter Reid, Architect of Victory: Douglas Haig, p. 53.
17. Denis Winter, Haig’s Command: A Reassessment, p. 31.
18. Barbara Tuchman, The Guns of August, p. 199.
19. Ibid., pp. 198–9.
20. Ibid.
21. Major-General Sir Frederick Maurice and Tasker H. Bliss, Soldier, Artist, Sportsman: The Life of General Lord Rawlinson of Trent, pp. xi–xii.
22. Anthony Heathcote, The British Field Marshals, 1736–1997, p. 304.
23. Ryan, Mutiny at the Curragh, p. 101.
24. Jeffery, Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson, p. 67.
25. Ibid., pp. 65–6.
26. Major-General Sir C.E. Callwell, Field Marshal Henry Wilson Bart: His Life and His Diaries, p. 74.
27. Ibid., p. 86.
28. Ibid., p. 89.
29. Ibid., p. 92.
30. Ibid., pp. 92–3.
31. Tuchman, Guns of August, pp. 49–52.
32. Ibid., p. 54.
33. Ibid.
34. Major Huguet was appointed an honorary member of the Royal Victorian Order by King Edward VII in 1907 in recognition of his services.
35. William Robertson, From Private to Field Marshal, p. 169.
36. Winter, Haig’s Command, pp. 18–19.
37. Ibid., p. 20.
38. Hart, History of the First World War, p. 62.
39. Ibid., p. 61.
40. Ibid., p. 58.
41. Jeffery, Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson, p. 66.
CHAPTER 16 – POINCARÉ – THE MAN WHO WOULD BE BOUGHT
1. Swain, Beginning the Twentieth Century, p. 95.
2. Barnes, Genesis of the World War, pp. 387–8.
3. Stieve, Isvolsky and the World War, p. 117.
4. Swain, Beginning the Twentieth Century, p. 95.
5. Stieve, Isvolsky and the World War, p. 54.
6. Fay, Origins of the World War, vol. I, p. 329.
7. Stieve, Isvolsky and the World War, p. 57.
8. Ibid., p. 60.
9. Fay, Origins of the World War, vol. I, pp. 330–1.
10. W.L. Langer, New Republic, 15 April 1925, Part II, pp. 13–14.
11. Fay, Origins of the World War, vol. I, p. 315.
12. Barnes, Genesis of the World War, p. 124.
13. Stieve, Isvolsky and the World War, p. 78.
14. Ibid., pp. 75–6.
15. Rene Marchand, Un Livre Noir, vol. I, p. 269.
16. Fay, Origins of the World War, vol. I, p. 329.
17. Morel, Diplomacy Revealed, p. 269.
18. Barnes, Genesis of the World War, p. 113.
19. Fay, Origins of the World War, vol. I, pp. 323–30.
20. Stieve, Isvolsky and the World War, p. 88.
21. F. McHarg, Pistoleros, p. 186.
22. Herbert Feis, Europe: The World’s Banker, 1870–1914, p. 211.
23. Bausman, Let France Explain, p. 161, quoting Herman Frobenius, Germany’s Hour of Destiny, p. 43.
24. Quigley, Tragedy and Hope, p. 520.
25. Ibid., p. 525.
26. Stieve, Isvolsky and the World War, p. 56.
27. Barnes, Genesis of the World War, p. 117.
28. Stieve, Isvolsky and the World War, p. 133.
29. Barnes, Genesis of the World War, p. 121.
30. Ibid., p. 117.
31. Langer, New Republic, 15 April 1925, Part II, pp. 13–14.
32. Swain, Beginning the Twentieth Century, p. 97.
33. Stieve, Isvolsky and the World War, pp. 170–4.
34. Ibid., pp. 137–40.
35. Morel, Pre-War Diplomacy, p. 29.
36. Morel, Diplomacy Revealed, p. 226.
37. Ibid., p. 258.
CHAPTER 17 – AMERICA – A VERY SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP
1. Stead, Last Will and Testament at http://publicintelligence.net/the-last-will-and-testament-of-cecil-john-rhodes-1902/
2. Ibid., p. 59.
3. Ibid., p. 34.
4. Ibid., p. 55.
5. Quigley, Tragedy and Hope, pp. 60–1.
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6. Chapman, Rise of Merchant Banking, pp. 158–61.
7. Dawkins to Milner, 26 July 1900, 16 August 1900, 21 March 1902, as quoted in Chapman, Rise of Merchant Banking, p. 161.
8. Quigley, Anglo-American Establishment, p. 49.
9. Ibid.
10. Baker, Pilgrims of Great Britain, p. 12.
11. New York Times, 3 March 1903.
12. Baker, Pilgrims of Great Britain, p. 13.
13. Knuth, Empire of ‘The City’, p. 64.
14. Baker, Pilgrims of the United States, p. 3.
15. Baker, Pilgrims of Great Britain, p. 16.
16. While it is possible to list all of those in whose honour these dinners were organised, the individual members who attended remains a secret.
17. Baker, Pilgrims of the United States, p. 9.
18. Quigley, Anglo-American Establishment, p. 15.
19. Ferguson, House of Rothschild, p. 82.
20. Griffin, Creature From Jekyll Island, p. 415.
21. Cecil Roth, The Magnificent Rothschilds, p. 106.
22. Webster G. Tarpley and Anton Chaitkin, George Bush: The Unauthorized Biography, p. 136.
23. W.G. Carr, Pawns in the Game, p. 60.
24. G. Edward Griffin, interview at http://educate-yourself.org/cn/gedwardgriffininterview02apr04.shtml
25. Quigley, Tragedy and Hope, p. 951.
26. Ron Chernow, The Warburgs, pp. 46–8.
27. Stephen Birmingham, Our Crowd, p. 175.
28. Chernow, The Warburgs, p. 51.
29. Carr, Pawns in the Game, p. 61.
30. Chernow, The Warburgs, p. 12.
31. Ibid., p. 38.
32. Ibid., p. 86.
33. Proctor W. Hansl, Years of Plunder, pp. 37–8.
34. Ron Chernow, Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr., pp. 575–7.
35. Initially an outspoken critic of Standard Oil, Archbold was recruited by Rockefeller to a directorship of the company, where he later served as vice president and then president until its ‘demise’ in 1911.
36. Chernow, The Warburgs, p. 248.
37. Ferguson, House of Rothschild, p. 117.
38. Chernow, The Warburgs, p. 390.
39. George R. Conroy, Truth magazine, Boston, 16 December 1912.
40. Griffin, Creature From Jekyll Island, p. 436.
41. Irving Katz, August Belmont: A Political Biography, p. 82.
42. Murray N. Rothbard, Wall Street, Banks, and American Foreign Policy, Centre for Libertarian Studies, 1995.
43. Chernow, The Warburgs, p. 548.
44. The Crisis of 1907, pamphlet taken from the Boston Post, 17 October 1907, p. 3.
45. House of Representatives Report No. 1593, Committee Appointed to investigate the Concentration of Control of Money and Credit, pp. 59–60.
46. Jon Moen, ‘The Bank Panic of 1907’, Journal of Economic History, no. 52, pp. 611–30.
47. The Crisis of 1907, p. 5.
48. Ibid., p. 6.
49. Ibid., p. 9.
50. Ibid., p. 11.
51. Ibid.
52. Antony C. Sutton, The Federal Reserve Conspiracy, p. 65.
53. House of Representatives Report No. 1593, pp. 24–5.
54. Ibid., p. 46.
55. Ibid., the cited case of the Mechanics and Traders Bank, p. 27.
56. Ibid., pp. 40–1. Morgan was accused in the Pujo Committee Report of disenfranchising shareholders in the Southern Railway Company.
57. Ibid., p. 56.
58. House of Representatives Report No. 1593.
59. Griffin, Creature From Jekyll Island, p. 444.
60. Ibid.
61. Quigley, Tragedy and Hope, p. 324.
62. Nicholas Stoskopf, Manuscrit auteur, publie dans; Journee d’etudes sur l’historie de la haute banque France (2000) at http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/44/11/64/PDF/STOSKOPF_PARISIAN_HAUTE_BANQUE.pdf
63. Quigley, Tragedy and Hope, p. 520.
64. John Thom Holdsworth, Money and Banking, pp. 325–30.
65. Chernow, The Warburgs, p. 131.
66. Ibid.
67. Paul M. Warburg, ‘A Plan for a Modified Central Bank’, in The Federal Reserve System: Its Origin and Growth, Vol. 2, p. 29.
68. Gary Allen, None Dare Call it Conspiracy, chapter 3, p. 8.
69. Chernow, Titan, p. 352.
70. Organisation for the Study of Globalisation and Covert Politics, https://wikispooks.com/ISGP/organisations/Pilgrims_Society02.htm
71. Griffin, Creature From Jekyll Island, pp. 3–13.
72. Frank A. Vanderlip and Boyden Sparkes, From Farm Boy to Financier, p. 214.
73. Griffin, Creature From Jekyll Island, p. 23.
74. Joseph Patrick Tumulty, Woodrow Wilson as I Know Him, p. 10.
75. Sutton, Federal Reserve Conspiracy, pp. 82–3.
76. Quigley, Tragedy and Hope, p. 76.
77. The name ‘Bull Moose’ Party stemmed from Roosevelt’s reaction to a question about his physical fitness to stand for the presidency. He replied that he was as fit as a bull moose.
78. Griffin, Creature From Jekyll Island, p. 453.
79. Tarpley and Chaitkin, George Bush, p. 330.
80. Edward Mandell House and Charles Seymour, The Intimate Papers of Colonel House, p. 5.
81. Library of Congress Resource Guide, Presidential Election of 1912.
82. Griffin, Creature From Jekyll Island, p. 240.
83. Ibid., p. 458.
84. George Sylvester Viereck, The Strangest Friendship in History: Woodrow Wilson and Colonel House, p. 4.
85. Ibid., pp. 35–7.
86. Congressional Record, House of Representatives, 23 December 1913, p. 1468.
87. Senator Bristow, Kansas, Congressional Record, House of Representatives, 23 December 1913, p. 1472.
88. Congressional Record, House of Representatives, 23 December 1913, p. 1488.
89. Representative Finlay H. Gray, Congressional Record, House of Representatives, 23 December 1913, p. 1491.
CHAPTER 18 – THE BALKAN PRESSURE COOKER – 1912–13
1. Even excellent sources like Fay, Ewart, Barnes and Stieve make this assumption. However, much of the funding for Serbia came from France. Note that Poincaré threatened to pull funding when Apis contemplated a civil war in 1914.
2. In 1912, Trotsky was sent to cover the Balkan War by the radical Russian newspaper Kievskaya Mysil and often wrote articles for them under a pseudonym. His presence there and contemporary accounts raise the suspicion that he might have been more than a mere observer of the Balkan troubles.
3. Leon Trotsky, The Balkan Wars 1912–13, p. 112.
4. Kennedy, Old Diplomacy and New, p. 151.
5. Swain, Beginning the Twentieth Century, p. 169.
6. Trotsky, Balkan Wars, p. 112.
7. Albert Jay Nock, The Myth of a Guilty Nation, p. 60.
8. Ibid., p. 110.
9. Ibid., p. 114.
10. H.W. Wilson and J.A. Hammerton, The Great War: An Illustrated History of the First World War, vol. 1, p. 12.
11. Vladimir Dedijer, The Road to Sarajevo, p. 431.
12. Fay, Origins of the World War, vol. I, p. 439.
13. Eugenii Nicolaevich Shelking, The Game of Diplomacy, p. 192.
14. Dedijer, Road to Sarajevo, p. 432.
15. King Alexander of Serbia caused a sensation when he married his mistress rather than a member of the German royal family. They were unloved, especially by the military, who removed them in a bloody coup that shocked European courts. The two were brutally murdered at the old Turkish palace in Konak.
16. Wilson and Hammerton, The Great War, vol. I, ch.1, p. 21.
17. Dedijer, Road to Sarajevo, p. 85.
18. David MacKenzie, Apis: The Congenial Conspirator, p. 275.
19. Fay, Origins of the World War, vol. I, p. 27.
20. Barnes, Genesis of the First World War, p. 156.
21. Fay, Origins of the World War, vol. I, p. 442.
22. Kennedy, Old Diplomacy
and New, p. 178.
23. Stieve, Isvolsky and the First World War, p. 116, and Engdahl, A Century of War, p. 34.
24. Edith Durham, Twenty Years of Balkan Tangle, chapter 19, pp. 2–3.
25. Fay, Origins of the World War, vol. I, p. 399.
CHAPTER 19 – FROM BALMORAL TO THE BALKANS
1. Sergei Sazonov, Fateful Years, 1909–1916, p. 57.
2. Grey, Twenty-Five Years, vol. II, pp. 139–40.
3. Stieve, Isvolsky and the World War, pp. 89–90.
4. Grey, Twenty-Five Years, vol. II, p. 139.
5. Gooch and Temperley, British Documents on the Origin of the War, 1898–1914, p. 765, no. 809.
6. Sazonov arrived in London on 20 September and spent three days there before travelling to Balmoral. He left Balmoral on 27 September and went to visit Lord Crewe. (Gooch and Temperley, British Documents on the Origin of the War, p. 719.)
7. Grey, Twenty-Five Years, vol. II, p. 88.
8. Sazonov, Fateful Years, p. 58.
9. Gooch and Temperley, British Documents on the Origin of the War, p. 771.
10. Ibid., p. 769, no. 810.
11. Ibid., p. 764, no. 808, Sir G. Buchanan to Sir Edward Grey.
12. Ibid., p. 763, no. 807, Sir A. Nicolson to Lord Stamfordham.
13. Stieve, Isvolsky and the World War, p. 93.
14. Montgelas, The Case for the Central Powers, p. 55.
15. Bausman, Let France Explain, p. 169.
16. Ibid., p. 171.
17. Durham, Twenty Years of Balkan Tangle, chapter 19, pp. 18–19.
18. Stieve, Isvolsky and the World War, p. 96.
19. Engdahl, A Century of War, p. 34.
20. Montgelas, The Case for the Central Powers, p. 53.
21. Clark, Kaiser Wilhelm II, p. 192.
22. Grey, Twenty-Five Years, vol. II, p. 90.
23. Fay, Origins of the World War, vol. I, p. 439.
24. Ewart, Roots and Causes of the Wars, vol. I, p. 178.
25. Stieve, Isvolsky and the World War, p. 116.
26. Ibid.
27. Ewart, Roots and Causes of the Wars, vol. I, p. 178.
28. Stieve, Isvolsky and the World War, p. 126.
29. Barnes, Genesis of the World War, p. 148.
30. Neilson, How Diplomats Make War, p. 179.
31. New York Times, 16 September 1914.
32. Demburg in The International Monthly, New York at http://libcudl.colorado.edu/wwi/pdf/i73726928.pdf
33. Mombauer, Origins of the First World War, p. 12.
34. Trotsky, Balkan Wars, p. 20.
Hidden History: The Secret Origins of the First World War. Page 53