The PLO’s guerrilla exploits thus far had been laughable, Hoffman stressed. Fatah’s daily communiqués were works of Arab poetry, boasting of imaginary battles and nonexistent attacks against Israelis. But the Arab papers printed the communiqués, and the headlines enhanced the guerrillas’ mystique. “Fatah Forces Wipe Out Israeli Patrol,” “PLO Commandos Destroy Israeli Mobile Unit in Jordan Valley,” “Commandos Down Israeli Jet, Attack Several Settlements.” The Fatah propagandists were shameless. A few days ago, the station chief noted, they had taken credit for the death of an Israeli colonel, claiming that he had been killed by a Fatah land mine when, in fact, the poor man had died in a traffic accident.
The problem, Hoffman concluded, was that the PLO leaders weren’t fooled by their own rhetoric. They knew that in the long run, guerrilla warfare against the Israelis was hopeless, and they were looking around for other weapons. The only one that worked, from their standpoint, was terrorism.
As an appendix to his cable, the station chief included the text of a recent communiqué issued by the radical Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, titled “Final Warning to the World to Stay Away from Israel.” The document contained an unsubtle threat of airplane hijackings. It announced: “Don’t Travel to Israel! Stay Neutral! Be Safe! Keep Away!”
“The DDP says he doesn’t understand what he’s being asked to approve,” said Hoffman, when he had read the response to his cable. “Normally, I would tell him to go screw himself. But in this case, he has a point.
“To be frank, I’m not even sure I understand what we’re asking him to approve, and I wrote the fucking cable! So bear with me while I belabor the obvious.”
Rogers nodded.
“Is this an agent recruitment?” demanded Hoffman.
“No,” said Rogers. “Not yet.”
“Then what is it?”
“Our source is calling it ‘liaison.’
“Oh yeah? Well that’s bullshit, and you can tell him I said so. In the meantime, what are we supposed to tell Langley we’re doing out here?”
Rogers thought a moment.
“Tell them,” said Rogers, “that we are in the development phase of what we expect will be a penetration of the senior leadership of the Fatah guerrilla organization. For now, we are using a Lebanese agent as talent spotter.”
“Not bad,” said Hoffman. “It sounds almost plausible.”
And that was exactly what the DDP approved in early December 1969.
8
Beirut; December 1969
Christmas was only a few weeks away. Half the embassy, it seemed, was planning to take home leave for the holidays. The other half was scheming to take trips to Paris and London on embassy business.
Ambassador Wigg gave a lavish Christmas party the first week of December. It was a bit early, but the Wiggs were among the many who were leaving the country for vacation. Mrs. Wigg also organized some of the embassy wives and their children to go caroling in early December. They mistakenly did so in a part of West Beirut that was entirely Moslem, so the reception was less enthusiastic than hoped.
Jane made an appointment several days after the Wiggs’ party to see the ambassador’s wife. She had come up with an idea, and she wanted Mrs. Wigg’s blessing. Jane wore her best silk dress to the ambassador’s residence and tried very hard to make a good impression.
It was a modest proposal, really. Wouldn’t it be a fine thing, Jane suggested, if some of the embassy wives—rather than staying cloistered in the wealthy foreign sections of West Beirut every day—could play a more useful role in the community? Perhaps they could arrange to do some volunteer work. Something like the Junior League back home.
“Where were you thinking of, my dear?” asked Mrs. Wigg.
“The Makassed Hospital,” said Jane. “I’m told that they desperately need help.”
“Where is that, exactly?” asked Mrs. Wigg.
“In West Beirut,” said Jane, adding in a quieter voice. “Near the Sabra refugee camp.”
Mrs. Wigg didn’t seem to hear.
“Isn’t that a Moslem hospital?” asked Mrs. Wigg.
“Yes, I think it is.”
“And who are the patients?”
“Moslems,” said Jane. “Palestinians for the most part. They are the ones who can’t afford private hospitals, you see, and are dependent on charity hospitals like the Makassed.”
“Did you say Palestinians?” asked Mrs. Wigg, her voice rising.
“Yes, although I’m not sure why that matters.”
“It’s out of the question, my dear,” said Mrs. Wigg with finality. “You should know better. Really.”
Jane paused. She looked at Mrs. Wigg, deliberated a moment, and then spoke.
“Why?” she asked quietly.
“Why?” thundered Mrs. Wigg. “Why? I’m surprised you have to ask. Need I remind you that we are here at the sufferance of the Lebanese government. The Palestinian refugee problem is their affair, not ours. For all I know, the Lebanese government would rather not encourage these refugees to settle in Lebanon by providing them with free medical care at the Manhasset Hospital.”
“Makassed,” corrected Jane.
“Whatever.”
“Forgive me,” said Jane. “But that’s just the point. The Palestinians have nowhere else to go. Their mothers and babies need medical care now, no matter what country they belong to.”
“Not another word!” said Mrs. Wigg, cutting her off. “The answer is no.”
Jane picked up her handbag.
“I hope you will reconsider,” said Jane.
“I will not,” said Mrs. Wigg. “Please do not raise the subject again. I would hate for this to interfere with your husband’s career. But you have been warned.”
“Bullshit!” said Rogers that evening when Jane recounted the conversation. “I’m glad you told the old bag off.” As for Mrs. Wigg’s veiled threat to his career, Rogers assured his wife that it wasn’t to be taken seriously. The only person in Beirut whose opinion mattered to Rogers’s future in the agency was Frank Hoffman. And he detested Mrs. Wigg.
That was the end, however, of the Rogers’s social career in Beirut. Thereafter, the Wiggs invited them to embassy functions only when it was absolutely necessary to do so. And if Mrs. Wigg learned about Jane’s subsequent gifts of food and money to the Makassed Hospital, she said nothing about them.
Rogers spent the first week of December reviewing everything he could find in the files about Fatah, Jamal, the Old Man, Mideast politics, the history of the Palestinian guerrilla organizations. He was looking haggard: staying late at the office and going in early. Jane was wise enough not to ask him what was wrong. That was precisely the question that Rogers was driving himself so hard to answer.
Nothing was wrong, at least nothing that Rogers could see. But he kept looking and probing for the hidden flaw.
Late one afternoon, when Rogers had worked the problems through for what seemed like the hundredth time, he stopped by Hoffman’s office. The secretary, mercifully, had left for the day.
“What can I do for you?” asked Hoffman. The onset of winter made his cheeks look almost merry.
“I have a question for you,” said Rogers. “How do we know we can trust Fuad?”
“Don’t ask me,” said Hoffman. “He’s your agent.”
“Maybe. But I didn’t recruit him, I didn’t run him in Egypt, and I’ve only worked with him for two months.”
Hoffman, who could see that Rogers wasn’t in the mood for the usual sparring, moderated his sarcasm slightly.
“Okay. Fair question. How can we trust Fuad?”
“Don’t misunderstand me,” said Rogers. “I have no particular reason to suspect him. So far he has been a model agent. But there is something I don’t quite understand about him. Something enigmatic, as if he is operating behind a mask.”
“That’s because he’s an Arab,” said Hoffman. “These people are born with masks on.”
“Just the same,” sai
d Rogers, “I’d like to know more about him before we get in any deeper.”
“When was the last time he was fluttered?” asked the station chief.
“According to the file, it was four years ago, before he went to Egypt.”
“Jesus, Mary and Joseph! That’s a long time. A lot can happen in four years.”
“That’s what I was thinking,” said Rogers.
“Well, fuck him. Flutter him again.”
The next morning Rogers invited the Lebanese agent to join him for dinner at the station’s most lavish safehouse, a villa in the mountains overlooking Beirut and the sea.
The villa stood like an eagle’s nest atop a steep road that ascended, in hairpin turns, the slopes of Mount Lebanon. Rogers drove himself in an embassy sedan. The car climbed the hills and ridges like the steps of a ladder, each one offering a broader and more picturesque view of Beirut, twinkling below in the darkness. As the vehicle climbed higher and higher, the air became moist and sweet with the fragrance of moss and pine trees.
A young woman from the Office of Security had already arrived at the villa and prepared dinner. The real reason for her presence was to administer a polygraph test. She had brought the machine in a discreet, cream-colored suitcase.
Fuad arrived precisely on time. He looked small and somewhat frail in the dark. His skin, which seemed so lustrous in the sunshine, looked pale at night.
Rogers greeted him warmly, but the Lebanese seemed to be on guard. As he entered the house, he caught sight of the cream-colored suitcase that was parked in the hall; then he noticed the woman from the Office of Security, who was standing attentively in the pantry.
“You do not trust me, Mr. Reilly?” asked Fuad.
“No more or less than before,” said Rogers. He led Fuad to a large room overlooking the panorama of Beirut. Far below were the lights of Jounie, the ships at anchor in St. Georges Bay, and the starlit coast of West Beirut.
“Y’Allah! Let’s go,” said Fuad. “If it’s time to use the lie-detector machine again, I’m ready. I have nothing to hide.”
Rogers lit up a cigar. He was relieved. He had half-expected that Fuad would refuse to take the polygraph, which would abort the operation right there.
“We’ll do the test later,” said Rogers. “Right now, I’d like to hear more about you, without any wires hooked up.”
They talked until 2:00 A.M. Fuad unfolded the story of his early life, yard by yard. Rogers listened, puffing on his cigar, measuring Fuad’s history against his own mental profile of what makes a reliable agent.
“We are like mirrors,” said the Lebanese as he began his tale. “We reflect what is in front of us.”
“I’m not sure I follow you,” said Rogers.
“I mean that I am a product of my environment. My loyalties and hatreds were stamped on me a long time ago.”
“Tell me,” said Rogers.
Fuad took out his worry beads and then, deciding that they were a sign of anxiety and superstition, put them on the table.
“I was born in the village of Saadiyat al-Arab, twelve miles south of Beirut and two miles inland from the sea,” he said.
“To call it a village overstates things. It was really no more than a gas pump and a store and a few dozen houses. The only thing that made it unusual, for Lebanon, was that it was in the wrong place. It was a Moslem outpost on a stretch of road between two Maronite Christian villages: Saadiyat, by the Mediterranean, and Dibbiye in the hills.”
“With you in the middle,” said Rogers.
Fuad nodded. He had an earnest look, as if he wanted Rogers very much to understand the story he was telling.
“When I was a boy, religion bounded my world like the four points of a compass. The Christians were on either side, in Saadiyat and Dibbiye. The Druse were over the hill in Jahiliyeh. The Sunnis, outside my village, were in Burjain atop another hill. The Shiites were to the south, in Sidon and Tyre. And in Beirut were the rulers, who cared not at all about our little Sunni enclave in the midst of a Christian area.
“The local political leaders seemed in those days to be fixed as eternally as the stars. Perhaps they were, for all of them are still here. We called them the zaim. The big men. They were all big crooks and liars.
“My father was an officer in the national police force, which we called the Internal Security Force to make it sound more grand. It was controlled by the Sunnis, and my father got his job through an uncle in Beirut. The headquarters for our district were in Damour, several miles up the coast. My father didn’t even have an office in Saadiyat. Just his motorcycle and a khaki uniform. But he was still the most important man in our village.”
Rogers wondered whether to tell Fuad that his father, too, had been a policeman, then decided against it. At this point, what was needed between him and Fuad was distance, not familiarity.
“Because of his job,” continued Fuad, “my father became friendly with some of the Christian families who lived up the road in Dibbiye. On Sundays, my father would take me to the house of the richest man in Dibbiye, who we called Emile-Bey. It was a great mansion on top of the highest hill in the area. The fishermen from Saadiyat said they could see the red tile roof of Emile-Bey’s house from many miles out at sea.
“Emile-Bey took an interest in my education. Perhaps because I was a poor Moslem boy and he was a wealthy Maronite who hated the sectarianism of Lebanon. Perhaps because he had no son of his own. I don’t know why. But he tutored me in Arabic, French, and eventually English.
“When I was fourteen, he arranged for me to go to an English-language school several miles away in the village of Mishrif. He said the era of the French in Lebanon was over. The era of the Americans was beginning.”
“Was he right, do you think?” asked Rogers.
“We shall see.”
“Yes indeed,” said Rogers. “We shall see.”
“I loved that school,” Fuad continued. “The other students were so much more sophisticated than I was. They wore fine clothes and some of them had travelled abroad. I loved to speak English with them. It became a kind of snobbery. When we were around poor Arab boys in Mishrif, we would always speak English. They must have hated us for it.
“By the time I was in high school, I loathed my village. I hated the moukhtar, the village leader, who had bad teeth and always had crumbs of food in his mustache. I was embarrassed by my sisters, who were married and already had too many children, and by my cousins, who were poor and stupid. Most of all, I was embarrassed by the backwardness of Arab village life.
“You cannot know what it was like to be a young Arab in that time, dreaming of the liberation of your people from so much stupidity. In school, that was all we talked about. We gathered around the radio to hear Nasser speak from Cairo on a station called the Voice of the Arabs. We skipped school when Inam Raad and Antun Saade, two famous Syrian nationalists, came to Mishrif and addressed a public meeting. That was when I began to think that America was the answer for the Arabs.”
“Why?” asked Rogers.
“I don’t know,” said the Lebanese. “Perhaps because America seemed so pure. And so far away.
“For whatever reason, I decided then that I would go to the American University of Beirut. Emile-Bey encouraged me and offered to help pay the cost of my studies. And he did something else.”
“What was that?” asked Rogers.
“He sent me to America, as a graduation gift, the summer after I finished high school. What a trip it was! The flight took nearly seventy hours by propeller plane. We stopped in Paris, Dublin, Newfoundland, and New York. I felt as if I had landed in another world.”
“Where did you stay in America?”
“With an American family who were friends of Emile-Bey. A doctor’s family. It was paradise. They had a swimming pool and fruit orchards. They took me to movies and camping trips in the mountains. Can you imagine what that was like? For an Arab boy whose childhood memories were of dust and mud and chickens in the yard? When I got bac
k to Lebanon at the end of the summer, I was in love.”
“With who?”
“With America.”
Fuad paused. He looked away from Rogers and toward the window and the lights of Beirut beyond.
“Can I have a drink?” asked Fuad.
“Sure,” said Rogers. “What would you like?”
“Whisky.”
Rogers returned from the kitchen with two large tumblers of Scotch.
“You were talking about falling in love with America,” said Rogers.
“Lebanon must have been jealous,” said Fuad. “For it soon took its revenge.”
“What happened?”
“In 1964, when I was a senior at the American University of Beirut, the dean of students called me into his office one day and told me that my father had been killed—murdered—in a political quarrel. He told me that it was too dangerous for me to go to Saadiyat-al-Arab and that I would have to stay in Beirut for a few days. He offered to help me.”
“What did he do?”
“He gave me money.”
“What else?”
“He put me in touch with someone at the embassy who he said could make inquiries about what had happened to my father.”
“And did they find out anything at the embassy?”
“They found out everything.”
“What happened?”
“It was all very Lebanese. There had been an argument between two local politicians—the representatives of the Druse and Maronite members of parliament from our district—about political patronage. The question was whether a Moslem or a Christian contractor would get the job paving the road between Saadiyat and Dibbiye.
“My father, though he was a Moslem, had sided with the Christian contractor. The man was a friend of Emile-Bey’s and he was a good worker. The next day, when my father went to start his motorcycle, a bomb exploded. The government didn’t want a scandal, so they hushed up the incident. They never caught the man who planted the bomb.”
Agents of Innocence Page 6