The Spy and the Traitor

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The Spy and the Traitor Page 40

by Ben MacIntyre


  “Better that ten innocent people”: quoted in Sebag Montefiore, Stalin.

  “the Russian Harvard”: quoted in Encyclopedia of Contemporary Russian Culture, eds. Tatiana Smorodinskaya, Karen Evans-Romaine, and Helena Goscilo (Abingdon, 2007).

  “The intelligence officer’s behavior”; To make it into”: Leonid Shebarshin, “Inside the KGB Intelligence School,” March 24, 2015, https://espionagehistoryarchive.com/2015/03/24/the-kgbs-intelligence-school/.

  “an Englishman to his fingertips”: Mikhail Lyubimov, quoted in Corera, MI6.

  “I did not hesitate”: Philby, My Silent War.

  2. Uncle Gormsson

  Mikhail Lyubimov’s memoirs are contained in Notes of a Ne’er-Do-Well Rezident and Spies I Love and Hate; for Vasili Gordievsky’s activities in Czechoslovakia, see Andrew and Mitrokhin, Mitrokhin Archive.

  3. SUNBEAM

  The recruitment of Gordievsky is described in an unpublished memoir by Richard Bromhead, “Wilderness of Mirrors” (“Gerontion,” T. S. Eliot).

  4. Green Ink and Microfilm

  “Search for people who are hurt”: Pavel Sudoplatov, cited in Hollander, Political Will and Personal Belief.

  “Intelligence agents, in my experience”: Malcolm Muggeridge, Chronicles of Wasted Time, Part 2: The Infernal Grove (London, 1973).

  “a marvellous man”: Borovik, Philby Files, p. 29.

  The Haavik and Treholt cases are described in Andrew and Mitrokhin, Mitrokhin Archive. For the activities of the Copenhagen rezidentura, see Lyubimov, Notes of a Ne’er-Do-Well Rezident and Spies I Love and Hate.

  5. A Plastic Bag and a Mars Bar

  “There were even those who were recruited”: Cavendish, Inside Intelligence.

  “Fear by night”: Robert Conquest, The Great Terror: A Reassessment (Oxford, 1990).

  “as improbable as placing”: Helms, A Look Over My Shoulder, quoted in Hoffman, Billion Dollar Spy.

  “very few Soviet agents”: Gates, From the Shadows, quoted in Hoffman, Billion Dollar Spy.

  “reliable intelligence”: CIA assessment, 1953, quoted in Hoffman, Billion Dollar Spy.

  “gray, black, white and dull”; “Money for information”: cited in Agence France-Presse report, June 28, 1995.

  “Ashenden admired goodness”: W. Somerset Maugham, Ashenden; or, The British Agent (Leipzig, 1928).

  6. Agent BOOT

  “one of the world’s greatest trade union leaders”: Gordon Brown, The Guardian, April 22, 2009.

  “prepared to pass to the Party”; “confidential Labour Party documents”: cited in Andrew, Defence of the Realm.

  “would have passed on all he could get”: ibid.

  “I rather enjoyed the cloak-and-dagger”; “Like many other journalists”: Richard Gott, The Guardian, December 9, 1994.

  Details of the BOOT files are contained in interviews conducted with Gordievsky, held in the Sunday Times legal archive.

  “The Lyubimov and Boot”: Mikhail Lyubimov, in Womack, Undercover Lives.

  “I am as strong”: Michael Foot, http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/10/newsid_4699000/4699939.stm.

  “Foot freely disclosed information”: Charles Moore, interview with Gordievsky, Daily Telegraph, March 5, 2010.

  “The actions of the Russians”: Michael Foot, speaking at a Hyde Park rally, June 1968.

  7. The Safe House

  The principal sources on the life of Aldrich Ames are Earley, Confessions of a Spy; Weiner, Johnston, and Lewis, Betrayal; and Grimes and Vertefeuille, Circle of Treason.

  “Thanks to the excessive zeal”: Gates, From the Shadows.

  “There is no business like it”: quoted in Bearden and Risen, The Main Enemy.

  8. Operation RYAN

  Key sources on Operation RYAN are Barrass, Great Cold War; Fischer, “Cold War Conundrum”; Jones (ed.), Able Archer 83.

  “the man who substituted”: Ion Mihai Pacepa, quoted in National Review, September 20, 2004.

  “No such plans existed”: Andrew, Defence of the Realm.

  “The Soviet leadership really did”: Howe, Conflict of Loyalty.

  Maksim Parshikov’s account is contained in an unpublished memoir.

  “I am no spy”: New York Times, April 2, 1983.

  9. Koba

  For the Bettaney case, see Andrew, Defence of the Realm, and contemporary newspaper accounts.

  “He dressed like a bank manager”: The Times, May 29, 1998.

  10. Mr. Collins and Mrs. Thatcher

  For Margaret Thatcher’s views on Gordievsky, see Moore, Margaret Thatcher.

  “leave Marxism-Leninism on the ash heap”: Ronald Reagan to the Houses of Parliament, June 8, 1982.

  “the joy of total self-righteousness”: Henry E. Catto Jr., assistant secretary of defense, quoted in the Los Angeles Times, November 11, 1990.

  On ABLE ARCHER, see Barrass, Great Cold War; Fischer, “Cold War Conundrum”; and Jones (ed.), Able Archer 83.

  “the most dangerous moment”: Andrew, Defence of the Realm.

  “Gordievsky left us in no doubt”: Howe, Conflict of Loyalty.

  “I don’t see how they could believe that”: cited in Oberdorfer, From the Cold War to a New Era.

  “Three years had taught me”: cited in the Washington Post, October 24, 2015.

  “My first reaction”: Gates, From the Shadows.

  “Gordievsky’s information was an epiphany”: see Jones (ed.), Able Archer 83.

  “treated as the holy of holies”: Corera, MI6.

  “For heaven’s sake”: Moore, Margaret Thatcher.

  “What can I say?”: AP, February 26, 1985.

  “Guk has always been”: Andrew, Defence of the Realm.

  “a barrel-chested bear”: Bearden and Risen, Main Enemy.

  “The idea of leaving the country”: quoted in Gareth Stedman Jones, Karl Marx: Greatness and Illusion (London, 2016).

  “I grew up in a family of KGB officers”: radio interview with Igor Pomerantsev, Radio Liberty, September 7, 2015.

  “a unique opportunity”: Moore, Margaret Thatcher.

  “Is there conscience in the Kremlin?”: https://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/105450.

  “I certainly found him a man”: Thatcher to Reagan, note released to UK National Archives, January 2014.

  11. Russian Roulette

  “The information reaching [the CIA]”: see Jones (ed.), Able Archer 83.

  “Burton Gerber was determined”: Bearden and Risen, Main Enemy.

  “a Danish intelligence officer”: see Earley, Confessions of a Spy.

  For KGB handling of Ames, see Cherkashin, Spy Handler.

  “all the earmarks”: Grimes and Vertefeuille, Circle of Treason.

  “abnormal developments”: Interview with Viktor Budanov, September 13, 2007, http://www.pravdareport.com/history/13-09-2007/97107-intelligence-0/.

  For the DARIO case, see Andrew and Gordievsky, Instructions from the Center.

  12. Cat and Mouse

  “Never confess”: Philby, My Silent War.

  “the rest and cure of leaders”: New York Times, February 8, 1993.

  For Gordievsky’s state of mind, see Lyubimov, Notes of a Ne’er-Do-Well Rezident and Spies I Love and Hate.

  13. The Dry Cleaner

  “I would have let him escape”: radio interview with Igor Pomerantsev, Radio Liberty, September 7, 2015.

  “When sorrows come”: Hamlet, act IV, scene V.

  “the art of bowing to the East”: Kari Suomalainen, https://www.visavuori.com/fi/taiteilijat/kari-suomalainen.

  “man has always found it easier”: W. Somerset Maugham, “Mr. Harrington’s Washing,” in Ashenden; or, The British Agent (Leipzig, 1928).

  “tedious waste of time”: Daily Express, June 14, 2015.

  14. The Runner

  “Here, in the homeland”: Gorbachev’s speech at 12th World Festival of Youth, July 27, 1985, https://rus.ozodi.org/amp/24756366.html.

  15. Finlandia

&
nbsp; For further information on cheese and onion crisps, see Karen Hochman, “A History of the Potato Chip,” http://www.thenibble.com/reviews/main/snacks/chip-history.asp.

  South Ormsby Hall is open to the public: http://southormsbyestate.co.uk.

  On Yurchenko, see “The Spy Who Returned from the Cold,” Time, April 18, 2005.

  “I’m on top of all facets”: New York Times, May 7, 1987.

  “The information from Gordievsky”: see Jones (ed.), Able Archer 83.

  Epilogue: Passport for PIMLICO

  For correspondence between Thatcher and Gordievsky, see National Archives, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/about/news/newly-released-files-1985-1986/prime-ministers-office-files-prem-1985/.

  For the diplomatic fallout, see interview with Sir Bryan Cartledge, Churchill Archive Center, https://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/media/uploads/files/Cartledge.pdf.

  “Gordievsky was close to confessing”: Primakov, Russian Crossroads.

  “Technically it’s nothing very special”: The Times, March 10, 2018.

  “Life went forward”: radio interview with Igor Pomerantsev, Radio Liberty, September 7, 2015.

  “Spying has become much harder”: Los Angeles Times, August 30, 1991.

  On Vadim Bakatin dismantling the KGB, see J. Michael Waller, “Russia: Death and Resurrection of the KGB,” Demokratizatsiya, vol. 12, no. 3 (summer 2004).

  For the Ted Koppel interview with Ames, see http://abcnews.go.com/US/video/feb-11-1997-aldrich-ames-interview-21372948.

  For Sergei Ivanov’s exposure by Gordievsky, see The Times, October 20, 2015.

  “If we had to kill anyone”: Andrei Lugovoi in the Sunday Times, March 11, 2018.

  SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

  Andrew, Christopher. The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5. London, 2009.

  ———, Secret Service: The Making of the British Intelligence Community. London, 1985.

  Andrew, Christopher, and Oleg Gordievsky (eds.). Instructions from the Center: Top Secret Files on KGB Foreign Operations, 1975–1985. London, 1991.

  ———, KGB: The Inside Story of Its Foreign Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev. London, 1991.

  Andrew, Christopher, and Vasili Mitrokhin. The Mitrokhin Archive: The KGB in Europe and the West. London, 1999.

  ———, The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World. London, 2005.

  Barrass, Gordon S. The Great Cold War: A Journey Through the Hall of Mirrors. Stanford, Calif., 2009.

  Bearden, Milton, and James Risen. The Main Enemy: The Inside Story of the CIA’s Final Showdown with the KGB. London, 2003.

  Borovik, Genrikh. The Philby Files: The Secret Life of Master Spy Kim Philby—KGB Archives Revealed. London, 1994.

  Brook-Shepherd, Gordon. The Storm Birds: Soviet Post-War Defectors. London, 1988.

  Carl, Leo D. The International Dictionary of Intelligence. McLean, Va., 1990.

  Carter, Miranda. Anthony Blunt: His Lives. London, 2001.

  Cavendish, Anthony. Inside Intelligence: The Revelations of an MI6 Officer.London, 1990.

  Cherkashin, Victor, with Gregory Feifer. Spy Handler: Memoir of a KGB Officer. New York, 2005.

  Corera, Gordon. MI6: Life and Death in the British Secret Service. London, 2012.

  Earley, Pete. Confessions of a Spy: The Real Story of Aldrich Ames. London, 1997.

  Fischer, Benjamin B. “A Cold War Conundrum: The 1983 Soviet War Scare,” https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/a-cold-war-conundrum/source.htm.

  Gaddis, John Lewis. The Cold War. London, 2007.

  Gates, Robert M. From the Shadows: The Ultimate Insider’s Story of Five Presidents and How They Won the Cold War. New York, 2006.

  Gordievsky, Oleg. Next Stop Execution: The Autobiography of Oleg Gordievsky. London, 1995.

  Grimes, Sandra, and Jeanne Vertefeuille. Circle of Treason: A CIA Account of Traitor Aldrich Ames and the Men He Betrayed. Annapolis, Md., 2012.

  Helms, Richard. A Look Over My Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence Agency. New York, 2003.

  Hoffman, David E. The Billion Dollar Spy: A True Story of Cold War Espionage and Betrayal. New York, 2015.

  Hollander, Paul. Political Will and Personal Belief: The Decline and Fall of Soviet Communism. New Haven, Conn., 1999.

  Howe, Geoffrey. Conflict of Loyalty. London, 1994.

  Jeffery, Keith. MI6: The History of the Secret Intelligence Service, 1909–1949. London, 2010.

  Jones, Nate (ed.). Able Archer 83: The Secret History of the NATO Exercise That Almost Triggered Nuclear War. New York, 2016.

  Kalugin, Oleg. Spymaster: My Thirty-Two Years in Intelligence and Espionage Against the West. New York, 2009.

  Kendall, Bridget. The Cold War: A New Oral History of Life Between East and West. London, 2018.

  Lyubimov, Mikhail. Notes of a Ne’er-Do-Well Rezident or Will-o’-the-Wisp. Moscow, 1995.

  ———. Spies I Love and Hate. Moscow, 1997.

  Moore, Charles. Margaret Thatcher: The Authorized Biography, vol. 2: Everything She Wants. London, 2015.

  Morley, Jefferson. The Ghost: The Secret Life of CIA Spymaster James Jesus Angleton. London, 2017.

  Oberdorfer, Don. From the Cold War to a New Era: The United States and the Soviet Union, 1983–1991. Baltimore, 1998.

  Parker, Philip (ed.). The Cold War Spy Pocket Manual. Oxford, 2015.

  Philby, Kim. My Silent War. London, 1968.

  Pincher, Chapman. Treachery: Betrayals, Blunders and Cover-Ups: Six Decades of Espionage. Edinburgh, 2012.

  Primakov, Yevgeny. Russian Crossroads: Toward the New Millennium. New Haven, Conn., 2004.

  Sebag Montefiore, Simon. Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar. London, 2003.

  Trento, Joseph J. The Secret History of the CIA. New York, 2001.

  Weiner, Tim. Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA. London, 2007.

  Weiner, Tim, David Johnston, and Neil A. Lewis. Betrayal: The Story of Aldrich Ames, an American Spy. London, 1996.

  Westad, Odd Arne. The Cold War: A World History. London, 2017.

  West, Nigel. At Her Majesty’s Secret Service: The Chiefs of Britain’s Intelligence Agency, MI6. London, 2006.

  Womack, Helen (ed.). Undercover Lives: Soviet Spies in the Cities of the World. London, 1998.

  Wright, Peter with Paul Greengrass. Spycatcher: The Candid Autobiography of a Senior Intelligence Officer. London, 1987.

  PHOTO CREDITS

  First Photo Insert

  1, 2: private collection;3, 4: private collection;5: private collection;6, 7: private collection,8: Avalon;9: private collection;10: World History Archive/Alamy Stock Photo,11: akg-images/Ladislav Bielik;12: private collection;13, 14: private collection;15: private collection;16: Ritzau Scanpix/TopFoto,17: Bettmann Archive/Getty Images,18: Ritzau Scanpix/TopFoto;19: Time Life Pictures/FBI/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images,20: Jeffrey Markowitz/Sygma/Getty Images;21: (top) Jeffrey Markowitz/Sygma/Getty Images;22: TASS/TopFoto;23: private collection,24, 25: EAST2WEST;25: private collection.

  Second Photo Insert

  26: private collection,27: The Times;28: private collection;20: Topfoto;30: Tom Stoddart Archive/Hulton Archive/Getty Images,31, 33: PA Images;32: Popperfoto/Getty Images,33: PA Images,34: Stewart Ferguson/Forth Press;35: Allan Tannenbaum/Archive Photos/Getty Images,36: PA Images/TASS;37: Peter Jordan/The LIFE Images Collection/Getty Images,38: EAST2WEST,39: The Times;40: private collection;41: PA Images/TASS,42: © News Group Newspapers Ltd,43: Robert Opie archive;44: private collection;45: (top, bottom) private collection;46: Sputnik/TopFoto,47: private collection;48: Courtesy of John Hallisey/FBI/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images,49: (bottom right) Jeffrey Markowitz/Sygma/Getty Images;50: private collection,51: Neville Marriner/ANL/REX/Shutterstock;52: Courtesy Ronald Reagan Library,53: PA Images,54: Diana Walker/The LIFE Images Collection/Getty Images;55: llpo Musto/REX/Shutterstock.

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