Stunt – Indian pronunciation of Assistant.
Subadar – The chief native officer of a company of Sepoys.
Sub chiz, sub cheez – Everything.
Sudder – Chief court.
Syce, sais – Groom.
Suttee, sati – The rite of widow-burning; i.e., the burning of the living widow along with the corpse of her husband, as formerly practised by people of certain castes among the Hindus, and eminently by the Rājputs.
Swadeshi – Home-spun cotton goods.
Talukdar – Landed gentleman.
Tamarisk – A graceful, feather-like shrub; is covered with numberless spikes of small pink flowers when in blossom.
Tamasha – Spectacle, fuss.
Tat, tatoo – Indian pony, der. tattu – pack pony.
Tazea, taziya – Symbolic tombs of martyrs carried by Shia faithful in Moharram processions.
Tiffin – Light luncheon.
Tikka-gharri – Box-like hired carriage.
Tonga – A two-wheeled car drawn by two ponies curricle fashion, and used for travelling in the hills.
Topee, topi – Hat, thus sola topee – sun helmet made from pith of sola plant, topi-wallahs – the British in India.
Tour – To travel through one’s area of responsibility, usually the District, traditionally undertaken in the Cold Weather.
Tulwar, talwar – A sabre, used by the Sikhs; also by Pathans
Tum-tum – Dog-cart, der. obscure.
Upper Provinces/Upper India – in Kipling’s day a hangover term from the time when northern India was known to the British as the Upper Provinces of Bengal or Upper Hindustan.
Urdu – Turkish word for ‘horde’, thus language of the camp, lingua franca of Northern India; see Hindustani.
Vazier, wazier – Chief minister in Muslim state.
Vedas – Ancient holy texts of Brahminism.
Verandah – Covered deck or platform surrounding bungalow; der. Portuguese.
Wah! – Exclamation of satisfaction or pleasure.
Wahabee, Wahhabi – derog. term for the followers of an extreme Muslim sect.
Waler – Horses imported from New South Wales are called Walers – usually horses suitable for light cavalry.
Wallah – Man.
Zam-zammah – The ‘Hummer’, the name given to Lahore’s giant cannon, of uncertain meaning der. orig. from Arabic.
Zenana, zanana – The apartments of a house in which the women of the family are secluded.
Select bibliography
Rudyard Kipling: early collected work to 1901 and later works referred to
United Services College Chronicle, 1881–3.
Schoolboy Lyrics, Lahore, 1881.
Civil and Military Gazette, Lahore, 1882–94.
Echoes, ‘by Two Writers’ (RK and Alice ‘Trix’ Kipling), Lahore, 1884. The Pioneer, Allahabad, 1883–94.
Quartette: The Christmas Annual of the Civil and Military Gazette, ‘by Four Anglo-Indians’ (RK with Alice, Lockwood and ‘Trix’ Kipling), Lahore, 1885.
Departmental Ditties and Other Verses, Lahore, 1886.
The Week’s News, Allahabad, 1888–91.
Plain Tales from the Hills, Allahabad, 1888.
Soldiers Three: Stories of Barrack-Room Life, Indian Railway Series, No. 1, Allahabad, 1888.
The Story of the Gadsbys: A Tale Without A Plot, No. 2, 1889.
In Black and White: Stories of Native Life, No. 3, 1889.
Under the Deodars: In Social Bye-Ways, No. 4, 1889.
The Phantom ’Rickshaw and Other Stories, No. 5, 1889.
Wee Willie Winkie and Other Child Stories, No. 6, 1889.
Letters of Marque, Allahabad, 1889.
Mine Own People, 1890 (suppressed).
The City of Dreadful Night and Other Places, 1891 (suppressed).
‘Turnovers’ from the ‘Civil and Military Gazette’ January–December 1888, 1891 (suppressed).
The Light That Failed, 1891.
Life’s Handicap; Being Stories of Mine Own People, 1891.
City of Dreadful Night, 1892 (suppressed).
The Smith Administration, 1892 (suppressed).
Barrack-Room Ballads and Other Verses, 1892.
The Naulahka: A Novel of West and East (RK and Wolcott Balestier), 1892. From Tideway to Tideway, 1892–5.
Many Inventions, 1893.
The Jungle Book, 1894.
My First Book, ed. Jerome K. Jerome, 1894.
The Second Jungle Book, 1895.
Captains Courageous: A Story of the Grand Banks, 1897.
The Day’s Work, 1898.
A Fleet in Being, 1898.
From Sea to Sea: Letters of Travel 1887–89, 1899.
Stalky & Co., 1899.
Kim, 1901.
Just So Stories, 1902.
The Five Nations, 1903.
Traffics and Discoveries, 1904.
Puck of Pook’s Hill, 1906.
Collected Verse, 1907.
Actions and Reactions, 1909.
Abaft the Funnel, 1909.
Songs from Books, 1913.
The Years Between, 1914.
Land and Sea Tales for Scouts and Guides, 1923.
The Brushwood Boy, 1926.
Something of Myself, 1936.
Andrew Rutherford, ed., Early Verse by Rudyard Kipling 1879–89: Unpublished, Uncollected, and Rarely Collected Poems, 1986.
Thomas Pinney, ed., Kipling’s India: Uncollected Sketches 1884–88, 1986.
Thomas Pinney, ed., The Letters of Rudyard Kipling, Vol. I: 1872–89, 1990; Vol. 2: 1890–99, 1990.
Thomas Pinney, ed. Rudyard Kipling: ‘Something of Myself’ and other Autobiographical Writings, 1991.
Kipling Collection Papers consulted at the University of Sussex Library Special Collections
RK, notebook 1881–2, containing 52 poems in his own hand, RK Papers 24/1.
RK, notebook 1882–4, containing 58 poems in his own hand, RK Papers 24/3.
RK, volume of articles, stories and verses pub. in CMG 1884–6, RK Papers 28/1.
RK, volume of articles, stories and verses pub. in Pioneer 1885, RK Papers 28/2.
RK, volume of articles, stories and verses pub. in CMG 1886–7, RK Papers 28/3.
RK, volume of articles, stories and verses pub. in Civil and Military Gazette, Pioneer, Week’s News and other journals 1887–91, RK Papers 28/4.
RK, Bound volume of articles, stories and verses pub. in English and US newspapers and periodicals, 1892–1910, RK Papers 28/5.
JLK and AK, letters to RK 1890, JLK Papers 1/7.
JLK and AK, letters to Edith Plowden 1880–1900, JLK Papers 1/10–11 AK, letters to Margaret Burne-Jones 1885–6, JLK Papers 1/1.
AK, letter to Edith Macdonald, 1866, JLK Papers 1/8.
AK, letter to Mrs Rivett-Carnac, 1870, JLK Papers 1/ 13.
JLK, letters to Duke of Connaught, JLK Papers 1/14
JLK, cuttings from Pioneer 1870–97, JLK Papers 28/19-21.
ATF, Notes on Flo Garrard and Schoolboy Lyrics, RK Papers 32/32 ATF, ‘Through Judy’s Eyes’, Typescript MS, ATF Papers 1/8.
Mrs ‘Carrie’ Kipling, extracts from diaries 1892–1908 by Charles Carrington, Carrington Papers 1/8-9.
Edith Plowden, ‘Fond Memory 1875–1910’, MSS, Baldwin Papers 1/11-20.
Contemporary Sources
Anon., Sleepy Sketches: or, How We Live, and How We Do Not Live, from Bombay, 1887.
Sir Edwin Arnold, The Light of Asia, 1879; On the Indian Hills, 1881; Pearls of Faith, 1883; Lotus and Jewel, 1887.
N. W. Bancroft, From Recruit to Staff Sergeant, 1885.
James Barrie, ‘Mr Kipling’s Stories’, Contemporary Review, Vol. LIX, March 1891.
Theodor Beck, Essays on Indian Topics, Pioneer Press, 1888.
George C. Beresford, ‘Kipling at United Services College, Westward Ho!’, Cambridge Magazine, April 1899; School-Days with Kipling, 1936.
Wilfred Scawen Blunt, My Diaries: being a Personal Narrative of Events, 1888–19
14, 1921.
Bombay Asiatic Journal, 1838.
Edward J. Buck, Simla Past and Present, Second Edition, 1924.
C. E. Buckland, Dictionary of Indian Biography, 1906.
Georgiana Burne-Jones, Memorials of Ed Burne-Jones, Vol. I, 1904.
Calcutta Review, ‘General Literature’, Vol. 78, No. 156, 1884; ‘General Literature’, Vol. 91, No. 181, 1890.
‘Casual’, That Reminds Me, CMG Press, 1922.
John Cave-Brown, Incidents in Indian Life, 1886.
Phil Robinson, ed., The Chameleon: An Anglo-Indian Periodical of Light Literature, 1871–3
W. J. Clarke, Rudyard Kipling: An Attempt at Appreciation, 1899.
W. E. Coleman, ‘Critical Historical Review of the Theosophical Society: an Exposé of Madame Blavatsky’, The Religio-Philosophical Journal, 1893.
J. P. Collins, ‘Rudyard Kipling at Lahore’, Nineteenth Century and After, Vol. CXXI, Jan. 1937.
Col. Arthur Cory, Shadows of Coming Events: or The Eastern Menace, 1876; reprinted as The Eastern Menace, 1881.
R. N. Cust, Pictures of Indian Life Sketched with the Pen from 1852 to 1881, 1881; Sorrows of Anglo-Indian Life, by a Sufferer, 1889.
Sarat Chandra Das, Religion and History of Tibet, 1881; Indian Pandits in the Land of Snow, 1893.
T. W. Rhys Davids, Buddhism, 1886; Buddhist Birth Stories or Jataka Tales, 1880.
Col. Newnham Davies, Jadoo, 1898.
Hariot, Marchioness of Dufferin and Ava, Our Viceregal Life in India: Selections from my Journal 1884–88, 1889.
Lord Dufferin, Dufferin Papers, Clandeboye and Belfast.
Gen. Lionel C. Dunsterville, Stalky’s Reminiscences, 1928.
G. R. Elsmie, Thirty-Five Years in the Punjab, 1858–1893, 1907.
‘An Ex-Civilian’, Life in the Mofussil, 1889.
Alice ‘Trix’ Fleming (née Kipling), (as ‘Beatrice Grange’), The Heart of a Maid, 1891; A Pinchbeck Goddess, 1897; ‘Some Childhood Memories of Rudyard Kipling’, Chambers’s Journal, March 1939.
William H. C. Folsom, Fifty Years in the North-West, Pioneer, 1888.
Charles Forjett, Our Real Danger in India, 1877.
Charles T. French, Journal of a Tour of Upper Hindustan, 1853.
Victor Fussboll, Folktales of India: the Pali Jataka, 1884.
T. Goodenough, ‘Rudyard Kipling in Allahabad’, Leeds Mercury, 30 December 1926.
Gen. Sir T. E. Gordon, A Varied Life: a Record of Military and Civil Service, of Sport and Travel in India, Central Asia and Persia, 1849–1902, 1906.
Henry R. Goulding, Old Lahore: Reminiscences of a Resident, with which is reproduced a Historical and Descriptive Account by the late Mr T. H. Thornton, CMG Press, 1924.
Govt. of the Bombay Presidency, Gazetteer of Bombay City and Island, Vol. I, 1909.
Govt. of the Punjab, Gazetteer of the Simla District, 1888–89; Punjab District Gazetteers.
Hilda Gregg, ‘The Indian Mutiny in Fiction’, Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, Vol. 161, No. 400, February 1897.
Rider Haggard, Nada the Lily, 1892.
Gen. Sir Ian Hamilton, Listening for the Drums, 1944.
Capt. Horace Hayes, Among Men and Horses, 1894.
Edmonia Hill, ‘The Young Kipling’, Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 157, April 1936.
Sir William W. Hunter, The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1881; England’s Work in India, 1881; India of the Queen, 1887.
Indian Charivari, Calcutta, dates unknown.
Sir John Kaye, History of the Sepoy War, 1859; History of the Great Revolt, 1880.
George Henry Keene, A Servant of John Company, 1897; A Handbook for Visitors to Lucknow with Preliminary Notes on Allahabad and Cawnpore, 1875.
John Lockwood Kipling, Beast and Man in India: A Popular Sketch of Indian Animals in their Relations with the People, 1891.
John Lang, Wanderings in India and Other Sketches, 1859; Essays in Little, 1891.
Cuthbert Larking, Bandobast and Khabar, 1888.
Col. W. F. B. Laurie, Sketches of Some Distinguished Anglo-Indians: with An Account of Anglo-Indian Periodical Literature, 1875.
Sir Walter Roper Lawrence, The India We Served, 1928.
Sir Alfred Comyn Lyall, The Life of the Marquis of Dufferin and Ava, 1905.
Edith Macdonald, Annals of the Macdonald Family, 1923.
Frederick Macdonald, As a Tale that is Told, 1919.
A. R. D. Mackenzie, Mutiny Memoirs, Being Personal Reminiscences of the Great Sepoy Revolt of 1857, Pioneer Press, 1892.
James Mackenzie Maclean, Maclean’s Guide to Bombay, 1875.
W. J. Makin, ‘In the Club at Allahabad’, T.P.’s Weekly, August 17 1929.
‘G. F. Monkshead’ – see W. J. Clarke.
Gen. Sir William Moore, A Manual of Family Medicine and Hygiene for India, 1893.
Max Müller, Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XI, 1881.
Sir Gilbert Murray, Unfinished Autobiography,
Charles Eliot Norton, ‘The Poetry of Rudyard Kipling’, Atlantic, Vol. LXXIX, Jan 1897.
Edward F. Oaten, A Sketch of Anglo-Indian Literature, 1908.
‘Observer’, An Anglo-Indian Microcosm: A Sketch of Anglo-Indian Society, Pioneer Press, 1886.
Edward E. Oliver, Across the Border or Pathan and Biloch, illus. by J. Lockwood Kipling, 1890.
‘Pericles’, Three Chapters on the Future of India, Pioneer Press, 1875.
The Pioneer newspaper, Pioneer Press, 1865–95; Punjab Notes and Queries, Pioneer Press, 1883–6; The Seditious Character of the Indian National Congress, Pioneer Press, 1888.
‘Pukhtana’, Our Political, 1849 and 1879: Two Sketches Founded on Fact, CMG Press, 1880.
J. P. Rawlins, Under the Indian Sun, CMG Press, 1897.
Lord Ripon, Ripon Papers, Cambridge University Library.
J. H. Rivett-Carnac, Many Memories of Life in India, 1910.
Field-Marshal Lord Roberts, Forty-One Years in India, 1905.
E. Kay Robinson, ‘Rudyard Kipling in India’, Pearson’s Magazine, June 1896; ‘Kipling in India: Reminiscences by the Editor of the Newspaper on Which Kipling Served at Lahore’, McClure’s Magazine, July 1896; ‘Rudyard Kipling as Journalist’, Literature, March 1899.
David Ross, The Land of the Five Rivers and Sindh, 1883.
Alfred Percy Sinnett, Editor Pioneer 1872–81, The Occult World, 1881; Esoteric Buddhism, 1883.
Flora Annie Steel, Garden of Fidelity: An Autobiography, 1929.
Sir James Stephen, Stephen Papers, Cambridge University Library.
R. A. Sterndale, The Afghan Knife, 1879; Denizens of the Jungle, 1880; Seonee, 1887.
W. O. Swanston (‘A Volunteer’), My Journal: or, What I Did and Saw between the 9th June and 25th November 1857, with an Account of General Havelock’s March from Allahabad to Lucknow, 1858.
Angela Thirkell, Three Houses, 1931.
Thomas Henry Thornton and J. Lockwood Kipling, Lahore: A Historical and Descriptive Note, 1876.
Martin Towelle, Towelle’s Hand Book and Guide to Simla, 1877.
United Indian Patriotic Association, Showing the Seditious Character of the Indian National Congress and the Opinions Held by Eminent Natives of India, Pioneer Press, 1888.
L. A. Waddell, The Buddhism of Tibet or Lamaism, 1897.
Sir William Wedderburn, Allan Octavian Hume: Father of the Indian National Congress 1829–1912, 1913.
Week’s News, Pioneer Press, 1888–9.
H. G. Wells, The New Machiavelli, 1911.
Oscar Wilde, review, Nineteenth Century Magazine, September 1891.
Andrew Wilson, Abode of Snow, 1890.
Sir George Younghusband, The Story of the Guides, 1908; Forty Years a Soldier, 1923.
Col. Henry Yule and A. C. Burnell, Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial Ango-Indian Words and Phrases, 1884.
Secondary sources
(articles in the Kipling Journal are too numerous to be listed)
F. S. Aijazuddin, Lahore: Illustrated Views of the Nineteenth Century, 2004.
Charles Allen, Kipling’s Kingdom: His Best Indian Stories, 1987; A Mountain in Tibet, 1978; God’s Terrorists: the Wahhabi Cult and the Hidden Roots of Modern Jihad, 2006.
Arthur R. Ankers, The Pater, 1988.
Earl (Arthur) Baldwin, The Macdonald Sisters, 1960.
Muhammad Baqir, Lahore Past and Present, 1952.
Vaughan Bateson, Something More of Kipling, 1938.
C. A. Bayley, The Local Roots of Indian Politics: Allahabad 1880–1920, 1975.
Lord Birkenhead, Rudyard Kipling, 1975.
Martin Briton, New India 1885: British Official Policy and the Emergence of the Indian National Congress, 1969.
Mary Burnett, The Ilberts in India 1882–86, 2000.
Margarita Burns, The Indian Press: a History of the Growth of Public Opinion in India, 1940.
Charles Carrington, Rudyard Kipling: His Life and Work, 1955.
Desmond Chapman-Huston, The Lost Historian: Sydney Low, 1936.
Cora L. Diaz De Chumaceiro, ‘On Rudyard Kipling’s Loss of Ayah’, Psyart: an online journal of the psychological study of the arts, February 2003.
John Coates, The Day’s Work: Kipling and the Idea of Sacrifice, 1997.
Bernard Cohen, ‘Representing Authority in Victorian India’, in E. Hobsbawm and T. Ranger, eds., The Invention of Tradition, 1983.
E. M. Collingwood, Imperial Bodies: the Physical Experiences of the Raj 1800–1947, 2001.
Louis Cornell, Kipling in India, 1966.
Mike Davis, Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World, 2001.
Sir Henry Mortimer Durand, A Life of Sir Alfred Comyn Lyall, 1913.
Sharada Dwivedi and Rahul Mehrotra, Fort Walks: Around Bombay’s Fort Area, 1999; Bombay: the Cities Within, 2001.
T. S. Eliot, A Choice of Kipling’s Verse, 1941.
Judith Flanders, A Circle of Sisters: Alice Macdonald, Georgiana Burne-Jones, Agnes Poynter and Louisa Baldwin, 2001.
David Gilmour, The Long Recessional: the Imperial Life of Rudyard Kipling, 2002.
Allen J. Greenberger, The British Image of India: a Study in the Literature of Imperialism, 1969.
John Gross, ed., Rudyard Kipling: the Man, his Work and his World, 1972.
Reginald Harbord, The Readers’ Guide to Rudyard Kipling’s Work Vols. I-VIII, now in the process of being updated as the New Readers’ Guide by the Kipling Society under the editorship of John Radcliffe and George Webb, published in instalments on the Society’s web-site at www.kipling.org.uk (‘Readers’ Guide’).
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