“spy academy” and “codes, ciphers . . . enemy arms”: Erika Ostrovsky, Eye of Dawn: The Rise and Fall of Mata Hari (New York: Macmillan, 1978), pp. 128–129.
“little mysteries of counterespionage” and “professional secrecy”: Magaret H. Darrow, French Women and the First World War (New York: Berg, 2000), p. 294.
“reading Berlin’s messages . . . the German recipients”: Tuchman, p. 14.
“ingenuity . . . inspired guessing”: Tuchman, p. 14.
“England to make . . . few months” and “lost territories . . . Arizona”: Tuchman, p. 146.
“arranges the conditions . . . for your Excellency”: Tuchman, p. 102.
“Never before or since . . . secret message”: Kahn, p. 297.
“were completely confused . . . their wiretaps”: Kenny A. Franks, Citizen Soldiers (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1984), p. 30.
Chapter 4: Espionage Gets Organized in World War II
“collect and analyze . . . available to the government”: Central Intelligence Agency, “The Office of Strategic Services: America’s First Intelligence Agency” (Washington, D.C.: Center for the Study of Intelligence, 2000). https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/oss/art02.htm.
“The woman who limps . . . destroy her”: McIntosh, p. 114.
Virginia Hall’s contacts: Binney, pp. 124–125.
“would give anything . . . bitch”: Binney, p. 123.
Cuthbert story: Binney, p. 123; McIntosh, p. 118. “God knows . . . the mountains”: Binney, p. 123.
“briefing officer for the boys”: Binney, p. 129.
“I found a few . . . eager to help”: Binney, p. 131.
“still operational . . . to get busy”: McIntosh, p. 125. “thousands of bulbs”: Binney, p. 138; McIntosh, p. 127.
smallest commercial camera: The Guinness Book of Records (New York: Facts on File, 1995), p. 158.
“the greatest . . . World War II”: Haufler, p. 78.
“rabid Nazi supporter” and “I began to use . . . staunch Nazi”: Haufler, p. 80.
“fifteen ships . . . Lisbon”: Haufler, p. 82.
“He came to us as . . . he had already set up”: Haufler, p. 83.
“Gerbers . . . flowers please”: Pujol and West, p. 142.
“Harris and Garbo . . . times of their lives”: Holt, p. 212.
“Gutter Fighting,” “You’re interested only . . . or be killed,” and “a silent, deadly . . . quickly”: O’Donnell, pp. 4 and 5.
“He wined and dined . . . and dined him,” “We were simply to come . . . they didn’t know us,” and “With any lie . . . truth as possible”: O’Donnell, pp. 10 and 11.
“surely there’s no harm,” “notebooks full of information,” and “Just being a nice guy . . . areas”: O’Donnell, p. 12.
Chapter 5: Cold War Spies
dig a hole and bury it: Stafford, p. 79.
a stack 10 feet wide, 15 feet deep, and 8 feet high: Stafford, p. 120.
“Most intelligence . . . project starts”: Dulles, The Craft of Naval Intelligence.
“We’ve got a problem”: Stafford, p. 148.
“It’s gone”: Stafford, p. 153.
“I handed to him . . . previous day”: Huntington.
“asked me to meet . . . fresh developments”: Huntington.
“a bonanza to Western counterintelligence specialists”: Stafford, p. 138.
“Whether it was sexy . . . doubt it”: Huntington.
“The evidence suggests . . . to go to war”: Weiner, p. 129.
“very close approximation . . . were faced with” and “Text of message . . . Signature of message”: Wright, pp. 233 and 232.
“the enemy will have . . . technologies,” “Our intelligence tells us essentially nothing,” and “another Pearl Harbor,” and “an extraordinary absence of knowledge”: Taubman, p. 24.
“was just appalling”: William J. Broad, “Spy Satellites’ Early Role as ‘Floodlight’ Coming Clear,’ New York Times, September 12, 1995, C-10.
adapted from sailplane designs: Pedlow and Welzenbach, p. 47.
“would be impossible . . . equipment intact”: Ambrose, p. 279.
“no idea . . . orange-colored light”: Nash, p. 395.
“I must tell you . . . have said”: H. Hanak, Soviet Foreign Policy Since the Death of Stalin (New York: Routledge, 1972), p. 115.
“there was no authorization for any such flight”: Ambrose, p. 286.
“Quivering with excitement . . . to detect” and “represented . . . electronics”: George F. Kennan, Memoirs, vol. 2: 1950–1963 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1972), pp. 155 and 156.
“Every room is . . . disturb things.”: http://www.spybusters.com/Great_Seal_Bug.html
Chapter 6: Moles in Our House
“social drinker” and “no serious alcohol problem”: Senate Select Committee.
“trying to make . . . desperation”: National Security Archives interview with Aldrich Ames. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/coldwar/interviews/episode21/aldrich1.html.
“wrapping up our cases with reckless abandon”: Senate Select Committee.
“virtual collapse”: Senate Select Committee.
“blatantly excessive”: Senate Select Committee.
“conscious decision . . . to the FBI”: Wise, p. 180.
“back to square one” and “always there . . . wanted to solve”: Senate Select Committee.
“I am ready . . . message at pipe”: Senate Select Committee.
“The best stuff . . . his computer”: Wise, p. 237.
“FBI . . . the car”: Wise, p. 2.
“running my little scam”: National Security Archives interview with Aldrich Ames. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/coldwar/interviews/episode21/aldrich1.html.
a third of the thirty-four anti-virus programs: http://theepochtimes.com/n2/content/view/14459.
“relatively simple . . . meticulous”: Jeremy Wagstaff, “Digital Espionage — Off the Shelf,” Jakarta Post, April 20, 2009.
“dubs the . . . dragon’”: http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2009/03/spy-system-focu.
“a propaganda campaign”: “China Denies Spying Allegations,” BBC News, March 30, 2009. http://bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7972702.stm.
“nonsense”: John Markoff, “Vast Spy System Loots Computers in 103 Countries,” New York Times, March 28, 2009.
bold, brave FBI agent in the dark suit”: Vise, p. 32.
“an oddball out,” “very dour,” fairly long . . . appearance,” and “He was brighter . . . the Bureau”: Vise, p. 81.
“one of the smartest FBI agents I ever met”: Monica Davey, “Secret Passage, Chicago Tribune Magazine, April 21, 2002.
“Do Not Open . . . Cherkashin”: Vise, p. 70.
“If you wish . . . I can call”: Vise, p. 82.
“He forgot that . . . risk he was” and “valuable . . . the CIA”: Vise, p. 207.
“Dear Friends . . . active service” and “higher do-nothing . . . program”: Vise, p. 214.
“What took you so long?”: Vise. p. 216.
“cooperation concerning . . . problematic”: Adrian Havill, “Robert Philip Hanssen: The Spy Who Stayed Out in the Cold,” TruTV.com. http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/terrorists_spies/spies/hanssen/14.html.
“five-hundred-year flood” and “as artful a spy . . . been caught”: Vise, pp. 241 and 238.
Allen, Thomas B. George Washington, Spymaster. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2004.
Ambrose, Stephen E. Ike’s Spies: Eisenhower and the Espionage Establishment. Jackson, MS: University of Mississippi Press, 1999.
Andrew, Christopher M. For the President’s Eyes Only. New York: HarperCollins, 1995.
Axelrod, Alan. The War between the Spies. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1992.
Bakeless, John. Spies of the Confederacy. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1970.
— — —. Turncoats, Traitors, and Heroes. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1960.
&n
bsp; Bamford, James. Body of Secrets. New York: Doubleday, 2001.
Beesly, Patrick. Room 40: British Naval Intelligence, 1914–1918. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1982.
Bennett, Richard M. Espionage: An Encyclopedia of Secrets. London: Vergin Books, 2008.
Binney, Marcus. The Women Who Lived for Danger. New York: William Morrow, 2002.
Blackman, Ann. Wild Rose: Rose O’Neale Greenhow, Civil War Spy. New York: Random House, 2005.
Coleman, Janet Wyman. Secrets, Lies, Gizmos, and Spies. New York: Abrams, 2006.
Davies, Barry. The Spycraft Manual. St. Paul, MN: Zenith Press, 2005.
Dorril, Stephen. MI6: Inside the Covert World of Her Majesty’s Secret Intelligence Service. New York: Free Press, 2000.
Dulles, Allen W. The Craft of Intelligence. Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2006.
— — —, ed. Great Spy Stories from Fiction. New York: Harper & Row, 1969.
Feis, William B. Grant’s Secret Service. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2002.
Fishel, Edwin C. The Secret War for the Union. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1996.
Ford, Corey. A Peculiar Service. Boston: Little, Brown, 1965.
Haufler, Hervie. The Spies Who Never Were. New York: NAL Caliber, 2006.
Hunter, Ryan Ann. In Disguise! Stories of Real Women Spies. Hillsboro, OR: Beyond Words Publishing, 2003.
Huntington, Thomas. “The Berlin Spy Tunnel Affair,” Invention & Technology Magazine, spring 1995. http://www.americanheritage.com/
articles/magazine/it/1995/4/1995_4_44.shtml
International Spy Museum. Spying: The Secret History of History. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal, 2004.
Kahn, David. The Codebreakers. New York: Scribner, 1967.
Keegan, John. Intelligence in War. New York: Knopf, 2003.
Knightley, Philip. The Second Oldest Profession. New York: Norton, 1987.
Markle, Donald E. Spies and Spymasters of the Civil War. New York: Hippocrene Books, 2004.
Masterman, J. C. The Double-Cross System. New York: Lyons Press, 2000.
McIntosh, Elizabeth P. Sisterhood of Spies. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1998.
Melton, H. Keith. The Ultimate Spy Book. New York: DK Publishing, 1996.
Nash, Jay Robert. Spies. New York: M. Evans, 1997.
O’Donnell, Patrick K. Operatives, Spies, and Saboteurs. New York: Free Press, 2004.
O’Toole, G. J. A. The Encyclopedia of American Intelligence and Espionage. New York: Facts on File, 1988.
— — —. Honorable Treachery. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1991.
Owen, David. Hidden Secrets. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books, 2002.
Pedlow, Gregory, and Donald E. Welzenbach. The CIA and the U-2 Program, 1954–1974. Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency, 1998.
Persico, Joseph E. Piercing the Reich. New York: Viking, 1979.
Polmar, Norman, and Thomas B. Allen. Spy Book: The Encyclopedia of Espionage. New York: Random House, 1997.
Powers, Thomas. Intelligence Wars. New York: New York Review Books, 2002.
Prados, John. Presidents’ Secret Wars. New York: Morrow, 1986.
Proctor, Tammy M. Female Intelligence: Women and Espionage in the First World War. New York: New York University Press, 2003.
Pujol, Juan, and Nigel West. Garbo. London: Grafton Books, 1986.
Randall, Willard Sterne. Benedict Arnold: Patriot and Traitor. New York: Morrow, 1990.
Richelson, Jeffrey T. A Century of Spies. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
— — —. The Wizards of Langley. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2001.
Rose, Alexander. Washington’s Spies. New York: Bantam, 2006.
Ryan, David D., ed. A Yankee Spy in Richmond. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1996.
Sayers, Michael, and Albert E. Kahn. Sabotage! The Secret War Against America. New York: Harper, 1942.
Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. “An Assessment of the Aldrich H. Ames Espionage Case and Its Implications to U.S. Intelligence,” November 1, 1994. http://www.fas.org/irp/congress/1994_rpt/ssci_ames.htm.
Smith, Richard Harris. OSS: The Secret History of America’s First Central Intelligence Agency. Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2005.
Stafford, David. Spies Beneath Berlin. Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 2003.
Stern, Philip Van Doren. Secret Missions of the Civil War. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1959.
Taubman, Philip. Secret Empire. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003.
Tuchman, Barbara W. The Zimmermann Telegram. New York: Macmillan, 1958.
Van Doren, Carl. Secret History of the American Revolution. New York: Viking, 1941.
Varon, Elizabeth R. Southern Lady, Yankee Spy. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Vise, David A. The Bureau and the Mole. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2002.
Volkman, Ernest. Spies. New York: Wiley, 1994.
Wallace, Robert, and H. Keith Melton. Spycraft. New York: Dutton, 2008.
Weiner, Tim. Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA. New York: Doubleday, 2007.
Wise, David. Nightmover. New York: HarperCollins, 1995.
Witcover, Jules. Sabotage at Black Tom. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books, 1989.
Wright, Peter. Spycatcher. New York: Viking, 1987.
Chapter 1: Outspying the British
Image of Abraham Woodhull meets Caleb Brewster: Reprinted by permission of the Three Village School District, Setauket, NY
Image of A page from Major Tallmadge’s codebook.: Courtesy of the Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, George Washington Papers, 1741–1799. Series 4. General correspondence. 1697–1799. Image 23.
Image of Benjamin Franklin: Courtesy of the Library of Congress, Detroit Publishing Company Collection. Photograph of a portrait by Charles Willson Peale, 1785, in the collection of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts.
Image of General Benedict Arnold and Major John André: Reprinted by permission of www.earlyamerica.com
Image of Major John André: Reprinted by permission of Clements Library, University of Michigan
A page of a letter written in invisible ink by Major John André to General Henry Clinton.: Reprinted by permission of Clements Library, University of Michigan
Chapter 2: Spies in Blue and Gray
Image of Elizabeth Van Lew, Union spymaster: Photograph by A. J. DeMovat. Reprinted by permission of the Virginia Historical Society
Image of A stereograph of the old Libby Prison, Richmond, Virginia: Courtesy of the Collection of the New York Historical Society
Image of The U.S. spy balloon Intrepid lifts off: Courtesy of the National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution
Image of Rose O’Neale Greenhow,: Courtesy of the Library of Congress
Image of Cipher found on Greenhow’s body after she drowned: Courtesy of the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Raleigh, North Carolina
Image of Harriet Tubman, African-American spy: Courtesy of the Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division
Chapter 3: Espionage Comes of Age in World War I
Image of Brigadier General John “Black Jack” Pershing: Courtesy of the Library of Congress
Image of Aftermath of the attack on Black Tom Island: Courtesy of Liberty State Park Historic Collection
Image of The spy Mata Hari: All efforts have been made to find the rights holder of this photograph.
Image of The Zimmermann Telegram: Courtesy of the National Archives
Image of A group of Choctaw code talkers: Courtesy of the Mathers Museum of World Cultures
Chapter 4: Espionage Gets Organized in World War II
Image of Assorted fake travel documents: Courtesy of Lora Katling and the CIA Museum
Image of Virginia Hall sending a message on her wireless radio.: Reprinted by permission of Jeff Bass
Image of Miniature Minox camera,: Photograph © Oliver Woelki
Image of Garbo in a disguise (left): Courtesy of the N
ational Archives, U.K.
Image of The chart Garbo: Reprinted by permission of Press Association, U.K. (photo) and the Imperial War Museum, U.K. (diagram)
Chapter 5: Cold War Spies
Image of Sandbags line the walls: Courtesy of the CIA Museum
Image of The Berlin spy tunnel: Reprinted by permission of Dorling Kindersley/Maltings Partnership
Image of Each page of a one-time pad was used for a different message: Reprinted by permission of Dirk Rijmenants’ Cipher Machines and Cryptology
Image of A U-2 spy plane: Photograph courtesy of Master Sargent Rose Reynolds, U.S. Air Force
Image of The listening device found in the American embassy in Moscow: Reprinted by permission of Mick Gillam/Dorling Kindersley
Image of The pilot’s emergency pack from Powers’s U-2: Reprinted by permission of Rianovisti, Russia
Chapter 6: Moles in Our House
Image of An incriminating note written by Ames: Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images
Image of Aldrich Ames,: Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images
Image of Robert Hanssen,: Getty Images
Image of In a dead drop code-named Ellis,: Getty Images
Image of The Corona spy satellite: Photograph by Eric Long, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution (SI97–15881–10)
www.candlewick.com
PAUL B. JANECZKO is a multi-talented poet, anthologist, and writer. His award-winning poetry anthologies include A Poke in the I, A Kick in the Head, and A Foot in the Mouth. He also collected Seeing the Blue Between: Advice and Inspiration for Young Poets and wrote Worlds Afire and Top Secret: A Handbook of Codes, Ciphers, and Secret Writing. He says, “Ever since I was a kid, I have delighted in cloak-and-dagger tales, so it was a blast to get a chance to write some of my own.” Paul B. Janeczko lives in Maine.
Copyright © 2010 by Paul B. Janeczko
Cover photograph copyright © 2010 by Peter Hince/Stone/Getty Images (spy) Photography credits appear at the end.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, transmitted, or stored in an information retrieval system in any form or by any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, taping, and recording, without prior written permission from the publisher.
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